The truth of the matter is the biometric templates for identity enrolment that are stored on a server are not in the real since images rather they are mathematical representations of the data points that the biometric algorithm is able to extract from the scanned fingerprint, finger vein, palm vein or iris. The identifying template is a binary file that has a series of zeros and ones. The algorithm then uses the template in a positive way for the identification of an individual during subsequent fingerprint scans. Therefore it is safe to say that no image is ever stored or even transmitted across any network. Furthermore, the algorithms are usually one way-based meaning that it is impossible for the recreation of the original biometric image when a template has been extracted. It is hence nearly impossible to reverse engineer the data that has been set to positively identify an individual…...
mlaReferences
Answers Corporation, (2012). IDENT (Automated Biometric Identification System)
Retrieved November 27, 2012 from http://www.answers.com/topic/ident-automated-biometric-identification-system
International Association for Identification. (2012). Biometrics Information Systems. Retrieved November 27, 2012 from http://www.theiai.org/disciplines/biometrics/index.php
International Biometric Group, (2010). BioPrivacy FAQ's and Definitions. Retrieved November
It also helps to reduce the threat of identity theft as this is frequently initiated through the hacking of such highly vulnerable wireless communication devices. According to ThirdFactor, the same BioLock technology is currently being adapted to meet the needs of the Microsoft indows and Mac OS packages on the market's near horizon. This suggests that the pacesetting consumer brands in the technology, software, cell phone and computing industries all view biometric security as one of the paths for innovation. This is underscored by a view both governmentally and commercially that online and cyber-security need to be major concerns for business, agencies and private citizens alike.
That said, many of the cutting edge biometric technologies are still not impervious to the ingenuity of hackers and identity thieves. According to Rick Smith, a private researcher who has worked with the National Security Agency in testing its it vulnerabilities, hackers remain always…...
mlaWorks Cited:
Brandt, a. (2002). Biometric Security Barely Skin-Deep. PC World.
Roberts, M.R. (2010). Ventura County Adopts Biometric-Based PC Security System. Fire Chief.com.
Silverman, M. & Liu, S. (2001). A Practical Guide to Biometric Security Technology. IEEExplore, 3(1), 27-32.
Technovelgy. (2010). Biometric Security Overview. Technovelgy.com.
iometric Safeguards and Risks
iometric Safeguarding
Itakura and Tsujii are proposing to allow an external organization, such as PKI, to issue biological certification as a way to ensure the validity of biological information. (Itkura, 2005) It would consist of three cryptographic keys; a public key and two secret keys. The public key would be defined as the representative template for personal biological information registration. The algorithm selects the representative template to be stored in the iometric Specific Memory lock defined by CEFF standards. The two secret keys would be done separate from the public key and each other to ensure the guarantee of the security of the overall personal authentication. They would be defined as a random number generated by conventional mathematical calculation. The public key and the first secret key would work together to guarantee the security of the information. In case that the public key and the first secret key…...
mlaBibliography
Barton, B. e. (2005). The Emerging Cyber Risks of Biometrics. Risk Management, vol 51, issue 10, 26-31.
Itkura, Y. & . (2005). Proposal on a multifactor biometric authentication method based on cryptosystem keys containing biometric signatures. International Journal of Information Security, 288-296.
Zorkadis, V. a. (2004). On biometrics-based authentication and identification from a privacy-protection perspective: Deriving privacy-enhancing requirements. Information Management and Computer Security, 125-137.
iometric Controls
iometric Cost Analysis
There are some questions that will help determine the cost benefit analysis of a new biometric system (Cooper). The level of security, the level of reliability, need of backup, the acceptable time for enrollment, level of privacy, and storage needed are things that need to be determined first. Will the system be attended or not? Does the system need to be resistant to spoofing? Will the system operate 24 hours a day? The system will need to be designed based on the individual organization's needs.
