Body language is a core component of communication. The hearing impaired rely almost exclusively on body language for communication, proving the importance of gestures, posture, eye contact, and other factors. In fact, recent research shows that deaf people adept at sign language "are quicker at recognizing and interpreting body language than hearing non-signers," ("Deaf Sign Language Users Pick Up Faster On Body Language," 2012). The implications for this and related research on the importance of body language for human communication are extensive. For example, reading body language is useful in security-related professions such as airport screening ("Deaf Sign Language Users Pick Up Faster On Body Language," 2012). This is because "language can be expressed by the hands and be perceived through the visual system," ("Deaf Sign Language Users Pick Up Faster On Body Language," 2012). Words are not the only ways by which human beings communicate. According to Gallo (2007),…...

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References

"Deaf Sign Language Users Pick Up Faster On Body Language," (2012). Science Daily. Jan 12, 2012. Retrieved online:  http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120112142243.htm 

Gallo, C. (2007). Body language: A key to success in the workplace. Bloomberg Businessweek. Feb 14, 2007. Retrieved online:  http://finance.yahoo.com/news/pf_article_102425.html 

Reeh, A., Moreno, J., Garcia, M.J., Mota, G.R. & Martinovsky, B. (2009). Body language in intercultural and cross-cultural communication. Proceedings of 16th NIC Conference on Intercultural Communication, Boras, Sweden. Nov. 2009. Retrieved:  http://hdl.handle.net/2320/6584 

Segal, J., Smith, M. & Jaffe, J. (2011). Nonverbal communication: Improving your nonverbal skills and reading body language. Helpguide. Retrieved online:  http://helpguide.org/mental/eq6_nonverbal_communication.htm

On the same token, during an interview an HR Manager might assess a candidate's body language to determine whether or not they are genuinely interested in a position, whether or not they are comfortable during the interview process and even whether or not they may be lying about their answers. This would require skillful mastering of body language analysis but would prove beneficial in selecting the best candidate for a position.

An employee can either boost his/her career or harm it depending on the type of body language they use. If they send the message verbally that they are interested in what their co-workers or managers have to say, but always listen or speak with crossed arms and a slumped over posture, they may actually be sending the message that they are not interested at all and may be viewed as defensive or un-motivated by co-workers or managers.

The body language quiz…...

Mirroring Behavior and the Importance of Postures and Body Position:

One of the most common and fascinating elements of human body language and nonverbal communication has to do with the phenomenon called mirroring. It is very evident during interactions within groups of people, whether in the corporate work environment or in social groups and families. In general, less dominant group members usually copy parts of the body language chosen by the more dominant person. For example, in a corporate boardroom, the most dominant individual is almost always located in a central position or at the head of a conference table. The leader often looks more relaxed and may clasp his hands behind his head with his elbows out while those in more subservient roles may have their hands clasped politely on the table in front of them. Often, others lean back or take sips from their water glasses only after he…...

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REFERENCES

Dutta, M.J. (2007) 'Communicating About Culture and Health: Theorizing Culture-Centered and Cultural Sensitivity Approaches' Communication Theory, Vol. 17 No. 3, pp. 304-328

Gerrig, R, Zimbardo, P. (2005) Psychology and Life. 17th Edition.

New York: Allyn & Bacon.

Hogg, M.A., Reid, S.A. (2006) 'Social Identity, Self-Categorization, and the Communication of Group Norms.' Communication Theory, Vol 16, No. 1, pp. 7-30.

Body Language
Effects of Body Language

Importance of Body language

The Importance of Body Language for Effective Communication

In this paper, we will focus at the importance of body language for the purpose of effective communication. We will discuss many points which will signify the importance of body language for the purpose of more efficient communication but first let's have a look at what it really means.

Body language

"It is the form of communication which is classified as non-verbal." (Body language, 2012). It consists of different sorts of gestures, body postures and facial expressions especially eye movements. These signs are being continuously interpreted by the subconscious of the human mind of any receiver. According to many researches, body language represents the majority of our conversation. "It is also a very important tool which can provide hints to the current state of mind or the attitude of any person." (Changing minds, 2012). This includes judging the…...

