iomechanics is the application of mechanics to biological systems. iomechanics is alternatively known as Kinesiology. iomechanics finds its origins from the beginning of scientific and social thought. Socrates averred that if we were to understand the world around us, we ought to first understand ourselves. Aristotle (384-322 .C.) is considered the, "Father of Kinesiolgy." His treatises described the actions of the muscles and subjected them to geometric analysis for the first time. Around that time, Archimedes also identified the relationship of a systems' mechanics to identify motion in swimming, taking into account gravity and leverage. Galen, a Roman, can be considered as the first "team physician." He tended to gladiators. Glen worked to identify muscles, bones and nerves in his studies. Later, Galileo applied the laws of trajectory to identify muscle motion. The artist and scientist Leonardo Da Vinci provided the first comprehensive sketch of the human body. His seminal…...
mlaBibliography
ASB-Biomech.org. American Society of Biomechanics. 2003. ASB-Biomech.org. Available:
7 2003.http://asb-biomech.org/.October ,
Huff, S.J. Electromyography. 2002. Emedicine.com. Available:
October 7, 2003.http://www.emedicine.com/aaem/topic179.htm.
Biomechanics of the Shoulder
Since the time of Leonardo di Vinci's pioneering exploration of the human anatomy, man has recognized the perfect union of form and function found in the shoulder joint. Providing a fortuitous combination of mobility and stability, the shoulder joint complex permits a wide range of motion that differentiates human arm movement from that of lower animals. Examined from the unique perspective offered by modern biomechanical research, the shoulder joint is considered to have played a pivotal role in the human evolutionary process, enabling man to better utilize projectile weapons by developing accurate throwing techniques, among other advantageous adaptive qualities. Today, the study of shoulder biomechanics is an essential component of clinical orthopedic care, sports medicine, mechanical injury rehabilitation and a wide array of other fields. By conducting a thorough review of the prevailing research on shoulder biomechanics, the splendidly simple yet efficiently effective structural composition of this…...
mlaReferences
Ludewig, P.M., & Braman, J.P. (2011). Shoulder impingement: biomechanical considerations in rehabilitation. Manual therapy, 16(1), 33-39. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3010321/
Lugo, R., Kung, P., & Ma, C.B. (2008). Shoulder biomechanics. European journal of radiology, 68(1), 16-24. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0720048X08001277
Nordin, M., & Frankel, V.H. (Eds.). (2001). Basic biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system.
Wolters Kluwer Health.
Biomechanical Description of Technique:
The experimental technique consisted of precise measurements of several knee angles known to be relevant to PFPS symptoms and to acute ACL injuries. Those measurements were ascertained through the use of skin markers distributed on the lower extremities on subjects with no known histories of knee pathology or symptomatic complaints. After measuring VV and IE angles in the neutral barefoot position, the researchers made similar measurements of those angles in several ski boot positions, including standing, canted, and rotated positions within the adjustable limitations of the ski boots. They also conducted measurements of simulated loading positions natural to skiing, achieved through the use of an angled platform duplicating the ski slope angle and a weighted pulley system designed to transmit downward forces between the skier and the sloped platform in the same perpendicular angle experienced during actual skiing.
Critical Analysis of Technique Selected:
The technique selected provides an analysis…...
mlaReferences
Journal of Biomechanics 41 (2008) Effect of ski boot settings on tibio-femoral abduction and rotation during standing and simulated skiing; 498-505.
Jete'
Analysis of the Muscles Involved
The Center of Gravity
Analysis of the Injuries Prone to the Movement
It is not known when leaping first appeared in dance. Many ancient forms of dance involve leaping. The most common connotation of leaping is found in ballet. Ballet reached the height of its popularity during the reign of Louis XIV at the end of the late 17th and early 18th centuries. It was because of leaps that the ballet dancers shortened their skirts. The French Dancer, Marie Camargo broke convention and shortened her skirts to emphasize her leaps and jumps (Thinkquest, 2002).
Leaping refers to a movement taking off from one foot and landing on the other foot. There are five types of jumps in ballet. This particular type of leap is called a jete' A leap in dance is often proceeded by a preparatory move such a one or more approach steps or a plie.…...
mlaWorks Cited
Author unknown. The Physics of Dance. Kent School District. 1998. Retrieved from http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/staff/trobinso/physicspages/PhysOf1998A/Dance -
Mertel/The%20Physics%20of.html
accessed August, 2002.
Becker, T.J. Kinetic and kinematic parameters of landing impact forces in the dance jump and leap, 1964. Ph.D thesis., Indiana University.
