Bribery
What is the difference between lobbying and bribery?

The major difference between lobbying and bribery is that the latter is considered a criminal activity which can lead to massive fines or even jail time depending on the nature and degree of the offense. Lobbying on the other hand is considered legal. Interest groups wish to gain the attention and support of politicians or influential groups, such as the International Olympics Committee or IOC. There is supposed to be a legally determined limit as to the number and value of the contributions that are made by the interest group to those making decisions. Also, any and all contributions must be recorded and reviewed to make sure they are done legitimately. Bribery has none of these sanctions and thus ensures that the person with the deepest pockets is the one who is heard by politicians.

What argument could the SLOC members make that the…...

According to Goodman (2001) American companies recognize that a serious dilemma exist. On the one hand, the laws that govern international business for American companies have declared it illegal to provide bribes and kickbacks. Not only are the companies breaking the law but they are using deceitful tactics to break the law so that they will not get caught. On the other hand, "They are answerable to shareholders on all Street and home offices that demand a piece of an increasingly lucrative Chinese market (Goodman 2001) ." The author explains that in many cases shareholders have expectation that are not realistic. These expectations exist because of the size of the Chinese market and the rate of economic growth that has occurred in the country over the last decade.

This dilemma has proved to be a difficult one for multinational corporations. In the case of China, many have decided that the expectations…...

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Works cited

Bartz, D. (2009) Former Home Depot worker gets jail for kickbacks.  http://www.reuters.com/article/rbssConsumerGoodsAndRetailNews/idUSN1151101120090611 

"bribe." Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. 2009. Merriam-Webster Online. 16 June 2009  http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bribe 

Deontology or Teleology: Ethics Based on Duty or on Consequences.  http://www.uiowa.edu/~c019168/168s6online3.html 

Goodman, P.S. Common in China, Kickbacks Create Trouble for U.S. Companies at Home. Washington Post Foreign Service Monday, August 22, 2005; Page A01

Business Ethics Megacomp
Ethics are play a major role in how an organization carries out its duties and responsibilities. Ethical behavior is a leader driven quality that resonates throughout the company files. By default, the leader of an organization sets the ethical and moral tone of the organization, and will reflect the inner most qualities of the leader.

Ms. Werner, as the CEO of Megacomp, needs to be aware of her role as a leader and that what she says and does will most likely be repeated in other business scenarios. The importance of Ms. Werner's decision regarding what she must tell her division managers regarding the business practices of the Chinese cannot be understated. The important issue dealing with this case is not necessary ethics but more of a practical or moral situation.

Megacomp was created and grew successful under a certain ethical approach. That approach needs to be modified if it…...

A lack of cultural competence can explain the moral binaries that surround American allegations of bribery in cases like that of Ericsson. Bribery is a common and entrenched way of doing business in Asia and Africa: the continents on which the alleged briberies occurred (Turula 1). Bribery is not a black versus white ethical issue, which is why Carroll and Schultz describe it as a “subject of continuing debate, more than any other form of corruption (319). As Carroll and Schultz point out, “some countries of the world continue to assert that [bribes] are culturally obligatory or defensible,” with some businesspeople arguing they are “necessary,” (319). In the Ericsson suit, none of the people suspected of bribery are making any such claims because they are being investigated by the American Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Department of Justice (DOJ), neither of which take kindly to bribery regardless of…...

Illicit finance has come to be a significant issue not only locally, but also internationally. There are numerous delineations of illicit finance, but fundamentally it comes about from the practices, approaches and crimes targeting to transfer financial capital within and out of a nation in violation of national and global laws. Across the world, government administrations are working in tandem and joining forces to combat different illicit financial flows, which include tax evasion, global bribery and money laundering (OECD, 2014). Despite the fact that the precise scale of the problem is unidentified, illicit finance has had shattering and disparaging effects on developing nations. In the recent number of years, nations have executed and put into practice standards and abided by most recommendations provided (OECD, 2014). The fight against illicit finance is largely dependent on the quality of state regulations and whether they abide by the set global best practices. This…...

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References

Gossel, S. (2016). Africa Needs New Ways to Stem Illicit Financial Flows. Eyewitness News. Retrieved from:  http://ewn.co.za/2016/05/10/OPINION-Africa-needs-to-develop-new-ways-to-stem-illicit-financial-flows 

Herkenrath, M. (2014). Illicit Financial Flows and their Developmental Impacts: An Overview. International Development Policy.

