" e) Develops abilities the first child doesn't exhibit. f) if the first child is successful, they may feel uncertain of themself and their abilities. g) May be rebellious. h) Often doesn't like their position. i) Feels "squeezed," if a third child is born. j) May push down other siblings (Birth, 5).
Laterborns tend to use low-power strategies, such as whining, pleading, humor, social intelligence, offers of reciprocal altruism, and, whenever expedient, appealing to parents for help. Two or more laterborns may also join forces against the firstborn, or laterborns may team up with their elder siblings in an effort to dominate their juniors (Sulloway, 2001, p. 47)

Middle Children

Middle children may not employ the oldest's rank and strategies for success. Neither can they use the youngest's ploys to gain approval and power. To make their way in the world they must be more diplomatic and skilled at negotiation, peacemaking and compromise.…...

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References

Birth order. (2007). Child Development. Retrieved June 9, 2007 at  http://www.childdevelopmentinfo.com/development/birth_order.htm 

Blanchard, Ray. 1997. "Birth Order and Sibling Sex Ratio in Homosexual vs. Heterosexual Males and Females," Annual Review of Sex Research, 8, 27-67.

Conley, D. (2004). The Pecking Order: Which Siblings Succeed and Why. New York, Pantheon.

Dattner, B. (2007). Birth Order and Personality in the Workplace. New York:.Dattner Consulting, LLC.  http://www.dattnerconsulting.com/presentations/birthorder.pdf .

Once I went to school, I became more comfortable around other children my age. Still, all through school I remember my peers saying I talked like an adult and knew many words they had never heard of. This was not deliberate because I preferred to fit in with my peers, but, as Adler points out (in Stein), an only child will often talk more like an adult because he or she communicates more with adults than with peers.
Socially, I remember always being very independent, and not wanting, or needing, to have a lot of people around me. Sometimes I actually disliked having people around, especially uninvited ones. I liked doing things by myself, and still do. I did have friends, but never a lot of them; it was more like one at a time. My best friend (was when I was about eight or nine years old) was a…...

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Works Cited

Baydar, N. "A Longitudinal Study of the Effects of the Birth of a Sibling During the First 6 Years of Life." Journal of Marriage & the Family, 59 (1997) 939-956.

Birth Order." Gale Encyclopedia of Psychology. Retrieved June 18, 2005, at   html>.http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g2699/is_0003/ai_2699000393/pg_2 

Birth Order Dynamics and Response to Stress." Oriental Tree: The Healing

Arts. Retrieved June 19, 2005, from: htmhttp://www.littletree.com.au/birthorder

In a within-family design, 96 undergraduate and graduate students rated themselves and their siblings on a 12-item extraversion scale taken from the NEO-Five-Factor Inventory. One-sample tests revealed, as predicted that first-borns rated significantly higher than later-borns on the facet of dominance and later-borns rated significantly higher on the facet of sociability." (2006)
The work entitled: "Tracking the Elusive Human, Vol. II: Reading: Type and Genetics from Chapter 13" states the fact that considerable evidence exists that "whatever the biological foundations to introversion and extraversion are, they have a genetic basis." (nd) it is pointed out that the studies of Sheldon "in which the trunk index remain constant are a good indication of this. And they can be complemented by Susan Faber's "Identical Twins Reared Apart'. (nd) it is further related that in 1956 Eysenck "in a study of identical and paternal twins, found that identical twins resembled each other more…...

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Bibliography

Beck, Emma; Brunet, Katrina L.; and Vospher, Jane (2006) Birth-Order Effects on Facets of Extraversion. Personality and individual differences 2006. vol. 40 No. 5.

Bostrom, Robert N.; Prather, J. Mark; and Harrington, Nancy Grant (2007)Birth Order and Communicative Behavior University of Lexington Kentucky. Online available at  http://www.uky.edu/~bostrom/BIRTH12.htm 

Cranton, P. & Knoop, R. (May 1995), "Assessing Jung's Psychological Types: The PET Type Check," Genetic, Social & General Psychology Monographs, 121, 2, p. 249

Kagan, Jerome (1998), Personality Development, Gale Encyclopedia of Childhood Adolescence. Gale Research

irth Order and Psychology
In previous years there have been quite a bit of research conducted on the subject of birth order and personality. However research on this matter has declined in at least the last 10 to 20 years. In all regards, it is the common perception that people who are first-born have the strongest disposition and have leadership tendencies. Research also tends to point out that children who are first-born usually have greater achievements in their professional careers. y the same token, these students are also more likely to have more mental disturbances than their younger siblings (Nyman). There are conflicting results as to the popularity factor concerning the first born. Some researchers content that the first-born are generally more popular, thus more out-going. While others contend that the first-born are less popular -- and perhaps more stand-offish (Nyman).

