Companies like Cisco Systems have been exploring the limits of virtual meetings and conference for both large internal meetings, such as Annual Meetings, and for conferences to which they invite clients (DeVault, 2011). eports from participants and from Cisco are that these meetings are highly effective, cost effective, and fun -- particularly when virtual spaces such as Second Life can be employed as a venue (DeVault, 2011).
As more and more companies go the virtual conference route, spending information becomes more available. For example, Stratus Technologies, which make high-end servers, held a virtual summit to which they wanted to attract high numbers of international attendees and C-Suite executives. The virtual conference cost considerably less than the traditional conference that Stratus Technologies held in the past. The bill for the virtual conference was $100,000 -- approximately one-fifth as much as the event would have cost in a traditional venue. The company…...

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References  http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/may2008/tc2008054_560356.htm 

Kirkman, B.L., Rosen, B., Gibson, C.B., Tesluk, P.E., and McPherson, S.O. (2002, August). Five challenges to virtual team success: Lessons from Sabre, Inc. Academy of Management Executive, 16 (3), 67-79. Retrieved http://turbo.kean.edu/~jmcgill/sabre.htm

Martin, J.A. (2010, January 26). Hotel guests checking into public Cisco TelePresence rooms. Cisco's Technology News Site. Retrieved   / dlls/2010/ts_012610.htmlhttp://newsroom.cisco.com 

Unisfair, Inc., (2011). Internet Software and Services. Bloomsberg Businessweek. Retrieved  http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=723693

Two different ways of getting funds to agencies are 1) to pass a short-term funding bill that will extend the debt limit for a few more months, and 2) to tie in Hurricane-relief aid with the budget bill so that there is more incentive for a bipartisan resolution. The course of events could go in any one direction, but the likelihood of a government shutdown and/or default is very low: a shutdown or default would benefit no one, there would be a great deal of finger pointing, and the Trump Administration would suffer another defeat that would signal ineptitude of the highest order. A short-term funding bill to extend the debt limit would be advantageous for a number of reasons: first, it would allow the federal government to continue operating without fear or pressure of having to produce a budget by a fast-approaching deadline; second, it would signal that sides are…...

budget process for Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department (LVMPD). LVMPD was formed in 1973 as a result of the merger of the Las Vegas Police Department with the Clark County Sheriff's Department. LVMPD serves the city limits of Las Vegas along with unincorporated areas of Clark County.
LVMPD is funded by the City of Las Vegas and Clark County. Police department funding is based on a complex formula determined by population, calls for service, and the number of felony crimes from the previous year. Both city and county governments must approve not just the annual operating budget, but also their respective percentage of the budget. In addition to funding supplied by the two governments, the department itself generates approximately one-third of its funds though property tax and the charging for certain services, such as special events. A special sales tax to fund commissioned positions generates additional funding.

The Law Enforcement Study…...

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Works Cited

Haynes, B. (2011). Board votes to tap Las Vegas police reserves. Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved August 4, 2011 from:  http://www.lvrj.com/news/board-votes-to-tap-las-vegas-police-reserves-120669354.html 

Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department. (2011). Amended Final Budget FY 2011- 2012. Retrieved August 4, 2011 from: Retrieved August 4, 2011 from:  http://www.lvmpd.com/pdf/FinalBudget2011-2012.pdf 

Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department. (n.d.). About Us Consolidation. Retrieved August 4, 2011 from:  http://www.lvmpd.com/about/consolidation.html 

Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department. (2011). Fiscal Year 2011-2012 Budget-in-Brief. Retrieved August 4, 2011 from:  http://www.lvmpd.com/pdf/BudgetinBrief2011-2012.pdf

In this regard, Garner adds that, "A safety-smart leader realizes that while a $10 flashlight purchased in bulk at the local discount store may put out enough light to read a driver's license, a 20,000 candlepower light that sets the department back $90, may make all the difference in the world when the officer holding it faces an armed offender one dark night. Little things like that are not lost on the troops" (p. 92). In fact, as to budget priorities, Garner (1998) suggests that officer training and safety considerations should be at the very top of the police manager's list: "A competent police manager encourages and demands an organizational environment where safety is valued, taught and practiced. He mandates that supervisors and managers role model, inspect, reward and correct for safety. He assures that the very best safety training and equipment is made available to his personnel" (p.…...

