Hash Values in Digital Forensics Introduction
Hash values denote condensed representations of digitized or binary content within digital material; however, they offer no additional information pertaining to the contents of any material interpretable by an individual. Moreover, the hash function is algorithms that convert variable-sized text quantities into hash values (which are fixed-sized outputs). Also called “cryptographic hash functions,” they facilitate the development of digital signatures, short textual condensations, and hash tables for the purpose of analysis (Fang et al., 2011; Kumar et al., 2012). In this paper, hash functions and their significance will be addressed.
Description
H (hash function) represents a transformation taking variable-sized input „m? and returning fixed-sized strings (h or hash value; i.e., h = H (m)) (Kumar et al., 2012). The hash functions possessing only the above property can be put to various broad computational uses; however, when applied to cryptography, they normally possess a few extra properties.
The fundamental prerequisites…...

Introduction Sareen (2014) describes biometrics as the technology or the science that determines and assesses biological data. Biometrics is measurable behavioral and physiological characteristics applicable in the verification process of people’s identity (Sareen, 2014). In layman terms biometrics may be understood as a science that involves measuring behavioral and physical characteristics unique to an individual (Xiao, 2007). Biometrics verifies that any person is who they claim to be. The term biometrics refers to life measurements although the terms have been associated with the unique physiological qualities used in identifying a person. Biometric applications are often associated with security. However, the identification of the unique human characteristics scientifically has broader meaning and relevance bearing in mind that computer interface has become increasingly natural (Sareen, 2014).
Jaiswal (2011) describes biometric as any robust, measurable, physical, and distinctive personal traits or characteristic of individuals usable in their identification or verification of their claimed identities. There…...

Identification Methods
In a physical security system, there are a number of different ways to identify employees for the purpose of granting them different levels of access to parts of a facility. In many instances, a combination of methods will be used for maximum effectiveness. Passcards are usually one of the lowest levels of identification. They are easy to create and implement, but they have a key weakness in that they are transferrable. As such, a passcard offers only the lowest level of security.

Because of this, security professionals look at things that are unique to an individual, but are not transferable. This typically involves some form of biometrics -- retina scans, iris texture scans, fingerprints, facial recognition, voice recognition or even the shape of your ear (Moren, 2014). Things like body shape and gait recognition have also been explored, as a means of identifying a person based on what are presumed…...

mla

References

Boulgouris, N., Hatzinakos, D. & Plataniotis, K. (2005). Gait recognition: A challening signal processing technology for biometric identification. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine. Retrieved April 12, 2016 from  http://www.comm.toronto.edu/~kostas/Publications2008/pub/60.pdf 

DeChant, T. (2013). The boring and exciting world of biometrics. Nova Next. Retrieved April 12, 2016 from  http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/next/tech/biometrics-and-the-future-of-identification/ 

Moren, D. (2014). 7 surprising biometric identification methods. Popular Science. Retrieved April 12, 2016 from  http://www.popsci.com/seven-surprising-biometric-identification-methods 

Zhu, Y., Tan, T. & Wang, Y. (2000). Biometric personal identification based on handwriting. National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition. Retrieved April 12, 2016 from  http://www.cbsr.ia.ac.cn/publications/yzhu/Biometric%20Personal%20Identification%20Based%20on%20Handwriting.pdf

Security Technology in Next Five Years
Globally security concerns have placed great pressure on the survival of human life and had threatened the daily life, confidence and dignity of societies at large. To resolve the security concerns and overcome with this disastrous obstacles, security technological advancements have been made in many facets. Human life is playing its vital role in moving the world to a secure place where families, businesses, trade, educational system, media, governance, art and science thus all fields of life is affected by the security concerns (Sen, 2002). Now the big question here is how technological development can contribute towards the security concerns especially in the areas of biometrics, forensics and physical security.

Although, there has been intensive increase in human security as the consequences of technological development, the historical background of technology has not rooted much confidence in the societies that further technological development will reduce the…...

mla

References

Magarinos, C. (2001) Human Security and Science and Technology. Inauguration Statement of the UNIDO Director-General, 10 October, 2001. United Nations Industrial Development Organization.

