Biomedical
Statement of Purpose -- Biomedical

The potential for using advanced technologies to treat the most problematic, persistent diseases humans face shows great potential in improving the quality of life globally. This is especially true in nations that have high birth rates and not enough medical facilities for the entire population, as is the case in many nations in Asia. The rapid growth of biomedical engineering and its many facets from clinical engineering, genetic engineering, medical devices, neural engineering and medical imaging taken together contribute to a 57% growth rate in patent development annually in the United States alone and nearly a $75B industry annually, growing at 27% a year (Pretorius, Winzker, 2011). In addition these technologies are contributing to higher levels of accuracy in diagnosing and treating diseases.

Interest in Engineering and Telecommunications

My innate skills are in biology, math and science, and throughout my undergraduate studies I became very interested in how…...

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References

Anderson, G.F., & Russe, C.M. (1987). Biomedical research and technology development. Health Affairs, 6(2), 85-92.

Boehm, T. (2005). How can we explain the american dominance in biomedical research and development? Journal of Medical Marketing, 5(2), 158-166,107-108.

Gwynne, P. (2008). MIT recruiting engineers for biomedical research. Research Technology Management, 51(4), 5-6.

Olesen, D.E. (1999). Navigating the technology jungle: Applications of emerging biomedical technologies. Vital Speeches of the Day, 65(21), 665-669.

From the other end, the medical community is aiming to perfect their current bioinformatics computational tools. In other words, the search for the best formats to organize medical information as passed through the World Wide Web is also underway. "With the assistance of high-performance parallel computer to enhance the network connections and interactive user interface, the scaleable parallel computer architectures provide the biomedical researchers with massive amount of accurate data for long searches or computations in record time." (Lei 1998). Generally, protocols are in development to make the patient, doctor, electronic transactions as smooth, effortless, and flawless as possible. Not only that, but such a network could possibly alert various medical organizations around the country as to specific locations and occurrences of future epidemics -- which could be very useful to stopping the spread. Such an efficient plan "requires careful management to bring people and technology together in creative and…...

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Bibliography

Jennings, Ken and Kurt Miller and Sharyn Materna. (1997). Changing Health Care. Santa Monica: Anderson Consulting.

Lei, Polin P. "Harnessing Biomedical Resources for Cooperation and Collaboration: Cases in Bioinformatics and Nutritional Sciences." (1998). Special Libraries Association. Tuscan: University of Arizona Publications.

Biomedical Ethics
The Case of Scott Starson

In 1999, Scott Starson was involuntarily committed to a psychiatric hospital in Ontario after he had been found not criminally responsible for two counts of uttering death threats. Starson had a history of psychiatric disorders, and had recently been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Starson recognized his disorder and voluntarily underwent psychotherapy, but he refused any medication for the condition. Starson, a gifted theoretical physicist, believed the medications would destroy his ability to pursue his research, which in his opinion was the only thing that gave his life meaning. Physicians and officials believed Mr. Starson was unable to genuinely appreciate the value of treatment, so they petitioned to have his treatment decisions transferred to a surrogate. The petition was granted, but Mr. Starson appealed in a case that made its way up to the Supreme Court of Canada, which overturned the decision and asserted that Mr.…...

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Works Cited

Brean, J. (2013, February 4). Professor Starson's landmark case established legal right to refuse medication, but he's still fighting his own battle. Retrieved from National Post:  http://news.nationalpost.com/2013/02/04/professor-starsons-landmark-case-established-legal-right-to-refuse-medication-but-hes-still-fighting-his-own-battle/ 

Center for Cognitive Liberty & Ethics. (2000, August 24). The Neuroethics Project. Retrieved from Center for Cognitive Liberty & Ethics: http://www.cognitiveliberty.org/neuro/Starson.html

Makin, K. (2003, June 6). Scott Starson. Retrieved from Injusticebuster:  http://injusticebusters.org/2003/Starson_Scott.htm 

O'Neil, J. (2005, May 18). Mentally ill genius who took case to top court was starving himself. Retrieved from Psych Links:  http://forum.psychlinks.ca/forensic-psychology-and-criminal-justice/2137-the-starson-case.html

Biomedical Ethics: Euthanasia
Mercy killing continues to elicit debates on the moral and ethical aspects involved in conducting the act. Mercy killing, which is also called euthanasia, is a practice that medical professionals consider to assist the terminally ill patients (Huxtable 21). Terminal illnesses do not have a cure, or such conditions that have terminal consequence are irreversible. For instance, the case of Paul Mills, who was terminally ill due to cancer of the esophagus, is an illustration of euthanasia. The doctor involved, Dr. Nancy Morrison arrived at the conclusion after the patient agreed to have the practice performed on him. Euthanasia is currently a discussion subject in the legal context as governments and medical organizations seek to establish legal regulations and definitions of the practice. However, the moral and social ethical values are the focus of many who have diverse views of the impacts of euthanasia.