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References

Borrello, a. (2009, March). In defense of the police manager. Law & Order, 57(3), 64-65.

Carrick, G. (2003, April). Traffic safety in the new millennium. Law & Order, 51(4), 44-45.

Coulton, G.F. & Feild, H.S. (1995). Using assessment centers in selecting entry-level police officers: Extravagance or justified expense? Public Personnel Management, 24(2), 223-

Garner, G.W. (1998, December). A leader's role in officer safety. Law & Order, 46(12), 91-92.

125% to 6.0% would increase the estimated revenues by approximately $300 million, bringing this revenue to its highest level in history. This rate would still be lower than the state sales tax rate in neighboring Southwest states such as Arizona (6.6%), Texas (6.25%), Nevada (6.85%) and California (7.25%) (Sales Tax Clearinghouse, 2010). ith this increase, personal income tax rates would not need to be increased. Corporate income tax rates would also remain the same, as they are not a significant component of general revenues. hile the move to increase the state sales tax would prove unpopular, it would allow New Mexico to build for a more stable budget future, less reliant on federal transfers, while remaining competitive in terms of corporate and personal income taxes.
Appropriations will also need to be cut in order to save money. The main problem with appropriations in the budget is that a looming and unexpected…...

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Works Cited:

Massey, B. (2010). NM revenues weaken, more state budget cuts loom. Business Week. Retrieved December 2, 2010 from  http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9H3JT6G1.htm 

McCaffrey, S. (2010). State budget shortfalls may reach $180 billion this year. Boston Globe. Retrieved December 2, 2010 from  http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2010/01/04/state_budget_shortfalls_may_reach_180_billion_this_year/ 

McNichol, E.; Oliff, P. & Johnson, N. (2010). States continue to feel recession's impact. Center of Budget Policy Priorities. Retrieved December 2, 2010 from  http://www.cbpp.org/cms/?fa=view&id=711 

New Mexico 2011 Budget. Retrieved December 2, 2010 from http://budget.nmdfa.state.nm.us/cms/kunde/rts/budgetnmdfastatenmus/docs/284016296-01-05-2010-09-15-31.pdf

Decreasing purchases of the items that regularly expire, assuming that such a decrease does not dramatically increase the per-unit cost of each of these items, would definitely present a cost savings to the organization. The other major costs that the organization has some (though not total) control over are the lost balls and the cost of trainers; it is likely that a move to hiring permanent trainers would be more cost-effective than hiring them on an as-needed basis, but more regular participation levels will need to be established for this to be effective. Likewise, it is possible for the organization to reduce lost equipment costs by erecting a temporary barrier to contain wildly hit balls, but the cost of the barrier would need to be fairly low and its durability fairly high to justify this.
6)a. Sales price variance = (25x40000) -- (25x39200) = 20000

Sales volume variance = (20x40000) --…...

We do not anticipate success is securing a non-voted debt issue. Given the time frame for the completion of the Commons project, the city will weigh our request vs. The upcoming needs for school repairs and roadwork. Education is a touchstone issue for voters, and roadwork affects all voters in the city. hould council decide to issue any of their remaining non-voted debt capacity, it is unlikely they would choose to use it for the Commons project ahead of those two other priorities.

Voted debt, however, they can issue. If the public votes 60% in favor, council will not face the same concerns about opportunity cost. We will not be competing for money with schools. A voter-approved special levy would function in much the same way (financed through property tax increases) but requires only a 50% vote in favor. Although the capacity for such special levies is only $90 million, that…...