Biomechanical Priciples
Biomechanical Principles
Biomechanics is the study of mechanical and physics principles in relation to motion in sports. Every sport has its biomechanical theories and each one is specialized to that particular skill with equations derived from Newtonian physics and knowledge of the human body and its capabilities. When combined and properly practiced, biomechanics can improve an athletes overall performance, making the athlete superior to their competitors.
The freestyle arm-pull in swimming is a precise study in the art of biomechanics introduced for an efficient result. It is an established fact that water is 773 times as dense as air and 55 times as viscous (Miller, 1975). What this means is that planning an efficient stroke in water is going to require greater strategy than planning an efficient stroke in air. The primary factors that go into creating the ideal stroke in swimming are vectors, motion, force, work, and power.
Vectors
The primary vectors…...
mlaReferences
Boone, Tommy; Birnbaum, Larry (2005). Exercise Physiology: Professional Issues, Organizational Concerns, and Ethical Trends. Edward Mellen Pr.
Burkett, Brendan (2012). Basic principles for understanding sport mechanics. Human Kinetics. Accessed 14 March 2012 from http://www.humankinetics.com/excerpts/excerpts/basic-mechanical-principles
Miller, Doris (1975). Biomechanics of Swimming. Exercise and Sport Sciences. Vol. 3.1, 219-248.
Richardson, AR (1986). The Biomechanics of Swimming: The Shoulder and Knee. Clin Sports Med. Vol 5.1, 103-13.
Practical esearch Finding Implementation and Experimentation Stage -- Phase I
The experimenter did not set out to determine specifically which of the various contributing factors (or combinations of factors) identified by the empirical research of medial tibial stress syndrome was most responsible for the experimenter's symptoms. However, since the initial attempts to resolve the symptoms incorporated changes to all of the external variables except a change in running surface, the experimenter immediately sought a softer running surface and temporarily abandoned running on any hard surface that magnified instead of minimized the physiological trauma associated with running on harder surfaces.
Because the empirical research also implicated poor running stride mechanics and excessive vertical elevation, the experimenter devoted considerable attention to making the following specific changes to the running stride: (1) shorter strides to minimize travel of the body while neither foot is in contact with the running surface; (2) conscious attempts to reduce…...
mlaReferences
AOS. (2007). Shin Splints. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Retrieved October 20, 2009, from: http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00407 .
Braver, R. "How to Test and Treat Exertional Compartment Syndrome: Why the ECS
Diagnosis Is Often Missed" Podiatry Today; Vol. 15 (May 1, 2002). Retrieved
October 20, 2009, from: http://www.podiatrytoday.com/article/382
esearchers believe that incorporating evidence-based prevention methods can decrease the incidence of ACL ruptures, but an understanding of the etiology and mechanisms of sports injury are a necessary to do this (Posthumus, 2009).
The highest prevalence of extrinsic ACL injuries tends to occur in organized sports especially adolescents participating in pivoting type sports such as football, basketball, and team handball (Bahr & Krosshaug, 2005). In addition to any intrinsic factors and adolescent may have, or predisposing factors, environmental factors surrounding organized sports can also play a role in injury. For example, weather conditions (slippery surface), type of surface sport is played on (grass vs. pavement), proper footwear, and protective bracing (Posthumus, 2009).
A growing concern regarding these injuries and the populations that incur them is that these injuries increase the risk of osteoarthritis (Bahr & Krosshaug, 2005). In fact, after ten years, around half of all people that have suffered from…...
mlaREFERENCES
Ageberg, E., Thombe, R., Neeter, C., Gravare Silbernagel, K., Roos, EM. Patients With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Treated With Training and Surgical Reconstruction or Training Only: A Two to Five-Year Followup. Arthritis Care & Research. 2008; 59(12):1773-79.
Bahr, R., Krosshaug, T. Understanding injury mechanisms: a key component of preventing injuries in sport. Br J. Sports Med. 2005; 39:324 -- 329.
Grindstaff, TL., Hammill, RR., Tuzson, AE., Hertel, J. Neuromuscular Control Training Programs and Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Rates in Female Athletes: A Numbers-Needed-to-Treat Analysis. Journal of Athletic Training. 2006; 41(4):450 -- 456.
Health Information Publications (2011). What is the anterior cruciate ligament? eHealthMD retrieved from http://ehealthmd.com
A perfect example of this is located in Chapter three. Chapter three opens with the camera zooming steadily in on a window. The shot then cuts to a shot of streetlights, establishing the time of day as early morning. Even though simply not enough of the room is exhibited to demonstrate what exactly exists within it, the shot following the streetlight is of a woman in bed, strongly suggesting it was her bedroom that the camera was stealthily creeping up to in order to peep through the lace curtains unbeknownst to the sleeping woman.