McGinn, R (1991) Science, Technology and Society. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Paris, R. (2001). Human security: paradigm shift or hot air?,International Security, retrieved July 21, 2011 from  http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/016228801753191141 

Sen, K. (2002). Basic Education and Human Security. Report of the Kolkata Meeting in Commission on Human Security Bangkok, Thailand. Compiled by Center for Social Development Studies, Faculty of Political Science, Chulalongkorn University. Retreived on July 21, 2011 from  http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/human_secu/sympo0007_s.html

advances in technology. The Internet has brought the idea of instantaneous global communication to a reality; smaller and smarter chips are now included in inexpensive Smart Phones, and our ability to understand and manipulate data has vastly increased. New technologies can certainly offer law enforcement a number of new tools that aid in their job. Essentially, these can be divided into different segments, all of which are useful during different situations:
Aviation Technology -- Helicopters and light planes have both improved and become more cost effective, although they are still more appropriate for larger urban areas. They are able to help with traffic issues, and with the addition of cameras and nigh vision, help track suspects or increase surveillance on large events or potential gang related activities. They are also able to be equipment with special weapons (SWAT), firefighting, and emergency medical equipment (Langton, 2009).

Biometrics -- Biometrics is a rapidly…...

mla

REFERENCES

Communications Technology. (2007, November 13). Retrieved from National Institue of Justice:  http://www.nij.gov/topics/technology/communication/welcome.htm 

Types of Less Lethal Devices. (2008, July 11). Retrieved from National Institute of Justice:  http://www.nij.gov/nij/topics/technology/less-lethal/types.htm 

Body Armor. (2012, September 13). Retrieved from National Institute of Justice:  http://www.nij.gov/nij/topics/technology/body-armor/welcome.htm 

Harries, K. (1999, December). Mapping Crime: Principles and Practices. Retrieved from NCJRS.GOV:  https://www.ncjrs.gov/html/nij/mapping/ch1_18.html

Chester has been using for several years a "Cost Leader with product life cycle focus" strategy, which implies a focus on the product life cycle diagram, with the introduction of products in the high tech area of consumers and their continuance in the low tech area, until they become obsolete and have to be drawn out of the market.
The strategy that Chester has been using implies, first of all, a keen look on the product's life cycle. Indeed, a product that Chester sends out to the market will follow through on all four of the different phases in the life cycle of a product, namely its introduction, growth, maturity and decline.

According to the company's vision, the product is first of all introduced in the high tech area of the market, addressing specific customers from this respective group. Nevertheless, we do take into consideration the fact that a product gradually becomes…...

Measurement: Coordinate all deployment processing for all task order personnel in a timely and professional manner.
This can be seen in my duties where for instance I set up tracking documents for subcontractors and a checklist for contractors deploying. I am also administer and control maintenance of Task Order personnel data in internal and external (prime master and government SPOT) personnel databases. My responsibilities include coordinating training and deployment requirements prior to personnel deploying to CONUS, OCONUS, or to contingency locations; ensuring contract compliance, monitoring project and personnel performance, and managing technical aspects of the project; ensuring requirements are fulfilled in accordance with statements of work, task orders, and ensuring executed work meets quality assurance standards and the customers' expectations. All is done in a timely and professional manner.

Data Call Support

Measurement: Provide responsive and accurate data call support in a timely manner.

I attempt to do so particularly since I am responsible…...

As with many consumer-oriented businesses, fast food restaurants need to maintain a strong but unobtrusive security profile. Their structures and access points need to remain accessible while still preventing malicious behavior. This security survey of a fast food restaurant provides an example of how to perform a total security audit, identify weaknesses and risks particularly with regards to customer and employee safety, and offer suggestions for improvement.
Property and Perimeter

The outermost boundaries of the fast food restaurant are the limits of the company’s locus of control. There is a lot the fast food restaurant can do to improve its perimeter security, without deterring customers. In fact, making upgrades to the perimeter security can serve a dual purpose as improving aesthetics. The current perimeter is empty, dark, and exposed. These weaknesses open the possibility for criminal behavior, as the access points are “obscured by low light,” (Locknet, n.d., p. 1). Darkness is…...