Children who are classified as the middle child are said to…...

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Bibliography

Beck, Linda. "Birth Order Blues." How Parents Can Help Their Children Meet the Challenge of Their Birth Order." Library Journal. New York. May 15, 1999.

Jessica. Rodriguez, Geraidine, Johnson et al. Journal of Instructional Psychology. "Significant Variables Associated With Assertiveness Among Hispanic College Women." Spring 2001. P184-191.

Nyman, Lawrence. "The Identification of Birth Order and Personality Attributes." Journal of Psychology. Jan. 1995. P51-66.

Veronie, Linda and Fruehstorfer, David. "Gender Birth Order and Family Role Identification Among Adult Children of Alcoholics." Slippery Rock University. Current Psychology, Spring 2001.P53-67.

Birth Order and Juvenile Delinquency
Psychologists have long studied the effects of birth order on a person's personality. Sigmund Freud, for example, believed that "the position of a child in the family order is a factor of extreme importance in determining the shape of his later life" (cited in Sulloway 1996: 468n).

The rest of social sciences, however, have been slower to accept such a sociobiological approach, preferring instead to explain social attitudes as a result of determinants like race, gender, age or class.

This paper examines whether this sociobiological approach holds true in the field of juvenile crime. Specifically, the paper examines whether birth order is a significant determinant in whether or not a young person commits crimes and in the rates of juvenile recidivism.

To examine this relationship, this paper takes an interdisciplinary approach to the issue of birth order and juvenile delinquency, drawing on diverse literature from fields including psychology, law,…...

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Works Cited

Carlson, L., & Kangun, N. "Demographic discontinuity: Another explanation for consumerism?" The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 22(1), 1988: Proquest Resource.

Freese, Jeremy et al. "Rebel Without a Cause Effect." American Sociological Review, 64(2), April 1999. Proquest Resource.

Hrdy, Sarah Blaffer and Debra S. Judge. "Darwin and the Puzzle of Primogeniture." Human Nature 4:1-45, 1993.

Moore, K.K. And J.A. Cox. "Doctor, laywer...or Indian chief? The effects of birth order." Baylor Business Review. Winter 1990. Proquest Resource.

Birth Order on Such Factors as Personality
Several people are aware of the expression "birth order" but they have not comprehended what it really connotes, hence allow us to begin with a fundamental description. (Understanding Birth Order: Part I: An Overview) Birth order is a theory that has been deliberated since the last so many years and it is believed to contribute in the manner in which individuals act. A lot of attributes are available related to the order a person is born. (The Effects of Birth Order on Procrastination) Birth order implies the number within the household, which the child takes during the period of his or her birth. A child might be the eldest, the middle, and the youngest or somewhere within that.

Indeed, the likelihood are never-ending, however, on the whole, the positions which are deliberated in majority of the cases are oldest, middle and youngest. These are…...

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Works Cited

Adams, Leslie. The Effects of Birth Order on Procrastination. Retrieved from Accessed on 10 December, 2004http://clearinghouse.mwsc.edu/manuscripts/14.asp

Bartell, Susan S. Understanding Birth Order: Part I: An Overview.

Retrieved from Accessed on 10 December, 2004http://www.havinganotherbaby.com/articles/birthorder.html

Birth Order and Intelligence: Can You Relate? Retrieved from Accessed on 10 December, 2004http://www.mwsc.edu/psychology/research/psy302/fall95/lowery.htm

birth order in children and how they communicate with their parents. Specifically, it will discuss why children talk to their parents in different ways because of their birth order. To get a good grasp of this the paper will explain the specific characteristics of the children. Many researchers believe that where we are born in a family will continually influence how we develop throughout our lives. Birth order certainly can create different behaviors in children, including how they communicate with their parents. Birth order is not the only influence on our personalities, but it is a compelling influence almost from the moment we are born.
Birth order is an important quality in the overall makeup of a child's personality and how they deal with the world. Where a child fits into the family can affect the rest of his or her life, and it can have a lot to do…...