OECD. (2014). Illicit Financial Flows from Developing Countries: Measuring OECD Responses. Retrieved from:  https://www.oecd.org/corruption/Illicit_Financial_Flows_from_Developing_Countries.pdf 

The World Bank. (2016). Illicit Financial Flows (IFFs). Retrieved from:  http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/financialmarketintegrity/brief/illicit-financial-flows-iffs

If an employee invokes the www.reference.comGarrity v. New Jersey, 385 U.S. (1967) the rule is most commonly applied to public employees such as police officers.
If a police officer is suspected of taking bribes and is investigated by internal affairs (IA), and he is given a "Garrity" warning by the IA investigator, then admits that he has taken bribes and resigns, he cannot be prosecuted in criminal court on the bribery allegation. The Garrity rule allows the officer to admit wrong-doing to an internal investigative officer utilizing the Garrity rule to obtain information, without being prosecuted for that wrong-doing. Even though the officer may be asked to resign his or her commission or be dismissed, any statements made after invoking Garrity, may only be used for department investigation purposes and not for criminal prosecution purposes. (Hall p. 145)

eferences

Constitution of the United Statse of America. etrieved January 20, 2007 at http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution.

Garrity…...

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References

Constitution of the United Statse of America. Retrieved January 20, 2007 at  http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution .

Garrity Warning. New Jersey Law Enforcement. NJLawman. Retrieved January 30, 2007 at http://www.njlawman.com/Garrity.htm.

Hall, Daniel. Administrative Law: Bureaucracy in a Democracy. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 2006.

Cultural Ethical Variances
The author of this report has been asked to complete a short essay about the differing ethical dimensions that are present in different situations. One can compare and contrast among many different group types and locations. Indeed, the ethics of doing business and giving gifts can vary greatly from country to country, from region to region, from state to state, from city to city or even from business to business in the same general vicinity. The reasons for these variances typically vary based on things like religion, ethnicity, race, age and family status. This report shall explore the differences that exist all within the United States because even the differences in a single country can vary quite a bit. While there are some standards and practices in business that are pretty consistent, not everyone is singing from the same proverbial hymnal when it comes to what is ethical…...

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References

Gilman, S.C. (2005). Ethics codes and codes of conduct as tools for promoting an ethical and professional public service: Comparative successes and lessons.

Retrieved from  http://www.oecd.org/mena/governance/35521418.pdf 

National Conference of State Legislatures. (2013). Ethics: Legislator gift restrictions overview. Retrieved November 19, 2013, from  http://www.ncsl.org/research/ethics/50-state-table-gift-laws.aspx

Siemens AG Scandal
Siemens AG had over one hundred fifty years of experience making business deals internationally by the time it became embroiled in several bribery scandals in 2006. Beginning in the mid-1800s, the company set up products such as telegraph networks and maintenance and initiated business practices such as fixed-hour workdays and employee career training that helped it get ahead. ith a long and solid history as a leading company in Germany and internationally, the accusations against it might seem surprising, but investigators turned up plenty of evidence that Siemens AG had made frequent bribes of foreign officials and businessmen in order to turn business its way. It was also accused of embezzlement and tax evasion. The resulting scandal, which involved authorities in Germany, Switzerland, Greece, the U.S., and other countries, cost Siemens billions of dollars, landed some managers in legal trouble, and harmed Siemens AG's reputation. The Siemens bribery…...

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Works Cited

Agence France-Presse. (July 30, 2008). Siemens Posts Strong Results. Retrieved from the IndustryWeek.com website:  http://www.industryweek.com/articles/siemens_posts_strong_results_16938.aspx 

Deresky, Helen. (2010). International Management: Managing Across Borders and Cultures, 7th edition. Boston, MA: Prentice Hall.

Kaylan, Merlik. (March 24, 2009). Fork Over That Bonus Money. Retrieved from  http://www.forbes.com/2009/03/23/aig-taxpayers-outrage-opinions-columnists-bonus-payments.html 

Vanhonacker, Wilfried R. (2004). Guanxi Networks in China. The China Business Review, May-June, 2004, 48-53. Retrieved from:  http://www.lombardglobal.com/attachments/Guanxi_Networks_in_China.pdf

bribing" unethical and illegal or just a cost of doing business?
Bribery is unethical and illegal in some societies and a regular part of business in others. Whether or not an activity is unethical is largely dependent on the culture, customs, norms, values, and laws of the country where the activity takes place. It's a matter of perspective. When you consider that the act of bribery is intended to supplement the income of underpaid officials or increase the power of a nation's governments, the outcome of the bribe is a negative one. Most economists and ethicists agree that bribery's effects are largely detrimental (Weber and Getz, 2004). If the effect of the act is detrimental, then it can be argued that it is unethical to engage in bribery even if it is only a cost of doing business.

There are different types of corruption: bureaucratic corruption where officials take bribes; political…...

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References

ABC News Productions (2002, November 20). Inside the Kingdom: Saudia Arabia. [Television broadcast]. New York: Nightline.

Gerasimova Ksenia. (2008). Can corruption and economic crime be controlled in developing countries and if so, is it cost-effective? Journal of Financial Crime, 15(2), 223-233. Retrieved January 13, 2011, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID: 1472787421).