Fingerprint devices are low in cost, can be placed on a smartcard, have a low rate of fraudulent users, and are easy to integrate. They operate on the grooves and ridges naturally embedded in the skin to detect the uniqueness of the finger. They also have a higher risk of false rejection and degradation of the fingerprint due to occupation or injury. The…...
mlaBibliography
Cooper, J.A. (n.d.). Did I Do That? Retrieved from Information Security Writers: http://www.infosecwriters.com/test_resources/pdf/JCooper_Biometrics.pdf
Francese, A. (2008, Oct 23). Tips for Buying a Retinal Biometric Scanner. Retrieved from Yahoo Voices: http://voices.yahoo.com/tips-buying-retinal-biometric-scanner-2081642.html?cat=15
Vandana, R. & . (n.d.). Feature Selection for Hand-Geometry-based Person Authentication. Retrieved from Centre for Visual Information Technology: http://cit.iiit.ac.in/papers/vandana05Feature.pdf
Zorkadis, V. & . (2004). On biometrics-based authentication and identification from a privacy-protection perspective: Deriving Privacy-enhacing requirements. Information Management and Computer Security 12.1, 125-137.
This was done by creating an artificial fingerprint from the little traces that are left on the biometric scanners. This entailed the process of obtaining the relevant biometric data. The second approach involved employment of a technique that is commonly referred to as deploying a replay attack. In this approach is equivalent to the man-in-the-middle attack that is common in various communication data breaches. The process involves the tapping or rather eavesdropping on the biometric data as it is being sent from the scanner to the system in the process of authenticating a genuine system user. The data collected is then sent over the communication link again in order to replay the previous authentication process and viola!, the fake user is granted unauthorized access to the system.
The final approach involved the process of breaching the biometric database itself. In this kind of a breach, the attacker would enroll fake…...
mlaBibliography
Abdullayeva, F Imamverdiyev, F, Musayev, F and Wayman, J (2009).Analysis of Security Vulnerabilities in Biometric Systems. San Jose State University, San Jose, USA,
C'T, (2002) Thalheim Lisa, Krissler Jan, Ziegler Peter-Michael, c't Magazine,
November, 2002, August 21, Koerperkontrolle, Biometrische Zugangssicherungen
auf die Probe gestellt, p. 114. Retrieved November 9,
However, a very determined criminal, as mentioned above, might go as far as cutting off fingers in order to circumvent this problem. Nonetheless, fingerprinting appears to make car theft somewhat more challenging than the ordinary immobilizing device.
Main Conclusions
Because of its groundbreaking technology and the fact that it makes car theft more difficult than ordinary immobilizing devices, biometric fingerprinting devices for immobilizing and car door locking holds particular advantages over other anti-theft devices. The main advantage is that thieves who steal the car keys cannot either unlock or start vehicles with such devices. This is also useful for other vehicles such as trucks that hold valuable cargo. Of course there is the possibility of cutting off fingers, but the availability of easier targets of car theft can make this fairly unlikely.
Generally, the use of fingerprinting in developing anti-theft devices for cars appears to have a very bright future. As the…...
mlaSources
Australian Academy of Science. (2001). Putting a finger on it - the loops and whorls of biometrics. http://www.science.org.au/nova/064/064print.htm
McBride, Simon. (2007). Biometric Immobiliser: A finger on security. Auto Express News, August 21. http://www.autoexpress.co.uk/news/autoexpressnews/209962/biometric_immobiliser.html
Oxborn, Alice. (2005). Biometrics History. Video Surveillance Guide, August 17. http://www.video-surveillance-guide.com/biometrics-history.htm
Swedberg, Claire. (2005). Triple RFID Protection for Cars. RFID Journal, Jan 3. http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/articleview/1304/1/1
This research will aim to address this gap.
esearch Objectives
The primary objective of this research is to develop a SIFT-based algorithm that will improve the efficacy of handwritten signature feature extractions and enable a more powerful and accurate tool for the assessment of signature validity, with lower rates of false rejection of valid signatures and false acceptance of forged (invalid) signatures. To this end, a comparison between measurements of Euclidean distance and Mahalanobis distance in signature features will be conducted, and the most efficacious, efficient, and accurate means of measurement will be identified. From this, it will be possible to construct a more effective and accurate algorithm as the parameters of that algorithm and the data utilized in its functioning will be more accurate and more effectively and comprehensively obtained. These objectives will serve the research community in addition to providing practical benefits in signature verification and validation, reducing costs…...
mlaReferences
Mwangi, K. (2008). Offline handwritten signature verification using SIFT features. Makere University [dissertation].
Shkula, N. & Shandilya, M. (2010). Invariant features comparison in hidden markov model and SIFT for offline handwritten signature database. International Journal of Computer Applications 2(7): 31-4.
