Biometric Technology
Biometrics are those easily measurable physiological, behavioral or anatomical characteristics, which can be used in identifying an individual. A common biometric modality is fingerprints, but there are others like DNA, voice patterns, irises, facial patterns, and palm prints. Biometrics have been quite beneficial in the last couple of years for law enforcement and intelligence (investigative) purposes, mostly to the FBI and its associates. in the intelligence and law enforcement communities they not only help to validate the identity of an individual, but most importantly, to a person's identity (through a fingerprint left on a bomb or murder weapon, for instance), usually by carrying out a scan of the database to see if the fingerprints match that of anyone already under observation (The FBI).

Biometrics in national security

There is a rising interest in biometric usage for providing small-scale security for buildings and IT facilities and for access/I.D. card uses. This brief…...

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Works cited

Adkins, Lauren D. Biometrics: Weighing Convenience and National Security against Your Privacy, 13 Mich. Telecomm. & Tech. L. Rev. 541 (2007). Web. 27 April 2016

Berger, Vic. Biometrics Security Technology: The Future Now. Security Magazine. (October 1, 2007). Web. 27 April 2016

Jain A.K. Ross A. & Pankanti S. Biometrics: A Tool for Information Security, IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, Vol. 1, No.2, (June 2006). Web. 27 April 2016

Kumar, A. Wong, D. Shen, H. & Jain, A. Personal verification using palmprint and hand geometry biometric. Audio -- and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication, 1060-1060, 2003. Web. 27 April 2016

" (2008) Williams finally state that dynamic computing can enable innovation through enabling it departments to shift "from a 'light on' operation to a proactive, forward-looking approach." (2008)
SOCIAL CONTRACT

The work of Edward M. Rizzo and Leslie a. Worsley entitled; "Emerging Technologies and the Internet Enable Today's E-Workforce" states that with the changes occurring in today's workforce "management requires a new way of thinking. The tools driving organizational effectiveness shave changed drastically in recent years in order to meet the needs of an ever-evolving workforce." (2001) a larger percent of the workforce is comprised of professional employees whom are "more mobile, and there is a growing dependence on temporary or contract employees to ensure adequate staffing levels." (Rizzo and Worsley, 2001) Rizzo and Worsley state that to this end more and more employers are depending on emergent technologies in facing staffing challenges including the Internet. While "traditional businesses have prevailed...the Internet…...

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Bibliography

Alter, Allan E. (2005) Innovation Makes Emerging Technologies Pay Off. CIO Insight. 5 June 2005. Online available at  http://www.cioinsight.com/article2/0,1397,1826516,00.asp 

Alter, Allan E. (2005) Innovation Makes Emerging Technologies Pay Off. 5 June 2005. CIO Insight. Research online available at

Security Technology in Next Five Years
Globally security concerns have placed great pressure on the survival of human life and had threatened the daily life, confidence and dignity of societies at large. To resolve the security concerns and overcome with this disastrous obstacles, security technological advancements have been made in many facets. Human life is playing its vital role in moving the world to a secure place where families, businesses, trade, educational system, media, governance, art and science thus all fields of life is affected by the security concerns (Sen, 2002). Now the big question here is how technological development can contribute towards the security concerns especially in the areas of biometrics, forensics and physical security.

Although, there has been intensive increase in human security as the consequences of technological development, the historical background of technology has not rooted much confidence in the societies that further technological development will reduce the…...

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References

Magarinos, C. (2001) Human Security and Science and Technology. Inauguration Statement of the UNIDO Director-General, 10 October, 2001. United Nations Industrial Development Organization.

McGinn, R (1991) Science, Technology and Society. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Paris, R. (2001). Human security: paradigm shift or hot air?,International Security, retrieved July 21, 2011 from  http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/016228801753191141 

Sen, K. (2002). Basic Education and Human Security. Report of the Kolkata Meeting in Commission on Human Security Bangkok, Thailand. Compiled by Center for Social Development Studies, Faculty of Political Science, Chulalongkorn University. Retreived on July 21, 2011 from  http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/human_secu/sympo0007_s.html

The scanner's ability to translate typewriter characters into bit-mapped image into ASCII text depends on a number of factors, including the sensitivity of the device itself and the legibility and method of preparation of the original document; however, improvements are being made all of the time and even formerly graphic-based scanning systems such as Adobe's notoriously slow PDF applications have incorporated character recognition systems that allow for textual scanning. Some of these character recognition systems incorporate features that provide output options to convert the text into a format used by common word-processing programs such as TF, Word and so forth. According to Dry and Lawler, the term "scanning" is frequently used today to describe the process of creating digitized images; in this approach, a graphic picture of the page, rather than an actual transcription of the text itself, is stored in the computer. "While this provides an effective means…...