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Sources:

Johnson, Gerry. (2005). New Life Emerges in the Wake of Seattle Commons Failure. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved June 20, 2008 at  http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/opinion/272622_focus04.html 

Jacobson, Arthur Lee. (1995). The Seattle Commons, an Editorial Opinion. Olmsted Parks. Retrieved June 21, 2008 at  http://www.arthurleej.com/a-commons.html 

No author. (1995). The Commons: Time Line. Seattle Times. Retrieved June 21, 2008 at  http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19950911&slug=2141092 

History of Washington State votes at  http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=7536

This contribution to fixed costs is the same for every customer. Thus, the breakeven point is 250,000 / 500 = 500 customers.
In another example, if the price is 200 and the variable costs are 110, and the fixed costs are 100,000, then the breakeven point is 1112 customers. The breakeven point is always rounded up because to have less than that the company would not yet have broken even. By rounding up, the company has officially passed the breakeven point.

4. The relative value scales are 150, 300, 568.75, 264 and 160 for a total of 1442.75

The relative value scales indicate how much effort goes into each type of acuity. The cost per RVU is relative to the total nursing costs, so it is a weighted-average:

$36,389 for Acuity Level 1

$72,777 for Acuity Level 2

$137,974 for Acuity Level 3

$64,044 for Acuity Level 4

$38,814 for Acuity Level 5

If the relative value scales…...

S. This has partially continued during the 90s as well, so protectionist barriers is one of the things Nissan needs to consider when exporting to its main partners.
There are two different actions Nissan may consider in the future in this sense. The first one refers to the fact that Renault, an European company, still holds a significant part of Nissan shares, which may facilitate exports on the European market. On the other hand, trade barriers can generally be avoided by direct implementation in the respective country, a measure which Japanese companies, especially Toyota, have successfully applied in the U.S. during the 80s.

2. Internal competencies

A. General Motor seems to be currently both the most important producer and the sales leader. However, this should come with several amendments. If we are referring to the market leader, there are several criteria worth mentioning. First of all, the number of cars being sold, but…...

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Bibliography

  / www.oanda.com  http://www.nissan-global.com/EN 

The departmental and program breakdown of the information in the city of Detroit's budget does not provide quite the same level of detail or of annual change that the city of Austin's budget does, but this more than made up for by the ease of accessing what details are available, and by the different formats of the two cities' budgets almost necessitate these differences in clarity, but they do not entirely account for the lack of clarity in the city of Austin's budget. That budget is already organized by department and broken down into the individual programs; tabulating the department totals and providing a clear overview of the major expenditure and revenue items on the budget would not have entailed any undue extra effort. The city of Detroit's budget clearly shows that both detail and overall clarity are entirely achievable in a municipal budget, making it both more effective…...

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References

Lee, R.; Johnson, R. And Joyce, P. (2008). Public budgeting systems. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett.

Stenberg, C. (2007). Managing local government services: a practical guide. Washington. D.C.: ICMA.

S. debt.
Conclusion

Health care is a large part of the federal budget and it is increasing in importance. The rate of growth in health care outlays is greater than the rate of growth in the budget itself. The poses a problem, because the federal budget deficit is increasing in size. Debt service is going to be the most rapidly growing component of the federal budget over the next several years, highlighting the need to control costs in all aspects of the budget. The challenge, however, is that both demographic trends and health care cost inflation trends signal a dramatic increase in health care costs in the coming couple of decades. Health care reform is expected to help with cost containment, primarily through shifting some eligibility requirements, but greater solutions are required. Privatizing health care would take if off the government's books, but would have significant negative externalities with respect to public…...