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References

Body language. (2012) Retrieved January 7, 2012, from http://www.askwomennet.com/body-language-in-communication.html

Mani, R. (2012). Karmayog. Retrieved January 7, 2012, from  http://www.karmayog.org/careercounselling/careercounselling_7066.htm#.Twf9E2-f1Eg 

Changing minds. (2012) Retrieved January 7, 2012, from  http://changingminds.org/techniques/body/body_language.htm 

Communication theory. (2012) Retrieved January 7, 2012, from  http://communicationtheory.org/body-language/

Body Language
Nonverbal signs comprise the bulk of human communication: 93% according to the film Secrets of Body Language. This film shows how nonverbal communication speaks volumes more than words ever can. The way a person walks, shakes hands, uses eyes, or involuntarily twitches all provide valuable context to the verbal content of what someone is saying.

It is impossible to watch Secrets of Body Language and not become concerned about self-presentation. When a person goes for a job interview, for example, it is important to be aware of body language to convey desirable traits like confidence. The interviewer is often looking more for the nonverbal than for the verbal answers to their questions. This film shows how important it is to master both the art of reading, and using body language to communicate better. Each person should understand that the way they carry themselves, walk, and use facial expressions convey more…...

Body Language
While organizational behaviour is a highly important component of human resource management, communication remains the backbone of effective organizational behaviour and human resource management at large. Knowledge management, workforce motivation and the overall implementation of corporate culture is ineffective and an inefficient without effective communication.

In the past, there has been a lot of emphasis has been placed on communication skills and specially communication in a corporate environment. However, the central focal point usually has been on written communication, methods of communication and language of communication. While both verbal and non-verbal communication are equally important and play their role in the integrity of communication system, written communication is less trickier, as techniques pertaining to writing styles, language and grammar can be taught relatively easily (Lee, 2007). A verbal communication is much trickier and it becomes trickiest when the communication is carried out in a face-to-face setting. This is because,…...

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References

Beattie, G. (2003). Visible Thought: The New Psychology of Body Language. London: Routledge. Retrieved January 15, 2012, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=107449461 

Ellis, D.G. (1999). From Language to Communication (2nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Retrieved January 15, 2012, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=27760963 

Kikoski, J.F. (1999). Effective Communication in the Performance Appraisal Interview: Face-to-Face Communication for Public Managers in the Culturally Diverse Workplace. Public Personnel Management, 28(2), 301. Retrieved January 15, 2012, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001315702 

Lee, L. (2007). Fostering Second Language Oral Communication through Constructivist Interaction in Desktop Videoconferencing. Foreign Language Annals, 40(4), 635+. Retrieved January 15, 2012, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5037637394

Kinesics Observations
I observed a young family at a restaurant: the family consisted of a mother, a father, and three small children, ages 3, 2, and 1 respectively. The family was seated at a booth in a pizza parlor and used a number of different gestures throughout their meal and conversation.

The father used emblems with the children, giving the "thumbs up" sign several times -- so often in fact that it became aggravating to his wife, whose facial expressions signaled that she wanted him to stop making the thumbs up sign. Her agitation was an affect display represented by a frown -- and her frown led to his frown -- and their frowns caused the oldest of the young children to frown and to point his finger in a scolding manner: the child's frown and pointed finger was accompanied by the words, "Stop it now! You two stop!" which made the…...

Ethography of Gay Mating Rituals
I took advantage of a recent weekend trip to New York City to conduct this ethogram. I wished to study behavioral interactions among men who are sexually attracted to other men: for this purpose I had a guide, whom I will call (at his request) by the pseudonym "Sebastian Melmoth," who volunteered to take me to a bar/club where he said that such behavioral interactions would be most easily studied. The bar/club is called "The Cock" -- there is no actual name painted on the front of the establishment, merely a window with a glowing red neon rooster advertising the pun in the name. The outside of the building is drab and industrial-looking. Two very large bouncers guard the metal doors to take a $10 "cover charge" from anyone entering. Once inside, "Sebastian" explained to me the layout. The space is a large open loft-like space,…...

Hitler gestures are emotional and unpredictable, rather than designed to hit home certain intellectual or even rhetorical points.
This excess of emotion found in Hitler's body language, combined with his total conviction in his words that is underlined in his gesture, is the most striking clue of what was to come in Germany. There is no rationality evident even in the physical dramatization of his speech. However, this is not to say that the entire National Socialist legacy is evident in Hitler's body language, because there is also something 'weak' about his lack of commanding stasis. He gyrates in front of the podium, virtually frothing at the mouth. He begs the audience to listen to him as he calls to them, making far-flung gestures, rather than has confidence they will listen to his words on their merit, and his merit as a leader alone....