Arguments against euthanasia

The case of…...

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Works cited

Diaconescu, Amelia Mihaela. "Euthanasia." Contemporary Readings in Law and Social

Justice 4.2 (2012): 474-83. ProQuest.Web. 30 Sep. 2013.

Huxtable, Richard. Euthanasia, Ethics, and the Law: From Conflict to Compromise-Abingdon,

Oxon: Routledge-Cavendish, 2007. Print.

Biomedical issues of HIV / AIDS
Efforts and initiatives directed toward the prevention of HIV / AIDS are of the utmost importance and a top priority for researchers and practitioners within the healthcare field. Although education initiatives directed specifically toward segments of the population who are particularly high risk of contracting the disease have been the most widely used prevention strategies, research has more recently demonstrated the potential effectiveness of pharmacological agents administered as preventative measures against HIV / AIDS. The following discussion outlines a project aimed at the development of an effective implementation program for preexposure prophylaxis that would encourage and support adherence and effective prevention of HIV / AIDS.

Goals and Objectives

Previous research has provided evidence for the effectiveness of certain medications in the prevention of HIV / AIDS. In particular, recent attention has been paid by researchers toward the effectiveness of pre-exposure prophylaxis for the prevention of infection by…...

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References

Abdool, K.Q., Abdool, K.S., Frohlich, J.A., Grobler, A.C., Baxter, C., Mansoor, L.,E., Kharsany, A.B., Sibeko, S., Mlisana, K.P., Omar, Z., Gengiah, T.N., Maarschalk, S., Arulappan, N., Morris, L., Taylor, D. (2010). Effectiveness and safety of tenofovir gel, an antiretroviral microbicide, for the prevention of HIV infection in women. Science, 329(5996), 1168-74.

Heneine, W., Kashuba, A. (2012). HIV prevention by oral preexposure prophylaxis. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine. 2(3)

Krakower, D., Mayer, K.H. (2011). Promising prevention approaches: tenofovir gel and prophylactic use of antiretroviral medications. Current HIV / AIDS Reports, 8(4), 241-8.

Myers, G.M., Mayer, K.H. (2011). Oral perexposure anti-HIV prophylaxis for high-risk U.S. populations: current considerations in light of new findings. AIDS: Patient Car and STDs, 25(2), 63-71.

Biomedical Ethics -- eflection of "I Am Sam"
The treatment of vulnerable population in situations of legal rights is an ever-growing dilemma. In the movie "I Am Sam," Sam is a mentally disabled father seen as unfit to care for his daughter. Because of social workers observations, the courts removed the daughter from his care. Individuals with mental disabilities, like Sam, suffer daily with basic right infringements. People are quick to pass judgment on individuals like Sam, even to the point of placing stress on their basic liberties of justice and the pursuit of happiness. The question stands however, what are the ethical principles involved in the treatment of vulnerable individuals and what potential legal challenges could arise? Using Benedictine values as the underlining influence, a discussion the treatment of vulnerable populations and legal challenges will ensue.

Applying ethical principles to the basic needs of the disabled is a common curtsey as…...

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Reference

Munson, R. (1979). Intervention and reflection: Basic issues in medical ethics. The Wadsworth series in social philosophy. Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth Pub. Co.

Nelson, J. (Director). (2002). "I Am Sam" [Film]. Los Angeles: New Line Cinemas, Warner Brothers.