Daniels, John, Radebaugh, Lee, Sulliven, Daniel (2010) International Business: Environments and Operations (13th Edition). Place of Publication needs to be inserted here: Prentice Hall.

Weber, J., & Getz, K. (2004). BUY BRIBES OR BYE-BYE BRIBES: THE FUTURE STATUS OF BRIBERY IN INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE. Business Ethics Quarterly, 14(4), 695-711. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.

Other measures can include sanctions against foreign companies that are engaged in bribery. This many motivate the governments of those countries to take stronger measures towards eliminating bribery.
3) There are a couple of reasons I think Starbucks has been so concerned about its corporate social responsibility. One is that it helps cultivate a positive image of the company, which can help to both attract and retain customers. Another reason is that the company comes from a culture in the Pacific Northwest where philanthropy and social responsibility is more accepted in business. This cultural difference may have impacted the overall philosophy of Starbucks with regards to this issue. Also, Starbucks is a high-profile company. They open themselves up to significant negative publicity if they engage in social irresponsible acts. Maintaining a high level of corporate social responsibility is therefore a defense against potentially damaging criticism.

Starbucks' various relationships are generally positive.…...

In a democratic system, whose underlying foundation is a philosophy of independence and equal representation, giving somebody the power to buy political power or interest is unethical. For this reason, must governing boards have codes of ethics that specifically prohibit bribery.
The mayor's proposed plan to lure tourism to igtown is akin to the illegal bribery committed by the SLOC. In other words, what the mayor proposes is to give convention planners government contracts for coming to igtown, which is essentially giving the planners political power not available to the city's citizens. According to the governing rules, this form of political bribery is illegal. If the mayor does go through with this plan, he could be punished with such actions as fines or an impeachment from his position.

ibliography

15 United States Code Sec. 78. (2006): The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.

Longman, Jere. (1999): "Olympics: 2 Officials Quit in Salt Lake City as…...

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Bibliography

15 United States Code Sec. 78. (2006): The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.

Longman, Jere. (1999): "Olympics: 2 Officials Quit in Salt Lake City as Olympic Scandal Details Grow." New York Times.

Transaction Under Each of the Five Ethical Theories
Ethical fundamentalism:

Juanita's behavior is clearly in contravention of a normative code of ethics since each of the world's religions proscribe bribery. The Bible, for instance, as does the Koran goes on in depth about the severity of perverting justice and bring officials or any one involved in the jurisprudence sector.

Utilitarianism

Utilitarianism is somewhat stickier in application. If Juanita's behavior provides the greatest amount of people in her environment with pleasure, she can, consequently, proceed. Utilitarianism is, however, not so clear in this situation for how do you define and set the limits to providing happiness t o the greatest amount of people. Who are the majority in this case? Are they the employees in Giantcorp and the bribed official (as well as recipients who profit from the bribe)? Are they competitors to the company? Are they the specific country? Or are they all…...

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References

EHow.com How to start a construction LLC

http://www.ehow.com/how_5747990_start-construction-llc.html

Employment Law Guide. Safety and Health Standards: Occupational Safety and Health. U.S. Department of Labor.  http://www.dol.gov/elaws/elg/osha.htm 

Federal Laws Prohibiting Job Discrimination. The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.  http://www.eeoc.gov/facts/qanda.html

BRIBERY AS AN ETHICAL ISSUE

Bribery is fundamentally unethical because it is inherently unfair. Regardless of the situation, bribery means that someone is transferring some form of compensation that is not permitted and that necessarily undermines the fair efforts of competitors or the purpose of rules and regulation. Where bribery occurs in connection with gaining an unfair advantage over others (such as bribing a college professor for a good grade), the ethical violation is a function of the fundamental right of others competing for the same goal to achieve it through only legitimate means. The student who bribes a college professor and receives a grade for it harms the other students by lowering the grading curve for everybody. In the long run, many instances of bribery of this kind would also diminish the value of the educational degree from an institution whose reputation as lowered by unqualified graduates who perform less…...

Ethics in elationship to Power Structures
Ethical obligations allegedly breached by Smith or Halloran while in office

Senator Malcolm Smith and New York City Councilman Dan Halloran were accused of attempting to fix the mayoral ballot. They were allegedly reported having exchanged thousands of dollars in cash. This money was intended to pay off the officials of the epublican Party to agree to one of the Democrats, Smith on the GOP line. Halloran demonstrated clear ignorance as he walked into the evil bargain as the confidential witness dangled campaign funds for a personal interest bid. In the context of public ethics, the actions of Smith and Halloran raise questions their principles of justice, democratic society, and common good (Stensota, 2010).

Smith and Halloran must adhere to the principle of ethical policymaking. This principle requires that they hold one another accountable for what they know and value. As such, it draws into play both…...