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References dictionary of business, 2nd ed. (1996). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Arend, M. (1992). Check Imaging: Banks Are Getting the Picture. ABA Banking Journal, 84(5), 44.

Bar Coding Basics. (2005). System ID Warehouse Bar Code Learning Center. Available: http://www.systemid.com/education/index.asp.

Bildirici, I.O. (2004). Building and Road Generalization with the CHANGE Generalization Software Using Turkish Topographic Base Map Data. Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 31(1), 43.

Bowman, G.W., Hakim, S., & Seidenstat. (Eds). (1996). Privatizing transportation systems. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.

These breath-testers use a range of technologies including electrochemical fuel cells, infrared absorption, metallic oxide semiconductors and disposable color-change testers.
The disposable breath-testers are cheap to purchase and very useful in detecting alcohol in a person's system. When the test is positive, to check for other drugs in his system, the person is required to give a blood sample for confirmation by a laboratory. In addition his urine sample is also taken to test for the presence of other drugs in his system.

Breath testers have been in use in the United States since the 1940s. Then the machines used to detect alcohol were not as accurate as the ones used today. Nowadays mostly infrared absorption devices are used. They have a sample chamber from where the breath passes. This comes in contact with the infrared light, which counts the ions of alcohol thus measuring the alcohol level.

The Tennessee Department of…...

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REFERENCE:

1. Jerry W. Kilgore - "DNA Samples Prove to Be Effective in Solving Crimes." Magazine Title: Corrections Today. Volume: 65. Issue: 4. July 2003. 28.

2. "DNA Money." Newspaper Title: The Washington Times. March 12, 2003. A06.

3. Richard S. Julie - "High-Tech Surveillance Tools and the Fourth Amendment: Reasonable Expectations of Privacy in the Technological Age." Journal Title: American Criminal Law Review. Volume: 37. Issue: 1. Publication Year: 2000. Page Number: 127

4. News Story: Camera detects concealed weapons in real-time. [  Accessed Aug 21, 2005http://news.thomasnet.com/fullstory/463051 ]

Technology and Criminal Justice System
The American prisons are known to be hosting some of the highest number of prisoners in relation to the entire population. The criminal justice system has over the years proven to be punitive and offenders have often found themselves incarcerated upon presentation of evidence. With the improvement of technology, there have been even more people getting convictions, increasing the number of people behind the prison walls. The overcrowding at the prisons has severally prompted the use of alternative means of correction rather than sending people to the prisons. This has seen increased paroles and offenders being put under probations as a means to decrease the congestion in the prisons.

The challenges that the criminal justice system has faced over the years have prompted the initiative towards inculcating the culture of more technology use within the criminal justice system. The use of technology in the criminal justice system…...

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References

FBI, (2015). Next Generation Identification (NGI). Retrieved April 20, 2015 from  http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/fingerprints_biometrics/ngi 

Lazer D., (2015). DNA and the Criminal Justice System. Retrieved April 20, 2015 from  http://www.davidlazer.com/sites/default/files/29%20DNA%20and%20the%20CJS%20chapt%201.pdf 

Maureen Brown, (2000). Criminal Justice Discovers Information Technology. Retrieved April 20, 2015 from  https://www.ncjrs.gov/criminal_justice2000/vol_1/02e.pdf 

National Institute of Technology, (2012). Criminal Justice Interview Room Recording System Selection and Application Guide. Retrieved April 20, 2015 from  https://www.justnet.org/pdf/IRRS-SAG-January-2013.pdf

Technology in Use in 1910 and the Technology in Use Today
Technology during 1910 and its rapid evolution to the present era:

The 19th century witnessed major upheavals in science and technology ushering a gamut of changes and widespread ripple effect on the society. The dawning of science in industry brought about by the Industrial evolution was a watershed in global technology that continued to shape the future of mankind. It was in that era when development of large scale metal working techniques popularised steam power. ailroads appeared and facilitated in mass migration of populations. Urbanizations started, commerce flourished, fortunes were made and a new class of affluent appeared. Major scientific inventions like electromagnetism by Clerk Maxwell and greater sophistication of electricity brought about technological changes and improved quality of life with telegraph, electric light and radio transforming the world for the better. (Jeff, 2002)

Development in natural science spearheaded by Charles…...