Cinema as art serves several functions, not least of which is visual impact. Yet because motion pictures are inherently multimedia, soundscape, theater, and writing converge with the elements of visual cinematography and mis-en-scene. Film is often dichotomized, placed into an artificial binary of art films versus films made for a popular audience and designed for entertainment. However, many movies in the history of cinema prove that the line between art and entertainment is at its blurriest with filmmaking. Some films have also reached the level of being considered "classics," either in their specific genre or in the gamut of filmmaking. One of those films is the original 1922 version of Nosferatu. Directed by F.. Murnau, the 1922 film Nosferatu exemplifies surreal and haunting cinematography, deft use of timing, pacing, and editing, as well as integration of sonic elements.
Murnau's Nosferatu has been called the "best and most artistically-realized" film about vampires…...

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Works Cited

Ebert, Roger. "Nosferatu." Retrieved online: http://www.ebertfest.com/three/3nosferatu_rev.htm

Leavy, Bill. "Nosferatu: Murnau's use of expressionism in his film. SUNY Albany. 24 April 1985. Retrieved online:  http://www.academia.edu/2205991/NOSFERATU_Murnaus_Use_of_Expressionism_in_his_Film 

Murnau, F.W. Nosferatu. [Film]. Available: https://archive.org/details/Phantasmagoriatheater-Nosferatu1922909

Vacche, Angela Dalle. Cinema and Painting. University of Texas Press.

Language & Community
How Language Circumscribes the World and Defines Community

The famous philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein wrote, "The limits of my language mean the limits of my world." Wittgenstein used his language to make this profound statement packed with a depth of meaning. Language, whether it is written language, spoken language, body language or sign language, is a fundamental aspect to the human condition. Language permits us to communicate with others, which is also a vital part of being human. Language also makes possible thought, speech, and writing. Without language, it would be exceedingly difficult for people to have relationships. Language comes in various forms and in huge varieties. Language additionally is a critical and prominent aspect to the definition of a culture. Every culture and subculture has characteristics that distinguish it as such; language is a characteristic at the forefront of defining or circumscribing cultures and communities. This paper will reflect…...

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References:

Bucholtz, M. (1999) "Why be normal?": Language and identity practices in a community of nerd girls. Language in Society, 28(2), 203 -- 223.

Eckert, P., & McConnell-Ginet, S. (19992) Think Practically and Look Locally: Language and Gender as Community-Based Practice. Annual Review of Anthropology, 21, 461 -- 490.

Garrod, S., & Doherty, G. (1994) Conversation, co-ordination and convention: an empirical investigation of how groups establish linguistic conventions. Cognition, 181 -- 215.

Ochs, E. (1993) Constructing Social Identity: A Language Socialization Perspective. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 26(3), 287 -- 306.

Language/Identity
Language and Identity

A large part of culture has to do with the language that people speak. It is a unifying concept that allows a group of people to identify one another as belonging to the same group. It does matter how the group is bounded, usually more by geographical bounds than ethnic of racial, it matters more how the person related to the world through the spoken word. This paper looks at the culture of the Caribbean, especially those people who were brought to the region as slaves from the African continent, and how they have maintained their identity through the commonality of language.

Many examples exist in literature that solidify the notion that language and identity are very closely intertwined. As a matter of fact, one author states "Language and identity are inseparable. The quest for identity is another prevalent concern in Caribbean literature" (Dance 5). hy is it such…...

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Works Cited

Bennett-Coverly, Louise. "Colonization in Reverse." 1966. Web.

Dance, Daryl Cumber. Fifty Caribbean Writers: A Bio-Bibliographic-Critical Sourcebook. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1986. Print.

Morris, Mervyn. "On Reading Miss Lou Seriously." Caribbean Quarterly 28.1/2 (1982): 44-56.

Narain, Denise DeCaires. Contemporary Caribbean women's Poetry: Making Style. London: Routledge, 2002. Print.

Language Autism
Language and children with autism:

Sources of cognitive deficits

Deficits in language development are one of the most commonly-noted, early signs a child may be autistic. Autistic children often fail to meet appropriate developmental milestones in language. High-functioning autistics or individuals with Asperger's Syndrome usually do not show developmental delays in using language, but may communicate in an inappropriate manner. "Autism is diagnosed on the basis of three primary areas of impairment: social functioning, language and communication, and repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests or activities...esearch on autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders suggests that the social and communication impairments are unique and specific deficits, that define the autism phenotype" (Tager-Flusberg 2006).

The extent to which social and communicative impairments in autism are interlinked remains hotly debated. It is generally agreed upon and noted by researchers and parents alike that there is a wide spectrum of difference in terms of language deficits…...