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References

Alder, Alfred. "Adlerian Overview of Birth Order Characteristics." Alfred Alder Institutes. 2004. 5 March 2004. http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/hstein/birthord.htm

Cunningham-Blanke, Adrienne. "Birth Order." iVenus.com. 2001. 5 March 2004. http://www.ivenus.com/relationships/issues/SR-relative_issues-wk52.asp

Editors. "Birth Order." University of Maine. Jan. 2001. 5 March 2004. http://www.umext.maine.edu/onlinepubs/PDFpubs/4359.pdf

Isaacson, Cliff. "Marriage and Birth Order." BirthOrderPlus.com. 2002. 5 March 2004. http://www.birthorderplus.com/birthorder/marriage.html

This bleak outlook, Adler suggests, is the personality response to a sense of inequality within the family.
Moving on to a consideration of the youngest child in a family of three, Adler contends that though this child never knows what it is to be the only focal point of his or her parent's affections, he or she will come to experience parental attention and affection which is never displaced by the arrival of another child. This means that for the youngest child, the experience is often one of sustained emotional connection to the parents which may not otherwise be felt by the other two children. As Adler contends, this may have the consequence of actually retarding development of the youngest child, who may either be so emotionally or materially spoiled as to constantly lean on parental generosity as a crutch during adult life. (Boeree, 1)

Adler denotes that the middle child…...

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Works Cited:

Boeree, C.G. (2006). Alfred Adler. Personality Theories. Online at  http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/adler.html 

Wikipedia. (2010). Alfred Adler. Wikimedia, Ltd. Inc.

Much research has been written on how birth order affects family relationships. In terms of esteem, view of the family dynamic, and one’s ability to enter successfully into romantic relationships, birth order has been found to play a significant role (Kidwell, 1981; Kidwell, 1982; Schilling, 2001). The purpose of this paper is to examine social, mental and biological factors of birth order while also examining an individual’s position in the family and how it may have an impact on behavior and personality. Birth order refers to the numerical position of a person who is born in a family (Schilling, 2001). For the purposes of this paper, the discussion will focus primarily on three groups—first born, middle born, and last born. These three groups comprise three distinct experiences of place within the family context. The eldest born is the first child: he has no older siblings from whom to get an example.…...

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References

Kidwell, J. S. (1981). Number of siblings, sibling spacing, sex, and birth order: Their effects on perceived parent-adolescent relationships. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 315-332.

Kidwell, J. S. (1982). The neglected birth order: Middleborns. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 225-235.

Rohrer, J. M., Egloff, B., & Schmukle, S. C. (2015). Examining the effects of birth order on personality. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(46), 14224-14229.

Schilling, R. M. (2001). The effects of birth order on interpersonal relationships. The McKendree College Journal of Undergraduate Research, 1, 1-12.

Sulloway, F. J. (2001). Birth order, sibling competition, and human behavior. In Conceptual challenges in evolutionary psychology (pp. 39-83). Springer, Dordrecht.

First borns experience being the youngest child in the family and last borns eventually experience being the only child remaining in the family; middle children never have any of the benefits of only children or youngest children. As a result, middle children tend to seek attention more than either first borns or last borns, even to the extent of criminal deviance (Gerrig & Zimbardo, 2008; Kluger, 2007).
The Theoretical Basis of Birth Order Influence

The three main explanations for the influence of birth order on human personality development are (1) physiological factors, (2) better access to parental resources, and (3) the cognitive effects of their experiences as only children first and then as surrogate parents (in many respects) to their younger siblings (Hockenbury & Hockenbury, 2007). According to physiologists, mother's milk is richest in nutrients and beneficial growth factors after their first pregnancy and their testosterone level highest during gestation. Behaviorists…...

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References:

Gerrig, R., and Zimbardo, P. (2008). Psychology and Life. New York: Allyn & Bacon.

Hockenbury, D., and Hockenbury, S. (2007). Discovering Psychology. New York:

Worth Publishing.

Kluger, J. "The power of birth order" Time; October 17, 2007.

Mothers and newborns are often separated shortly after delivery, and preterm infants are isolated from their mothers even more than full-term mothers. Some physicians stress that during the period shortly after birth, the parents and newborn need to form an emotional attachment as a foundation for optimal development in years to come.
The extreme form of the bonding hypothesis-that the newborn must have close contact with the mother in the first few days of life to develop optimally-simply is not true. Nonetheless, the weakness of the bonding hypothesis should not be used as an excuse to keep motivated mothers from interacting with their newborns. Such contact brings pleasure to many mothers and in some mother-infant pairs-including pretem infants, adolescent mothers, and mothers from disadvantaged circumstances-early close contact may establish a climate for improved interaction after the mother and infant leave the hospital.

Reflection

Birt is the complete expulsion or extraction from the…...