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References

Chandrinos, K.V; Trahanias, P.E. (n. d.) "Beyond HTML: Web-based Information Systems"

Institute of Computer Science, Retrieved 15 March 2012 from  http://www.ercim.eu/publication/ws-proceedings/DELOS6/chandrinos.pdf 

Davenport, Thomas H; Short, James E. (1990) "The new industrial engineering information technology and business process redesign" Center for Information Systems Research. CISR WP No. 213, Sloan WP No. 3190-90.

EEA. (2010) "SOER 2010 -- Assessment of global megatrends"

Technology changed Security and Terrorism?
Terrorists have evolved in their warfare and now they exploit modern technologies to facilitate every stage of their operation such as recruitment, training, planning and attack. Counter terrorism efforts therefore require more effort, continued research and high tech solutions to prevent, protect and to safeguard innocent citizens. The key to victory is not just the volume of information at our disposal but more importantly how effectively the information is analyzed and disseminated among anti-terror vigilance networks in different nations. Only a coordinated approach to counter terrorism would yield fruit, and for this, standardization of security measures across the international checkpoints is indispensible. There is no one solution to solve the problem of terrorism but with the development of newer technological solutions such as iometric identification, iosensors and terahertz imaging systems and other software solutions we can look forward to achieving the objective of a safer…...

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Bibliography

1) Bruce W. Don, David R. Frelinger & Scott Gerwehr et.al, 'Network technologies for Networked Terrorists: Assessing the Value of Information and Communication technologies to Modern Terrorists Organizations', Dept of Homeland Security, 2007, Accessed Mar 14th 2011, available online at,  http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/2007/RAND_TR454.pdf 

2) Paul Cornish, 'Technology, Strategy and Counter Terrorism', International Affairs, Vol 86, Issue 4, Accessed March 14th 2011, available at,  http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2010.00917.x/pdf 

3) Emily Turrettini, 'Handsets' Deadly Use: Detonators', (Aug 27, 2005), accessed Mar 14th 2011, available online at, http://www.textually.org/textually/archives/cat_cell_phones_used_by_terrorists.htm?p=2

4) Emily Wax, 'Gunmen Used Technology as a Tactical Tool', The Washington Post, Dec 3, 2008, Accessed Mar 15th 2011, Available at,  http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/12/02/AR2008120203519.html

Homeland Security and Information Technology
Security and Technology

iometrics

Cyberterrorism

Geospatial Information System

The 9/11 bombing of the World Trade Center raised the awareness of the American public relative to the need for increased national security. The agency that is in the forefront of providing this security is the Department of Homeland Security. This agency is responsible for a broad range of security issues and, as a result, is confronted with a wide range of technological needs. The agency is forced to confront individuals and organizations who have availability to the latest technological innovations available on the market and the Department of Homeland Security must not only be prepared to confront the latest technology it must also anticipate future innovations.

Security and Technology

In today's world dominated by technology possessing information is even more important than it once was. The old adage is that information is power and the adage is even more important than it once…...

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Bibliography

Federal Bureau of Investigation. (n.d.). Cybercrime. Retrieved March 3, 2011, from The FBI:  http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/investigate/cyber/cyber 

Goodchild, M.F. (2010). Twenty years of progress: GI Science in 2010. Journal of Spatial Information Science, 3-20.

John D. Woodward, N.M. (2002). Biometrics: Identity Assurance in the Information Age. Columbus, OH: McGraw-Hill Osborne Media.

Jussi, P. (2007). Digital Contagions: A Media Archaeology of Computer Viruses. New York: Peter Lang.

They also found that there has been no adequate study on the effects of ageing and facial recognition. Despite these concerns, the report did acknowledge that biometric facial scanning was suitable for use when verifying photo documents, given that the preconditions, such as controlled ambient lighting, are met (cf. An investigation into the performance of facial recognition systems relative to their planned use in photo identification documents - BioP I, 2004).
III. Viability for Use in Large-Scale Venues

The success of facial recognition technology for wide-scale security augmentation is hindered by the inherent limitations of current technology, as well as environmental and physiological factors. Given that venues for major sporting events traditionally have security measures already in place, such as video surveillance and gated access, facial recognition technology might be useful in augmenting other, more traditional forms of security. For facial recognition to be successfully implemented, it is necessary to capture…...