Biomedical Ethics
The case of Dr. Nancy Morrison and Mr. Mills is an important one, as it forces the legal system to tackle the question of Euthanasia and end of life care. The important questions raised by this case are what is the extent of a doctor's responsibilities towards a patient that is in pain and dying, can a doctor make a judgment call and end a patient's life prematurely; can a patient make that decision on their own? Is it ethical to let a patient die in agonizing pain for hours? Also, is it ethical to make that decision as a healthcare provider? The paper will examine the specifics of the case, the extent of the suffering Mr. Mills underwent, and the ethical and moral issues associated with Dr. Morrison's actions.

The specifics of the case are as follows, Mr. Mills was admitted to the Moncton General Hospital in April 1996…...

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Works Cited

Collier, Carol, and Rachel Frances Christine Haliburton. Bioethics in Canada: a concise philosophical introduction. Toronto: Canadian Scholars' Press Inc., 2011. Print.

Reynolds, Sharon, Andrew B. Cooper, and Martin McKneally. "Withdrawing Life-Sustaining Treatment: Ethical Considerations." Surgical Clinics of North America 87.4 (2007): 469-480. Print.

Sneiderman, Barney, and Raymond Deutscher. "Dr. Nancy Morrison and her dying patient: a case of medical necessity." Health Law Journal 10 (2002): 1-30. Print.

To make sure that the prisoner's viewpoint is observed, review boards must consist of at least one inmate or inmate representative when examining such research (Kluge, 2010).
Children

In researches dealing with kids, government laws require that guardians or parents to give authorization. In most cases, the child may assent whenever possible. Parent's authorization is one factor of the "special protections" provided to this vulnerable segment. The need to obtain assent provides regard for the autonomy of kids and teenagers.

Cognitively Impaired Subjects

Issues concerning research among cognitively impaired subjects, such as individuals with a mental sickness or dementia, center on their potential to give consent. Currently, government laws do not specifically address research actions, including adults who lack decision-making potential. The Common law allows researchers to obtain consent from a subject's "legally approved representative." However, whether an unskilled individual's proxy has the right to approve research participation remains to be a function…...

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References

Chin, R.Y., & Lee, B.Y. (2008). Principles and practice of clinical trial medicine. London: Academic.

Kluge, E.-H. W. (2010). Readings in biomedical ethics: A Canadian focus. Scarborough, Ont: Prentice Hall Toronto.

Leino-Kilpi, H. (2010). Patient's autonomy, privacy and informed consent. Amsterdam [u.a: IOS Press [u.a..

Marshall, P.L. (2007). Ethical challenges in study design and informed consent for health research in resource-poor settings. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.

At a first glance, the main assumption of utilitarianism that preaches the greatest good for the greatest number seems the right decision. According to Maguire (cited in Gula, 1991), however, physical life is not the greatest or absolute value and death is not the absolute evil. There are other values that transcend physical life, such as personal integrity, human dignity, and the freedom to determine the direction of one's life according to one's convictions. Therefore, the persons in cause have the right to decide for themselves when their life should end. When a person considers that personality is extinguished there is no reason to preserve biological life, since integrity, human dignity and freedom require and suggest the right to make a decision concerning life and death. Such choice proves a relief to relatives and family and makes possible a reallocation of medical resources.
In conclusion, the paper reflected on the…...

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References

Gula R. (1991) Moral Perspectives on Euthanasia. Studies in Christian Ethics; 4; 22, retrieved at  http://sce.sagepub.com

biomedical ethics research, internet searching articles, specific topic-based book Ethical Issues in Modern Medicine, Bonnie Steinbock, John D. Arras, Alex J. London 7th ed. The General topic: Part 2 Allocation, Social Justice, health Policy.
Organ donation: Ethics of gift vs. market exchanges

The dramatic difference between the philosophy of deontological, or Kantian ethics and consequential or situational, utilitarian ethics would seem to be crystallized in the issues that arise over the ethics of paid organ donations. From a utilitarian viewpoint, the more people who donate organs, the better. Increased organ donation to preserve more human lives would seem to be a universal 'good.' The more people who donate organs, the more people will live. The ethics of how increased donations arise, barring the untimely termination of the donor's life is of less consequence than the fact that they do arise. Thus allowing individuals to donate organs in exchange for money is…...