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References

ABA therapy. (2011). Bright Tots. Retrieved November 1, 2011 at  http://brighttots.com/aba_therapy.html 

Engaging with the self. (2011). Bio Portfolio. Retrieved November 1, 2011 at  http://www.bioportfolio.com/resources/pmarticle/86890/Engaging-With-The-Self-Mirror-Behaviour-In-Autism-Down-Syndrome-And-Typical.html 

Schoenstadt, Arthur. (2011). Language development in autistic children emedtv.

Retrieved November 1, 2011 at http://autism.emedtv.com/autism/language-development-in-autistic-children.html

Language and Literacy
Every workplace without exception relies on language as a primary means of communication. Therefore, all types of literacy are required in order for an organization to function properly. The different types of literacy range from multicultural awareness to written language to public speaking. For the purposes of this project, I examined and analyzed several different workplace environments for their usage of language and their different literacy demands. My personal workplace environment is a high-stress, hustle-and-bustle office. Phones are ringing constantly throughout the day, memos are being circulated on a near-daily basis, and most employees need to be familiar with company literature including quarterly financial reports. In addition to the rigors of interpersonal communication, which entails informal as well as formal conversations, we deal with inter-office communications with those who work at remote office locations, with offices located abroad, with clients, and with various others with which we do…...

Language Diversity and Education by Carlos J. Ovando, the author makes the point that the language diversity present in the United States has significant implications for all teachers and all students. He emphasizes the importance of both a person's first language and the dominant language in a culture. He notes the complexity of learning a second language: in addition to the cognitive mastery of vocabulary and grammar involved, fluency in a language involves discourse (structure of paragraphs and larger chunks of written language); appropriateness (adjusting language to the social setting); paralinguistics (body language, gestures, volume, pitch, etc.); and pragmatics (cultural norms involving language, subtle conversation skills). Even though ESL students may seem to be learning English rapidly, those language skills may be largely social and inadequate t the cognitive demands made on it in a classroom.
Ovando gave examples of true dialects in the United States -- creoles, or combinations of…...

Nonverbal Communication: A Cross-Cultural Perspective

Nonverbal communication, often referred to as body language, is a form of expression that conveys messages without the use of words. It includes gestures, facial expressions, posture, and eye contact. Nonverbal communication plays a vital role in human interaction, conveying emotions, attitudes, and intentions. However, its significance and interpretation can vary widely across different cultures. This essay delves into the intricacies of nonverbal communication in various cultures, exploring how cultural factors influence the way people communicate nonverbally and the implications for cross-cultural communication.

1. Greetings:
Greetings set the tone for any interaction and often involve nonverbal cues.....

## Thesis Statement:

Professional communication, encompassing both content and presentation, plays a pivotal role in effective knowledge dissemination, fostering meaningful interactions, and establishing credibility and trust among diverse audiences.

## Elaborated Thesis Statement:

1. Content:

- Thoughtful Construction: Professional communication demands the crafting of well-structured, coherent, and informative content.
- Accuracy and Credibility: Ensuring accuracy, currency, and reliability of information enhances the credibility and trustworthiness of the communicator.
- Audience-Centric Approach: Tailoring content to the specific interests, knowledge level, and needs of the target audience maximizes engagement and comprehension.
- Clarity and Conciseness: Utilizing clear, concise, and jargon-free language ensures that the intended....

1. The impact of childhood traumas on adult mental health
2. The role of genetics in determining personality traits
3. The effects of social media on self-esteem and body image
4. The psychology of addiction and recovery
5. The relationship between mental health and physical health
6. The influence of gender roles on mental well-being
7. The connection between mindfulness and mental health
8. The psychology of motivation and goal-setting
9. The effects of childhood bullying on long-term mental health
10. The psychology of decision-making and biases in judgment
11. The role of attachment styles in romantic relationships
12. The impact of technology on cognitive development in children
13. The psychology of....

Topic Idea 1: Primate Social Structure and Hierarchies

- Discuss the diverse social structures observed in primate species, ranging from egalitarian to strictly hierarchical systems.
- Analyze the factors contributing to the formation and maintenance of social hierarchies in primates, such as dominance, kinship, and alliances.
- Explore the mechanisms used by primates to communicate social status, such as vocalizations, body language, and facial expressions.
- Investigate the implications of social hierarchies on the behavior, mating strategies, and reproductive success of individual primates.

Topic Idea 2: Primate Communication and Language

- Discuss the various modes of communication employed by primates, including vocalizations, gestures, facial expressions, and....