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References

An investigation into the performance of facial recognition systems relative to their planned use in photo identification documents - BioP I. (2004). Retrieved April 9, 2007. from www.bsi.de/english/publications/studies/BioPfinalreport.pdf.

John D. Woodward, J., Horn, C., Gatune, J., & Thomas, a. (2003). Biometrics: A Look at Facial Recognition. Arlington, VA: RAND.

Summary of NIST Standards for Biometric Accuracy, Tamper Resistance, and Interoperability. (2002). Retrieved April 9, 2007. from www.itl.nist.gov/iad/894.03/NISTAPP_Nov02.pdf.

Communications Technologies: ICMT
ICMT: Communications Technologies

Simplicity vs. Complexity

The term ICMT refers to the various tools used by organizations in the creation and dissemination of print, sound, still photos, and lives forms of media. The most commonly-used ICMT tools in the organizational setting today are email, instant messaging services, and social-networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter. These technologies increase the diversity of the devices and services that users have to deal with, resulting in an enormous burden of complexity. This complexity creates obstacles to acceptance and effective exploitation of such technologies. To prevent this, organizations need to come up with strategies for simplifying the use of ICMT. This they could do by developing a series of techniques and tools that enable users to customize and use devices with minimal effort (Salina & Salina, 2008).

For instance, a user may be interested in obtaining sales information from the sales' department located in a…...

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References

Salina, J. & Salina, P. (2008). Next Generation Networks: Perspectives and Potentials. Chichester, Engalnd: John Wiley & Sons.

Waber, B. (2013). People Analytics: How Sensing Technology will Transform Business and What it Tells us about the Future of Work. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc.

Marketing Plan Knuedge/Knuverse
The mission of Knuedge is to lead vital and necessary changes, and deliver next-generation technologies that will transform the manner in which humans interact with machines, varying from strong voice recognition and substantiation to machine learning (Knuege Website, 2016).

Product/Service Offering

KnuEdge has created an endearing range of cutting-edge businesses that, it designed, to bring neural technologies to enterprise products for the enterprise and consumer market. One of these businesses is Knuverse. In particular, Knuverse has resolved and unraveled two significant issues that are in existence in voice-interface technologies up until the present, these being noise and security. This will transform the interaction between technology and humans. In turn, different industries such as tech, banking, hospitality and entertainment industries, amidst others, have the capacity to innovate new products and services at an incredible rate (Knuedge, 2016).

The product/service offerings of Knuverse include Background, DNA, Active and Audiopin. To begin with, Background…...

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References

BioID Website. (2016). About. Retrieved from:  https://www.bioid.com/ 

KnuEdge Website. (2016). About Us. Retrieved 13 August 2016 from: https://www.knuedge.com/about-us/

KnuEdge. (2016). Companies. Retrieved 13 August 2016 from: https://www.knuedge.com/companies/

KnuVerse. (2016). Products. Retrieved 13 August 2016 from:   P., Keller, K. L., Brandy, M., Goodman, M. & Hansen, T. (2009). Marketing Management, 1st edition, New York: Pearson Education.https://www.knuverse.com/products/Kotler ,

Installation
The author of this report has been presented with a hypothetical situation as ZXY Corporation where a new building has been procured. This building will be the site of the new information technology (IT) and other infrastructures. However, the current setup is very raw and unfinished and this obviously needs to change. The facets of the information technology setup that will be addressed in this report will include a plan to provide secure access for all users, a viable password policy in terms of complexity and other important factors, a cryptography method to ensure that vital data is encrypted, a remote access plan to ensure that remote access to the network is done in a viable, functional and secure way and a thorough plan to protect the network from malware and various other types of malicious attacks such as phishing, social engineering and so forth. While the overall facets…...