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Works Cited

Rutecki, Gregory W. "Commodities Trading or Gift Exchange: Where will tomorrow's organ donors come from?" The Center for Bioethics and Human Dignity. December 1, 2010.

 http://www.cbhd.org/content/commodities-trading-or-gift-exchange

Child Limit Laws
Biomedical Ethics

The debate regarding the right of having children against the importance of national family planning has raged for years. In the late 1960s, many strongly believed that a decline in fertility rates would slow population growth, especially in developing countries and thus reduce poverty. This was the popular view at the time but in the 1980s, there emerged a fresh thinking about the right to bear children. The proponents of this alternative view based their argument on the thought that demographic characteristics had no role in reduction of poverty Huang, Mincy and Garfinkel 1216()

New evidence has emerged that support the first view and showed that trends in the population are important in reducing poverty. However, the challenge for this is that there is progress in ensuring economic and social empowerment of the population including their right to bear children. By presenting the case for both arguments, it…...

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Works cited

Apel, Robert, et al. "Using State Child Labor Laws to Identify the Causal Effect of Youth Employment on Deviant Behavior and Academic Achievement." Journal of Quantitative Criminology 24.4 (2008): 337-62. Print.

Edmonds, Eric V. "Does Child Labor Decline with Improving Economic Status?" The Journal of Human Resources 40.1 (2005): 77-99. Print.

Genicot, Garance. "Malnutrition and Child Labor." The Scandinavian Journal of Economics 107.1 (2005): 83-102. Print.

Gordon, Rachel A., and Robin S. Hognas. "The Best Laid Plans: Expectations, Preferences, and Stability of Child-Care Arrangements." Journal of Marriage and Family 68.2 (2006): 373-93. Print.

USPTO website and pick a patent related to medical device or drug
Review the patent and write brief summary of the finding

Patent #7,828,438 Method and apparatus for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's using non-invasive eye tomography by Terahertz, provides a proposed method of detection and possible diagnosis for early stage Alzheimer's Disease (AD) through a noninvasive scan of the eye to compare the amyloidal plaque in the eye to a control. The findings of the patent is that the method may prove a viable method of detecting plaque deposits in eyes which have been shown in other research to simultaneously deposit on the lenses of the eyes as well as the key areas of the brain which are affected by Alzheimer's

Review the "claims" and present the details of what the patent claims

The system is novel in that it does not use laser light, but instead claims to use a form of…...

Ethical Principles in Biomedical esearch
Biomedical research is a field of medical research which is used to assist and support the body of knowledge that is available in the field of medicine. It is divided into two major categories. The first is the evaluation of new treatments for both their efficacy and safety in what are known as clinical trials. This kind of research contributes in the development of new forms of treatment. The second category is the preclinical research which is conducted to specifically elaborate on the knowledge available in order to develop new therapeutic strategies.

ole and impact of government regulatory agencies

Biomedical research is a highly regulated field. This is because it can directly or indirectly because of several reasons. The first is that it uses human subjects. Second is that it can cause serious harm, directly and indirectly, to the human subjects under test. National regulatory authorities have a…...

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References

Bosk, C.L., & Vries, R.G. d. (2004). Bureaucracies of Mass Deception: Institutional Review Boards and the Ethics of Ethnographic Research. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 595, 249-263.

DuBois, J.M. (2009). The Biomedical Ethics Ontology Proposal: Excellent Aims, Questionable Methods. Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics: An International Journal, 4(1), 59-62.

Emanuel, E.J., Wendler, D., Killen, J., & Grady, C. (2004). What Makes Clinical Research in Developing Countries Ethical? The Benchmarks of Ethical Research. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 189(5), 930-937.

Fadare, J.O., & Porteri, C. (2010). Informed Consent in Human Subject Research: A Comparison of Current International and Nigerian Guidelines. Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics: An International Journal, 5(1), 67-74.

The suggestion that lies behind this study is that healthcare professionals must look into the details of everyday life and seek to understand how the aspirations of diverse groups affect their choices and goals.
On deeper cultural levels, African-Americans also face unique problems that relate to health and well-being. The African-American family appears almost endangered in modern day America, and African-Americans face thereby a real problem when it comes to finding the necessary familial and community support when faced by major health crises. In area after area, Blacks do not receive the same kind of aggressive treatment as received by Whites. In a study of 53,000 African-American heart attack victims, it was found that Whites received much more aggressive treatment and care, while only forty-seven percent of impoverished African-Americans received treatment in intensive care units as compared to seventy percent of Whites in similar economic circumstances (Jewell, 2003, p. 196).…...