The Homeland Security main division is also located in California. Security, not only in terms of personal banking security but as well home security is an issue in Southern California as evidenced in a February 7, 2007 news report entitled: "Police: illionaire Robbed by Man Posing as Delivery Person." The report relates a Southern California financier whose home was invaded by a deliveryman. The report states the fact that: "...there was no security of any type in place to stop the "phony deliveryman from forcing his way into the house and holding Rad, his wife and housekeeper bound with duct tape for hours before making off with a few hundred dollars in cash..." (KAC.TV Los Angeles News, 2007) the news report additionally states: "Investigators suspect the intruder specifically targeted Rady, a financier who was ranked No. 140 last year on Forbes magazine list of 400 richest Americans." (Ibid)
Summary and…...
mlaBibliography
Biometric Payment: The New Age of Currency (2000) Hospitality Upgrade Magazine. Online available at http://www.hotel-online.com/News/PressReleases2000_1st/Mar00_BiometricCurrency.html#1 .
Digital Payment (2005) Information Age Website. 18 Aug 2005 Online available at http://www.information-age.com/article/2005/august/digital_payment .
Kessler, Michelle (2003) Thumbs Pay at Some Stores. 16 Nov 2003. USA Today. Online available at http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/techinnovations/2003-11-17-biometrics_x.htm .
Measuring Biometrics (2003) CDW-G Solutions 2003 June. Online available at http://www.cdwg.com/webcontent/editorialg/technologies/060903_MeasuringBiometrics.asp .
2) False acceptance which is through confusion of one user and another or the acceptance of an invalid individual as being a user that is legitimate.
Although the rate of failure is easily adjusted through modifying the threshold through decreasing the rate of failure on the end of rejection or acceptance the increase of failure on the other end of the spectrum increases In the act of choosing equipment with biometric functions the considerations are stated to be:
1) Equipment cost and 2) Failure ates.
Drawbacks to consumer embrasure of the retinal scanners are due to the requirement of the eye to be one to two inches away from the scanner while an LED is focused directly into the individual's eye.
IV. Specifics of the Biometric Technology Application
This type of technology is an application that through locating the iris with a monochrome camera approximately three feet from the eye. The narrowing of the algorithm…...
mlaReferences
Niles, Suzanne (2004) "Physical Security in Mission Critical Facilities White Paper No. 82 - Revision 1 American Power Conversion APC 2004 ftp://www.apcmedia.com/salestools/SADE-5TNRPL.
Electronic, Acoustic and Optical Surveillance and Monitoring Systems
Market Research Report- Business Communications Co. September 2002 R2-612
Online available at http://www.mindbranch.com/listing/product/R2-612.html .
Unsophisticated biometric systems are already available at relatively affordable prices but they are unsuitable for many sensitive assets and applications. Sufficiently sophisticated biometrics systems to safeguard highly sensitive assets and information systems are comparatively cost prohibitive for small and medium-sized business entities (Mills & Byun, 2006).
For example, fingerprint biometric identification systems are perfectly appropriate for low-level information systems and assets, particularly where those systems are used I conjunction with highly-trafficked areas that preclude extended private access. However, the same biometrics measures are insufficient in conjunction with low-traffic areas that permit potential intruders extended opportunities to work on bypassing the system without their efforts being observed or discovered. That is simply a function of the proven ability of forged fingerprints reproduced onto a synthetic film placed over the infiltrator's finger.
Ultimately, biometrics offers enhanced security, but sensitive national security assets require very careful consideration of the entire risk matrix in connection…...
mlaReferences
Bulkeley, W. (2006). How Biometric Security Is Far From Foolproof: Systems' Holes Spur Efforts to Improve Limitations; the Gummy Bear Deception. The Wall Street Journal, December 21, 2006 (p. B 3).
Busch, C. (2006). EMBO Reports: Facing the Future of Biometrics. European Molecular Biology Organization, Vol. 7.
Hamilton, W. (2007). Will Biometric Authentication Solve Corporate Security Challenges? Optimize, Vol. 6, No. 2.
Larsen, R. (2007) Our Own Worst Enemy: Asking the Right Questions About Security to Protect You, Your Family, and America. New York: Grand Central Publishing.