Physical Security Controls
Using attached Annotated outline provide a 5-page paper Physical Security Controls. I attached Annotated Outline Physical Security Controls. You references I Annotated Outline.

The advancement in technology has given rise to numerous computer security threats. It has become quite difficult to identify people online because many people use the internet with fake identities. This has made it easy for people to conduct criminal activities online. Online security of computer systems should be combined with physical security to ensure that no unauthorized person gain access to the systems. A physical security control can be termed as any obstacle used to delay serious attackers, and frustrate trivial attackers. This way a company or organization can be assured of the security if its information and computer systems. Majority of organizations use computer systems to store sensitive company information and employee data. This data needs to be properly secured to ensure that identity…...

mla

References

Backhouse, J., Hsu, C., & McDonnell, A. (2003). Toward public-key infrastructure interoperability. Communications of the ACM, 46(6), 98-100.

Boatwright, M., & Luo, X. (2007). What do we know about biometrics authentication? Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 4th annual conference on Information security curriculum development, Kennesaw, Georgia.

Shelfer, K.M., & Procaccino, J.D. (2002). Smart card evolution. Communications of the ACM, 45(7), 83-88.

wireless Web is truly' the next major wave of Internet computing
A its potential for bringing people together and expanding commerce is even greater than that of the wired Internet."

Edward Kozel, board member and former CTO of Cisco systems (AlterEgo, 2000, p. 12)

The integration of the Internet into our modern culture as a driving force behind business, convenience, services and merchandise acquisition has created a new set of desires for modern consumers. The trend started with the ease and availability of services and products being offer4ed through radio and television advertising, and then infomercials and shopping channels. The internet brought the availability to purchase products, goods, and information from our desks and kitchens. Now trough wireless hotspots and wireless devices, society is following their desires toward a marketing distribution channel which motivates them to pay for internet access, and mobile commerce (m-commerce) anytime, anywhere, and instantly. These sets of desires,…...

mla

Bibliography

AlterEgo (2000). Building the intelligent internet: Making the case for adaptive network services. [www.alterego.com].

Albright, B. (2000). Mobilize this!. Frontline Solutions, May, 28-32.

Bansal, P. (1.1.2001) Smart cards come of age. The Banker.

Barnett, N., Hodges, S. & Wilshire, M. (2000). M-commerce: An operator's manual. McKinsey Quarterly, 3,162-171.

Homeland Security and Information Technology
Security and Technology

iometrics

Cyberterrorism

Geospatial Information System

The 9/11 bombing of the World Trade Center raised the awareness of the American public relative to the need for increased national security. The agency that is in the forefront of providing this security is the Department of Homeland Security. This agency is responsible for a broad range of security issues and, as a result, is confronted with a wide range of technological needs. The agency is forced to confront individuals and organizations who have availability to the latest technological innovations available on the market and the Department of Homeland Security must not only be prepared to confront the latest technology it must also anticipate future innovations.

Security and Technology

In today's world dominated by technology possessing information is even more important than it once was. The old adage is that information is power and the adage is even more important than it once…...

mla

Bibliography

Federal Bureau of Investigation. (n.d.). Cybercrime. Retrieved March 3, 2011, from The FBI:  http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/investigate/cyber/cyber 

Goodchild, M.F. (2010). Twenty years of progress: GI Science in 2010. Journal of Spatial Information Science, 3-20.

John D. Woodward, N.M. (2002). Biometrics: Identity Assurance in the Information Age. Columbus, OH: McGraw-Hill Osborne Media.

Jussi, P. (2007). Digital Contagions: A Media Archaeology of Computer Viruses. New York: Peter Lang.