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References  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=104644050 

Casper, L.M., & King, R.B. (2004). 4 Changing Families, Shifting Economic Fortunes, and Meeting Basic Needs. In Work-Family Challenges for Low-Income Parents and Their Children, Crouter, a.C. & Booth, a. (Eds.) (pp. 55-78). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

A www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5010849171

Copeland, V.C. (2005). African-Americans: Disparities in Health Care Access and Utilization. Health and Social Work, 30(3), 265+.

A www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5014887972

Miniature Antennas for Biomedical Applications
Most of the studies on microwave antennas for medical applications have concentrated on generating hyperthermia for medical treatments and monitoring several physiological parameters. The types of antenna implanted depend of the location. Besides the medical therapy and diagnosis the telecommunications are considered as significant functions for implantable medical devices those needs to transmit diagnosis information. The design of the antennas catering to MEMS and NANO technology therefore should be smaller enough with cost effective, low power consumption etc.

esearch is going on since long in the field of development of wireless interfaces for environmental and biomedical sensor devices. CMOS and F MEMS circuits, miniature antennas and sensor networking are now being explored. Complete process involving such elements is developed and is being experimented. Wireless interfaces are now being devised for neural probes, cochlear implants and for development of other biomedical devices like arterial stent monitors etc.…...

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References

A Miniature / Randome Antenna Array. Retrieved from   Accessed 23, August, 2005http://www.silcom.com/~pelican2/MINI_INTRO.html 

Application of MEMS Technology for High Speed Gel Electrophoresis. Retrieved from Accessed 22, August, 2005http://www.inrf.uci.edu/research/posters/Application_of_MEMS_Technology_for_High_Speed_Gel_Electrophoresis_Prof_Mark_Bachman_UCI_949-824-6421_Kuosheng_Ma.pdf

Best, Steven. R. Optimizing the Performance of Electrically Small Antennas. Retrieved from   Accessed 21 August, 2005http://www.ieeeaps.org/lecturers.html 

Creatative ideas and exciting applications with challenging scientific breakthroughs. Retrieved from   Accessed 21 August, 2005http://biomems.uwaterloo.ca/research.html 

Health informatics, also known as healthcare informatics or biomedical informatics, refers to a discipline that is a hybrid of science and engineering and involves the application of informatics fields to medicine.  There are number of different topics that fall under the healthcare informatics umbrella, though the creation of electronic health records for patients is probably the most widely used application.   

Essay Titles and Essay topics for Health Informatics

Tallying the Tests: How Monitoring COVID-19 Test Results Has Helped Track the Pandemic in the U.S. and Abroad

Vaccine Records and Privacy Concerns: How Do State....

Example Bibliography for an essay on assisted living.

Writing about assisted living facilities can be challenging, because many of the sources that you will find online will be advertising for assisted living, rather than factual and informative pieces.  An assisted living facility is a housing facility for people who cannot or choose not to live independently.  They can range from facilities where there is a minimum amount of help to full-care nursing facilities.  In fact, many facilities offer a range of housing options, which are adaptable as a person’s ability to live independently....

I. Introduction:
A. Define Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its relevance in healthcare.
B. Provide a brief overview of the history of AI in healthcare.
C. Thesis statement: The impact of AI on healthcare and its potential to revolutionize the industry.

II. AI in Healthcare Today:
A. Diagnosis and Medical Imaging:
1. Explain AI's role in analyzing medical images and assisting healthcare professionals in diagnosing various diseases and conditions.
2. Discuss specific examples of AI systems used in medical imaging, such as deep learning algorithms for cancer detection and image-based diagnosis tools.

B. Clinical Decision Support Systems:
1. Describe how AI-powered clinical....

I. Introduction
A. Definition of 3D printing
B. Importance of 3D printing in various industries
C. Thesis statement: This essay will explore the various applications and benefits of 3D printing technology.

II. Overview of 3D Printing Process
A. Explanation of additive manufacturing technique
B. Brief description of the different types of 3D printing technologies
C. Importance of materials used in 3D printing

III. Applications of 3D Printing
A. Healthcare Industry
1. Creation of biomedical implants and prosthetics
2. Development of medical devices and equipment
3. Advancements in drug delivery systems

B. Manufacturing Industry
1. Rapid prototyping for product development
2. Customization and....