Some have speculated that the work may have been commissioned by one of those families, and that the work was stored in a private residence, as opposed to being on display (the Birth, No date).
In its historical context, Birth of Venus is important because it gives us a glimpse into the Italian psychology at the time. The painting shows that even as the church tried to exert total influence in Italy, the people had not completely forgotten their old traditions and still thought fondly about the days of Rome. Because so many pagan-themed paintings were destroyed by the Catholic church, Birth of Venus also allows us to consider the other great works of pagan art from the 15th century that we will never get to see.

Conclusion

Birth of Venus by Sandro Botticelli is an important work in the study of art. This late-15th century painting reflects the struggle many Italian…...

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Works Cited

Art archive: Venus (No date). Retrieved March 29, 2007, at http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/mythology/images/venus_art_archive.html.

The Birth of Venus: Spring (No date). Retrieved March 29, 2007, at  http://www.bergerfoundation.ch/Sandro/44venusprintemps_english.html .

Botticelli (2002). Retrieved March 28, 2007, at http://www.loggia.com/art/renaissance/botticelli02.htm.

Botticelli, Sandro, real name Alessandro di Mariano Filipepi (No date). Retrieved March 27, 2007, at  http://www.latifm.com/artists/Botticelli_Sandro.html .

"
Viewed from the perspective of the ideal, however, there appears to be an inherent contradiction in Sanger's view that a woman's eyes should be "more clearly upon what should be," and her argument that it is utopian to expect that birth control can equally be the concern of man. Sanger's observation that women are too inclined to follow in the footsteps of men and that they need to understand that their mission should really be to "create a human world by the infusion of the feminine element" is a valid one. Therefore, her conclusion that a good beginning would be for woman to assume the responsibility for birth control is rather surprising. for, surely insisting that a man assume equal responsibility for the decision to bring a child into the world would be the logical start to infusing a feminine spirit into a male dominated world?

eferences

Sanger, M. (1920). Birth Control…...

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References

Sanger, M. (1920). Birth Control - a Parents' Problem or Woman's? Woman and the New

Race. New York: Brentano, p. 93-100.

Birth to Three Special Needs Brochure
Early Intervention and Early Detection

Georgia's Babies Can't Wait Program

The Babies Can't Wait (BCW) program in the State of Georgia is the service delivery system for children between birth and three years of age who have developmental delays or a disability (GDPH, 2012). Once a child has been referred to the BCW program, either by a family member or physician, the parents are contacted within a few days to schedule an initial interview (GDH, 2005). During the interview parents are given information about BCW services, are asked to sign consent forms, and if the child is determined to be eligible an evaluation is scheduled. The evaluation is conducted by a team of at least two multidisciplinary professionals with training and experience in early childhood education, early childhood special education, occupational therapy, physical therapy, speech-language pathology, nursing, and/or nutrition (GDH, 2005).

The Value of Early Intervention

Historically, children between…...

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References

GDHR (Georgia Department of Human Resources). (2005). Frequently asked questions for physicians: Getting started with Babies Can't Wait. Health.State.GA.U.S.. Retrieved 23 Aug. 2013 from  http://www.health.state.ga.us/pdfs/familyhealth/FAQ%20for%20Physicians%20-%20Getting%20Started%20for%20web.pdf .

GDPH (Georgia Department of Public Health). (n.d.). Babies Can't Wait: Frequently asked questions. Health.State.GA.U.S.. Retrieved 23 Aug. 2013 from  

Birth of Christianity
Institution of Learning

Course Code / Title

The inception of Christianity and its dominance in the west resulted from various actors within the oman Empire that helped attain its imperial position. The Constantinian Dynasty for instance is one prime moment that Christianity was born and nurtured within the oman Empire. When Constantine became the Emperor in 4th century he worked tirelessly to ensure that Christianity becomes a dominant religion. For instance, it is said that Christ appeared to Constantine and commanded him to place Christian signs on all weapons of his army (McKay et al., 2011). Accordingly, when his army used these weapons, he managed to defeat his enemies; he believed that he was armed with holy power. He eventually became the sole western Emperor.

Constantine was baptized and wholly supported Christianity with zeal. Furthermore he decreed that victories in the subsequent wars were owed to the god of Christianity thereby…...

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References

Garfield, N. (2001). Echoes from the Past: World History to the 16th Century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited.

McKay, J.P., Bennett DH, Buckler J., Beck, R.B., Ebrey, P.B., and Crowston, C.H. (2011). A History of World Societies, Volume 2: Since 1450. London: Bedford/St. Martin's.