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References

Cody, J. (2012). Chicago called most corrupt city in the nation. CBS Chicago. Retrieved from  http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2012/02/14/chicago-called-most-corrupt-city-in-nation/ 

Politico. (2013). N.Y. state senator arrested in alleged mayor race plot. Retrieved from  http://www.politico.com/story/2013/04/nyc-mayor-race-rig-malcolm-smith-89536.html 

Stensota, H. (2010). The Conditions of Care: Reframing the Debate about Public Sector Ethics. University of Gothenburg; Blackwell Publishing Limited. Retrieved from http://faculty.cbpp.uaa.alaska.edu/afgjp/PADM601%20Fall%202010/Reframing%20the%20debate%20about%20public%20service%20ethics.

Ventriss, C. (2012). Democratic Citizenship and Public Ethics The Importance of Civic Stewardship in an Era of Public Distrust and Cynicism. Public Integrity, Summer 2012, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 283 -- 297.

campaign financing in the election of judges and cites numerous studies which illustrate correlation between campaign donations and favorable court rulings. The point of the article is to highlight a possibly damaging policy that could be creating a perverse criminal justice system. Skaggs offers a number of solutions to the issue, each of which could conceivably address the problem. The best solution is to make elections dependent upon public financing, which would eliminate Big Money from the process; or it should be necessary for judges to show who has contributed to their election so that bias could be determined by litigants before a case goes to trial. This would ensure that the criminal justice system is kept honorably above board and it would also promote a more Christian sense of propriety on the judiciary's part, as the idea of judges being "bribed" by campaign donors would become obsolete along…...

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References

Confessore, N., Thee-Brenan, M. (2015). Poll shows Americans favor an overhaul of campaign financing. The New York Times. Retrieved from  http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/03/us/politics/poll-shows-americans-favor-overhaul-of-campaign-financing.html?_r=0 

Friedman, B., Lithwick, D. (2009). Speeding Locomotive: Did the Roberts Court misjudge the public mood on campaign finance reform? Slate. Retrieved from  http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/jurisprudence/2010/01/speeding_locomotive.html 

Skaggs, A. (2010). Symposium: Judicial Selection: Part I: Reform: Are campaign contributions compromising the independent judiciary? The Advocate, 40: 1-4.

Tufte, E. (2006). The cognitive style of powerpoint: pitching out corrupts within. CT:

Corruption is rampant in many countries around the world, and it can take many forms.

One common example of corruption is bribery, where individuals in positions of power accept money or gifts in exchange for giving preferential treatment to certain individuals or companies.

Another example is embezzlement, where officials siphon off public funds for personal gain.

Nepotism is also a form of corruption, where individuals in power give jobs or opportunities to family members or friends, rather than based on merit.

These forms of corruption undermine democracy, the rule of law, and economic development, creating a vicious cycle that is....

1. The Impacts of Graft and Corruption on Societal Development

2. Exploring the Causes and Consequences of Graft and Corruption

3. The Role of Institutions in Curbing Graft and Corruption

4. Corruption as a Barrier to Economic Growth: An Analysis of Case Studies

5. Examining the Relationship Between Graft, Corruption, and Political Stability

6. Ethical Dilemmas in Public Service: Understanding Graft and Corruption

7. Corruption and Impunity: The Need for Judicial Reform

8. Anti-Corruption Measures: Evaluating their Effectiveness in Combatting Graft

9. The Role of Civil Society in Combating Graft and Corruption

10. The Fight Against Corruption: Lessons Learned and Future Strategies
11. Uncovering the Hidden Costs of Graft and....

Cultural Differences and Decision-Making in Global Strategic Management

Cultural differences play a significant role in shaping decision-making processes within global strategic management. Understanding and navigating these differences is crucial for organizations operating in an increasingly interconnected world.

1. Definition and Scope of Culture

Culture refers to the shared beliefs, values, norms, and behaviors of a group of people. It encompasses language, religion, education, political systems, and social customs. Cultural differences manifest in various aspects of human behavior, including decision-making.

2. Impact on Information Interpretation

Cultural context influences how individuals interpret and process information. For example, collectivist cultures emphasize group harmony and conformity, while individualistic cultures....

The FIFA Corruption Scandal

The FIFA corruption scandal erupted in 2015, exposing rampant bribery, fraud, and money laundering at the highest levels of international soccer's governing body. The scandal sent shockwaves through the sporting world, leading to numerous arrests, indictments, and resignations.

Corruption at Play

The FIFA scandal involved a network of corrupt officials who used their positions to solicit and receive bribes in exchange for awarding lucrative contracts, such as hosting rights for major tournaments. The bribes were typically paid through offshore accounts and shell companies, making it difficult to trace the illicit funds.

Key Players

Among the central figures in the scandal was....