(Kanade; Jain; atha, 4, 12)
etina person can be identified from his retina by evaluating the picture of the blood vessels behind the eyes. These blood vessels are called choroidal vasculature. While taking the picture of the retina using infrared rays, the retina is not clearly seen. But certain equipments catch a glimpse of the visual spectrum that assists the evaluation of the retina. The exclusive model of the blood vessels is the identifying factor in a retina. (Bolle, 53) it is not the same even in the case of twins. (U.S. General Accounting Office (a), 27) EyeDentify equipments used to verify retina can check almost three thousand people. Verification of around 1500 people may be conducted in less than five seconds by this equipment. This equipment however cannot capture the image of individuals who has poor vision or severe astigmation. The person under question should be placed near the…...
mlaReferences
Bolle, Ruud. Guide to Biometrics.
Springer, 2004.
Jain, L.C. Intelligent Biometric Techniques in Fingerprint and Face Recognition. CRC Press.
Kanade, Takeo; Jain, Anil K; Ratha, Nalini Kanta. Audio- and Video-Based Biometric Person
Even public schools are not immune to the growing biometrics trend, as the scanning of the literal 'student body' is becoming commonplace. Some schools use portable scanners to collect digital images of the students' fingerprints, which need to be updated regularly as the students grow and their fingers change. Biometrics is used for everything from the authentication of new transfer students, to providing the ability to buy lunch in the cafeteria without cash, to checking out books from the library to recording student attendance (Graziano 1).
As this trend continues to grow, there is some concern about privacy issues, which are especially sensitive when minors are involved. For example, Claudia Graziano reports in the article Learning to Live with Biometrics, Chris Hoofnagle, associate director of the Electronic Privacy Information Center in ashington, D.C. believes that fingerprint scanning schools "sets a dark precedent, conditioning students at a young age to embrace the…...
mlaWorks Cited
"Biometric Access Control, A Good Choice for Homeowners?" Homesecurityinformation.com. 2006. Web. 19 April 2010.
Clarke, Nathan, L. And Furnell, Steven. "Authenticating Mobile Phone Users Using Keystroke Analysis." International Journal of Information Security, (2007) 6.1: 1-14. Print.
Graziano, Claudia. "Learning to Live With Biometrics." Wired. (September 2003). Web. 20 April 2010.
Turner, Allan. "Biometrics: Applying an Emerging Technology to Jails," Corrections Today, (2000) 62.6: 26-27.
Some Key applications are:Physical Acces facility and secure-area access, time-and-attendance monitoring. Growth: Flat, starting at 13% of total market revenues and ending at 14%. Logical Access: PC, networks, mobile devices, kiosks, accounts. Growth: From 21% to 31% of total market revenues. Identity Services: Background check enrollment, credentialing, document issuance. Growth: Decline from 65% to 47% of total market revenues. Surveillance and Monitoring: Time and attendance, watchlists. Growth: From less than 1% to nearly 8% of total market revenue.
Virtualisation is the key technology to transform what's happening in the data centre and link it to external service providers using common technology, common formats, common shipping containers. Add information and security to the picture and we have an interesting view of the future of it, where we combine the attributes of what we like about data centres and what we like about clouds for fully virtualised assets in the data centre…...
mlaReference
Etzioni, a. "Identification cards in America. " Society 36.5 (1999): 70-76. Social Science Module, ProQuest. Web. 4 Jun. 2010.
Bhargav-Spantsel et al. Privacy preserving multi-factor authentication with biometrics. Journal of Computer Security (15) (2007): 529-560. IOS Press.
Biometrics elates to IT Security
Enterprises are more reliant on their information assets and computer systems than factory machinery or production equipment. Ironically these fixed assets of companies are protected more effectively than the main IT systems of a business. While there are a myriad of security technologies available today, biometrics shows the most potential for creating and sustaining a unified, enterprise wide security for a company's IT and information assets better than any other (Crosbie, 2005). The intent of this research design and methodology is to define the financial and operational benefits of biometrics being used as an integral component of an enterprise IT security strategy.
Biometric Components and their Implications
Implementing an enterprise-wide biometric system requires a model-centric approach over using a process-based approach to securing IT systems, information and the knowledge they deliver. Model-based biometrics are more secure and scale beyond the limits of traditional IT technologies as these…...
mlaResources:
Crosbie, M. (2005). Biometrics for enterprise security. Network Security, 2005(11), 4-8.
Matyas, Stephen M, Jr., & Stapleton, J. (2000). A biometric standard for information management and security. Computers & Security, 19(5), 428-441.