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Works Cited:

Budget of the U.S. Government, fiscal year 2011. Retrieved December 9, 2010 from  http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/budget/fy2011/assets/budget.pdf 

CBO. (2010). HR 4872. Congressional Budget Office. Retrieved December 9, 2010 from  http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/113xx/doc11355/hr4872.pdf 

Klein, E. (2010). Rep. Ryan proposes radical solution to budget problem. Washington Post. Retrieved December 9, 2010 from  http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/02/05/AR2010020504796.html

" (Huang & Chen, 1) This characterization of using the budgetary process to play 'games' carries with it a negative connotation, which is driven by the inherently threatening implications of tying personal income to performance evaluation.
That said, budgetary clarity is among the most important features to creating and implementing an effective plan of operation in any context. This is to argue that there is never an excuse for a failure to properly budget. This is a primary purpose of accounting, which allows an organization to identify those resources and conditions at its disposal and to determine how these can be used to yield functional operation, sustainability and profitability. Though the numbers which are yielded from a projected budget cannot be used as restraints with respect to operational creativity or mutability, these should at least help to establish a plan of action; anticipate certain milestones in the execution of the plan;…...

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Works Cited:

Hope, T. (1997). Competing in the Third Wave. Harvard Business Press.

Huang, C. & Chen, M. (2008). Relationships among budgetary leadership behavior, managerial budgeting games, and budgetary attitudes: Evidence from Taiwanese corporations. ScienceDirect. Online at  http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6W58-4VDSJS0-2&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=987186959&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=570424efa71791707f3c9fc21199de67 

Walker, K.B. & Johnson, E.N. (1999). The effects of a budget-based incentive compensation scheme on the budgeting behavior of managers and subordinates. Journal of Management Accounting Research 11, 1-28.

("ender," 2010)
Evaluate how Public Policy Decisions Affect the Receipt of Revenues

Politics and attitudes about where the various revenues should be spent can create heated amounts of debate. In the case of the Department of Defense, this can mean that periodic reviews could occur that can have an impact upon a host of different spending programs. At the same time, various assessments will take place with Secretary of Defense. Where, they will review the size and necessity of the various bases / personnel. A good example of this can be seen when the Secretary of Defense will recommend various base closures and force adjustments. As politics and changes in the Department's needs / availability of funds will affect what programs are going to receive the most appropriate amount of revenues.

Analyze the Economic Conditions that Affect Revenue Projections

The economic conditions will play a major role in determining how much spending will…...

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Bibliography

Base Closure List. (2005). MSNBC. Retrieved from:  http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7834939/ns/us_news 

The Numbers. (2010). Tax Policy Center. Retrieved from:  http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/briefing-book/background/numbers/revenue.cfm 

Bender, B. (2010). Spending Critic Brown. Boston Globe. Retrieved from:  http://www.boston.com/news/nation/washington/articles/2010/04/08/spending_critic_brown_backs_mass_weapons_bid/ 

Dupy, T. (2010). Defense Secretary Wants Spending Cuts. Huffington Post. Retrieved from:  http://www.huffingtonpost.com/tina-dupuy/defense-secretary-wants-d_b_571906.html

Week 1 Discussion
Decision making in large organizations can be difficult to properly grasp because its characterized by numerous issues that emerge within the organization. Quantitative and qualitative decision making processes in public finance are similar in the sense that they are utilized to analyze data relating to budget management and other relevant issues. These processes in turn help in effective decision-making with respect to the desired objectives. However, quantitative decision-making process is based solely on empirical data while qualitative decision-making is based on a more holistic perspective. An example of qualitative observation is police testing of new, less lethal gun technology through consideration of the cost benefit analysis (CBS, 2015). On the contrary, an example of quantitative observation is the big budget cuts by state leaders through consideration of empirical data (News9.com, 2010).

Quantitative decision-making seemingly takes precedence in budgeting and issues affecting criminal justice agencies. Quantitative decision-making provides the most…...

budgeting management was most helpful to me, I believe, in the sense that it actually helped clarify the various processes about which I wrote, providing me greater conceptual awareness of budget management planning, processes, and content. Of the essays I completed, I must admit that I like various parts of all of them, but feel that my third essay was the best. By then I was more confident about what I was writing. Overall, what I learned from writing all three essays, an insight that will, I believe, remain with me long after this course, is that one learns a great deal more about a subject from writing about it.
My third essay was the best-focused of the three, and most detailed and specific. It was the end result of much thinking I had done. My best sentence, within that essay was (I feel): "The top management, working with the…...