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References

Harrison, K. (2016). 5 steps to a (nearly) paperless office. Forbes.com. Retrieved 24 June 2016, from  http://www.forbes.com/sites/kateharrison/2013/04/19/5-steps-to-a-nearly-paperless-office/#7e1a915b1cda 

Nolo. (2016). Vicarious Liability -- Nolo's Free Dictionary of Law Terms and Legal Definitions. Nolo.com. Retrieved 24 June 2016, from  https://www.nolo.com/dictionary/vicarious-liability-term.html 

Ou, G. (2007). TJX's failure to secure Wi-Fi could cost $1B -- ZDNet. ZDNet. Retrieved 24 June 2016, from  http://www.zdnet.com/article/tjxs-failure-to-secure-wi-fi-could-cost-1b/ 

Rosoff, M. (2016). Netflix and YouTube are America's biggest bandwidth hogs. Business Insider. Retrieved 24 June 2016, from  http://www.businessinsider.com/which-services-use-the-most-bandwidth-2015-12

Introduction Sareen (2014) describes biometrics as the technology or the science that determines and assesses biological data. Biometrics is measurable behavioral and physiological characteristics applicable in the verification process of people’s identity (Sareen, 2014). In layman terms biometrics may be understood as a science that involves measuring behavioral and physical characteristics unique to an individual (Xiao, 2007). Biometrics verifies that any person is who they claim to be. The term biometrics refers to life measurements although the terms have been associated with the unique physiological qualities used in identifying a person. Biometric applications are often associated with security. However, the identification of the unique human characteristics scientifically has broader meaning and relevance bearing in mind that computer interface has become increasingly natural (Sareen, 2014).
Jaiswal (2011) describes biometric as any robust, measurable, physical, and distinctive personal traits or characteristic of individuals usable in their identification or verification of their claimed identities. There…...

On one hand, this may alter the consumers' trust in the company's products which are perceived as intangible compared with those goods that can be purchased from the shelves of specialized stores. On the other hand, resorting to intermediaries implies paying a certain commission which results in higher prices for the respective products. Moreover, the success of selling through indirect channels depends, to a great extent, on the distributors' efforts and knowledge. Although they receive tuition from the producer's technical staff, there may be several interests leading to a prominent discordance between the distributors' behavior and the company's expectations towards it.
Threats primary problem that ADEL could encounter is the Australians' lack of information on biometrics secondly, Australians have a favorable attitude towards traditional security methods based on patrolmen or alarm systems the Australians' misconception about prices (most of them think that the price of an effective security system exceeds…...

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Bibliography

Brown, C., 2000. Australians' attitude to security, [Online], Available:

  January 24].http://www.infolink.com.au/articles/A4/0C0026A4.aspx [2007,

Brabender, T., 2004. I Can't Afford a Publicity/Public Relations Campaign - Can I? [Online], Available:

  January 24].http://www.mplans.com/dpm/article.cfm/135 [2007,

1. The ethical implications of implementing biometric technology in public schools
2. The potential invasion of privacy and security risks associated with biometric data collection in schools
3. The impact of biometric technology on students' autonomy and freedom in public schools
4. The effectiveness of biometric systems in enhancing school security and reducing instances of fraud or unauthorized access
5. The potential discrimination and bias that may arise from using biometric identification in public schools
6. The financial costs and practical challenges of implementing biometric technology in school settings
7. The legal implications and compliance issues related to collecting and storing biometric data of students in....

The ethical implications of using biometric data for surveillance and monitoring
- The potential misuse of biometric data for discrimination or profiling
- The impact of biometric technology on individual privacy and personal autonomy
- The security risks associated with storing and transmitting biometric data
- The implications of biometric technology for societal trust and social cohesion
- The potential for biometric data to be hacked or manipulated for criminal purposes.
- The psychological effects of constant biometric monitoring on individuals
- The intersection of biometric data collection and issues of consent and autonomy
- The environmental impact of producing and disposing of biometric technology
- The cultural and....

1. Internet and digital communication: The use of advanced encryption techniques and secure messaging platforms have made it harder for authorities to monitor and intercept communication between spies and their handlers.

2. Satellite imagery: High-resolution satellite imaging technology allows spy agencies to monitor and gather intelligence from remote locations without the need for physical surveillance on the ground.

3. Biometric recognition: The use of biometric technology, such as facial recognition and fingerprint scanning, has made it easier for spies to disguise their identities and avoid detection.

4. Cyber espionage: The use of malware, hacking and other cyber weapons allow spies to infiltrate computer....

1. The importance of protecting personal information online
2. The balance between national security and individual privacy rights
3. The impact of data breaches on individual privacy and security
4. The role of encryption in safeguarding online communication
5. The ethical implications of government surveillance on citizen privacy
6. The rise of biometric technology and its implications for personal security
7. The challenges of regulating social media platforms to protect user privacy
8. The role of artificial intelligence in enhancing cybersecurity measures
9. The implications of facial recognition technology on individual privacy
10. The importance of digital literacy in protecting oneself from online threats
11. The ethical considerations of companies....