Wang, J., Liu, C., & Shyu, J.Z. (2013). Biometrics technology evaluating and selecting model building. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 25(9), 1067.
(2003) According to Gray, the current direction of surveillance in society is "toward omnipresence; more spaces are watched in more ways, capturing information about those within." (2003)
IV. IOMETRICS in SOCIETY ECOMING PERVASIVE
The work of Karsten Weber entitled: "The Next Step: Privacy Invasions by iometrics and ICT Implants" relates that there are various forms of biometric recognition technology which are based on both physiological and behavioral characteristics which include those as follows: (1) Facial thermogram; (2) Hand geometry; (3) Iris scanning; (4) Retinal scanning; (6) Vein checking; (7) Gait recognition; (8) keystroke analysis; (9) mouse dynamics; (10) signature analysis; and (11) Voice verification. (2006) Weber states that furnishing real life space with "the advantages of ICT" is likely to result in life be "overridden by the disadvantages of infringements into our privacy..." (2006) Weber relates that while biometrics for protection of the elderly individual who is in bad health is…...
mlaBibliography
Weber, Karsten (2006) the Next Step: Privacy Invasions by Biometrics and ICT Implants Ubiquity -- Volume 7, Issue 45 (November 21, 2006 November 27, 2006)
Gray, Mitchell (2003) Urban Surveillance and Panopticism: Will We Recognize the Facial Recognition Society?" Surveillance and Society 1(3): 314-330.
Foucault, Michel Discipline & Punish: The Birth of the Prison (NY: Vintage Books 1995) pp. 195-228 translated from the French by Alan Sheridan (translation 1977). Online available at http://www.trust-us.ch/cryptome/03-Cartome-061213/foucault.htm
Power and Panopticism Biometrics
Essay Topics on Adidas: A Comprehensive Analysis
1. The Rise and Evolution of Adidas: A Study in Sports Marketing
Trace the origins and growth of Adidas, examining its key marketing strategies and product innovations.
Analyze the company's target audience, brand positioning, and communication channels.
Discuss the challenges and opportunities Adidas has faced in the competitive sportswear market.
2. Adidas's Social and Environmental Impact: A Critical Assessment
Evaluate Adidas's commitment to social responsibility and sustainability initiatives.
Examine the company's efforts to address issues such as labor rights, environmental protection, and diversity and inclusion.
Discuss the effectiveness of these initiatives and their impact on....
1. Self-Checkout: A Revolution in the Retail Industry
This title highlights the transformative impact of self-checkout technology on the retail industry. It suggests that self-checkout has revolutionized the way customers shop and pay for goods, leading to significant changes in store operations, customer behavior, and the overall shopping experience.
2. The Rise of Self-Checkout: Convenience, Efficiency, and the Changing Role of Cashiers
This title emphasizes the convenience and efficiency that self-checkout offers to customers, as well as the changing role of cashiers in the face of this technology. It explores how self-checkout has streamlined the checkout process, reduced wait times, and empowered customers....
Original Thesis Statement:
Facial recognition technology offers both advantages and disadvantages, impacting privacy concerns and raising questions about the potential for misuse.
Refined Thesis Statement:
The proliferation of facial recognition technology presents a double-edged sword, balancing potential benefits such as enhanced security and convenience with profound ethical implications and privacy concerns.
Introduction:
Facial recognition technology has emerged as a ubiquitous tool in modern society, transforming various aspects of our lives. While it offers undeniable advantages, the concerns surrounding its potential for misuse and ethical implications cannot be overlooked. This paper aims to critically examine the pros and cons of facial recognition technology, exploring both its....
Refined Thesis Statement:
The multi-layered security protocols employed by modern online banking platforms, combined with robust user awareness and vigilance, effectively safeguard financial transactions, mitigating cyber threats and ensuring the integrity of online financial services.
Supporting Arguments:
Multi-Layered Security Protocols:
Strong Authentication: Two-factor authentication (2FA) and biometrics provide an additional layer of protection by requiring multiple forms of authentication.
Encryption: Advanced encryption algorithms ensure that data is securely transmitted and stored, protecting against eavesdropping and data breaches.
Firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs): These systems monitor network traffic for suspicious activity and block unauthorized access.
Secure Socket Layer (SSL)/Transport Layer Security (TLS): Encrypts....
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