According to the same source, the Australian market proves to be very fertile for the U.S. companies which already account for the greatest import share (over 50% in 2004). Such data are outlined by the following table:
Country

Total market (million of dollars)

Total imports (million of dollars)

Imports from U.S. (million of dollars)

U.S share

2002 2004%Change 2002-2004%Change 2002-2004%Change Australia 950-1400 47% 380-560 47% 185-285 54% 51% Source: http://www.buyusainfo.net/docs/x_4239321.pdf.

The U.S. home security market is another outlet offering promising perspectives. According to Frost & Sullivan's report (http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reportinfo.asp?report_id=365296),one of the levers responsible for increased demand is the emergence of new homes as a result of the low interest rate. The U.S. Census ureau studies showed that, in 2002, 1.7 million new houses were built in comparison with 2001 when 1.6 million new constructions were made. Moreover, the number was expected to grow in the near future.

Other reasons for a security market boost are terrorist attacks and…...

mla

Bibliography

Brown, C., (2000). Australians' attitude to security. On the Internet at: www.infolink.com.au/articles/A4/0C0026A4.aspx.Retrieved February 20.

Best Export Markets for U.S. Security and Safety Equipment (2005). On the Internet at: www.buyusainfo.net/docs/x_4239321.pdf.Retrieved February 20

Environmental Scan of the Security Industry (2006). On the Internet at   February 20, 2007.http://www.asial.com.au/default.asp?page=/media%20centre/research+and+articles/environmental+scan+of+the+security+industry.Retrieved 

Home Security Market Goes Hi-tech (2006). On the Internet at: svconline.com/resav/hitech_home_security_06192006. Retrieved February 20, 2007.

Cell Phone as an Electronic Wallet
apid advances in technology in recent decades have brought about a dramatic change in the way people work, transact and communicate. Yet, it is widely believed that there is still ample scope for technology to make life even more convenient and efficient. For instance, the cell phone is already showing the promise of functioning as an electronic wallet. It is the purpose of this paper to demonstrate that using the cell phone, as an electronic wallet, will in fact add a great deal to convenience and safety, especially in the area of replacing plastic credit, debit and smart cards.

paid card; convenience; efficiency; safety; security; electronic; identification; business; bank; credit card company; consumer; transaction; identity theft; fraud; charge back; commissions.

Introduction

Advances in Information Technology and Communication in recent decades have brought about a dramatic change in the way people live, work and play. Consider, for instance,…...

mla

References

Batista, E. (2002, Nov. 25). Shopping by cell phone? No thanks. Wired News.

Retrieved Aug. 29, 2004:  http://www.wired.com/news/business/0,1367,56511,00.html?tw=wn_story_page_prev2 

Beaudette, M. (2002, Aug. 5). Firms offer cell phone users services to dial for; devices not just for talking anymore. The Washington Times. Retrieved Aug. 27, 2004 from the Cellbucks Web site:  http://www.cellbucks.com/en_US/news/080502WT.html 

Bhatnagar, P. (2004, Feb.3). New cards: Flash but don't swipe. CNN Money.

Physical Security Controls
To document the importance of physical security controls as it relates to the massive pervasiveness of online theft and cyber crime

Background information on the identification and authentication of people.

With the advent of the internet it is often very difficult to properly identify the individual in which business is conducted with. With the extreme ease of the internet comes the secrecy of potential criminal lurking through the shadows. Identification and authentication therefore have profound impacts on how to better protect assets from criminals.

The importance of information systems security and how it relates to globalization

Information systems, particularly those that store personal information, often are very senstivie to criminal activity. Therefore physical store techniques mandate that sensitivity information be locked away and under intense surveillance. Aspects such as disposable drives, printers and workstations should also be considered.

C. Brief overview of the paper.

i. The remainder of this paper will discuss proper surveillance,…...

mla

References

1. Backhouse, J., Hsu, C., & McDonnell, A. (2003). Toward public-key infrastructure interoperability. Communications of the ACM, 46(6), 98-100. Retrieved April 25, 2009, from ACM.

2. Bala, D. (2008). Biometrics and information security. Proceedings of the 5th annual conference on Information security curriculum development, 64-66. Retrieved March 31, 2009, from ACM.

3. Boatwright, M. & Lou, X. (2007). What do we know about biometrics authentication? Proceedings of the 4th annual conference on Information security curriculum development, 31, Retrieved March 31, 2009, from ACM.

4. Chan, A.T. (2003). Integrating smart card access to web-based medical information systems. Proceedings of the 2003 ACM symposium on Applied computing, 246-250.Retrieved February 13, 2009, from ACM.

eference

Zeltser, L. (September 2011). Social Networking Safety. OUCH! The Monthly Security Awareness Newsletter for Computer Users. etrieved September 18, 2011 from http://www.securingthehuman.org/newsletters/ouch/issues/OUCH-201109_en.pdf

eply 3:

The SpyEye Hacking Toolkit ingeniously is being promoted online as an Android application that will guard against exactly what it does, which is steal online logins and passwords. What makes this application so state-of-the-art and unique is that it uses an Android client application on smart phones and other devices running the operating system to transmit data to the command and control (C2) server. The hackers then have the ability to capture logins and passwords and without the user's knowledge, transmit them to the server completely independent of any action taken by the user (Keizer, 2011). While this threat is most predominant in Europe and Australia, the potential exists for it to become global in scope within days due to the pervasive distribution of Android applications. As the…...

mla

Reference:

Keizer, G. (2011, September 13). SpyEye hacking kit adds Android infection to bag of tricks. Computerworld. Retrieved from:  http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9219963/SpyEye_hacking_kit_adds_Android_infection_to_bag_of_tricks

1. Self-Checkout: A Revolution in the Retail Industry

This title highlights the transformative impact of self-checkout technology on the retail industry. It suggests that self-checkout has revolutionized the way customers shop and pay for goods, leading to significant changes in store operations, customer behavior, and the overall shopping experience.

2. The Rise of Self-Checkout: Convenience, Efficiency, and the Changing Role of Cashiers

This title emphasizes the convenience and efficiency that self-checkout offers to customers, as well as the changing role of cashiers in the face of this technology. It explores how self-checkout has streamlined the checkout process, reduced wait times, and empowered customers....

Refined Thesis Statement:

The multi-layered security protocols employed by modern online banking platforms, combined with robust user awareness and vigilance, effectively safeguard financial transactions, mitigating cyber threats and ensuring the integrity of online financial services.

Supporting Arguments:

Multi-Layered Security Protocols:

Strong Authentication: Two-factor authentication (2FA) and biometrics provide an additional layer of protection by requiring multiple forms of authentication.
Encryption: Advanced encryption algorithms ensure that data is securely transmitted and stored, protecting against eavesdropping and data breaches.
Firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs): These systems monitor network traffic for suspicious activity and block unauthorized access.
Secure Socket Layer (SSL)/Transport Layer Security (TLS): Encrypts....

Essay Topics on Immigration Border Control

1. The Evolving Landscape of Border Security: Technological Advancements and Ethical Implications

Examine the advancements in border security technology, such as facial recognition, biometrics, and surveillance systems.
Analyze the ethical considerations related to data privacy, human rights, and the potential for bias in AI-powered border control systems.
Discuss the trade-offs between enhancing security and preserving civil liberties.

2. Cross-Border Cooperation and International Diplomacy in Border Management

Explore the challenges and opportunities of international cooperation in border management.
Analyze the role of bilateral agreements, multilateral organizations, and shared intelligence in facilitating effective border control.
Discuss the diplomatic....

1. The ethical implications of implementing biometric technology in public schools
2. The potential invasion of privacy and security risks associated with biometric data collection in schools
3. The impact of biometric technology on students' autonomy and freedom in public schools
4. The effectiveness of biometric systems in enhancing school security and reducing instances of fraud or unauthorized access
5. The potential discrimination and bias that may arise from using biometric identification in public schools
6. The financial costs and practical challenges of implementing biometric technology in school settings
7. The legal implications and compliance issues related to collecting and storing biometric data of students in....