This voyeurism keeps going even as the aforementioned woman gets up, washes and dresses in various sequences interspersed in chapter three. Vertov's camera cuts from the sleeping woman to the painting on the wall of an old man, located and leering as if he too were watching her sleep.
This voyeurism is further emphasized by the subsequent cut…...
mlaBibliography
Barnouw, Erik (1993) Documentary: A History of the Non-Fiction Film. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press.
Barsam, Richard M (1973) Nonfiction Film: A Critical History. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Beller, Jonathan L (1999) Dziga Vertov and the Film of Money, Boundary 2: An International Journal of Literature and Culture. 26 (3). Duke University Press.
Guynn, William (1990) A Cinema of Nonfiction. Rutherford: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.
Env Design
The field of ergonomics takes into account the following:
Anthropometrics (body measurements)
Biomechanics and physiology
Environmental Ergonomics.
Cognitive ergonomics
Ergonomics design and evaluation
Ergonomics specific needs
Ergonomics law
Three Components of Ergonomics and Environmental / Interior Design
• Anthropometry: body size, strength, shape, and work capacity.
• Ergonomics: study of behavior and activities of people; adapting systems and workstations to the needs of users; different applications in various fields such as biomechanics, environmental, cognitive science
• Relation to Environmental / Interior Design: "Anthropometric data are used to design workspaces, safety equipment and personal protection tools considering the differences between the characteristics, abilities, and physical limits of any particular human body," (p 3)
Key Points of Ergonomic Design
Appropriate for the end user (age, gender)
Do not rely on "average man" theory, which rarely works
Keep in mind reach, clearance, and adjustability factors
Time and funding are considerations in the design and engineering process
Case Study: Hospital Surgical Workplace
The same principles that govern design in other areas…...
Osteomyelitis in the Diabetic Patient
Management OF OSTEOMYELITIS IN THE DIABETIC PATIENT
Osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone or bone marrow which is typically categorized as acute, subacute or chronic.1 It is characteristically defined according to the basis of the causative organism (pyogenic bacteria or mycobacteria) and the route, duration and physical location of the infection site.2 Infection modes usually take one of three forms: direct bone contamination from an open fracture, puncture wound, bone surgery, total joint replacement, or traumatic injury; extension of a soft tissue infection such as a vascular ulcer; or hematogenous (blood borne) spread from other infected areas of the body such as the tonsils, teeth or the upper respiratory system.2(p807) Bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli are the most common causative agents of the disease, although viruses, parasites and fungi may also lead to the development of osteomyelitis.3
Patients most at risk…...
mlaReferences
1. Stedman's Medical Dictionary. 27th ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000.
2. Butalia S, Palda V, Sargeant R, Detsky A, Mourad O. Does This Patient With Diabetes Have Osteomyelitis of the Lower Extremity?. JAMA: Journal of The American Medical Association [serial online]. February 20, 2008; 299(7):806-813. Available from: Academic Search Premier, Ipswich, MA. Accessed September 19, 2012.
3. Lavery L, Peters E, Armstrong D, Wendel C, Murdoch D, Lipsky B. Risk factors for developing osteomyelitis in patients with diabetic foot wounds. Diabetes Research & Clinical Practice [serial online]. March 2009; 83(3):347-352. Available from: Academic Search Premier, Ipswich, MA. Accessed September 19, 2012.
4. Turns M. The diabetic foot: an overview of assessment and complications. British Journal of Nursing [serial online]. August 12, 2011;:S19-S25. Available from: Academic Search Premier, Ipswich, MA. Accessed September 19, 2012.
new branch of science called Sports Science that respectively makes use of motor learning and motor control in the sports industry.
Sports Science
Motor learning and motor control is a field of science that is being studied from a sports point-of-view. Motor learning is connected to all the processes and conditions that affect one's ability to acquire skills, while motor control ascertains neuromuscular performance of individuals. Many people are taking great interest in the learning of motor skills and expertise, and the development of coordination. This new field of sports is based on the use of the knowledge base in the movement and sport sciences, cognitive sciences, and also physical therapy.
Sports science is a new area of study that is forcing people to explore the scientific explanation for David Beckham's superb soccer skills, and even wondering what would Wimbledon be like if say Pete Sampras had to use an old-fashioned wooden…...
mlaReferences
Computational Learning and Motor Control Lab, available at on: November 20, 2003http://www-slab.usc.edu/,accessed
Graduate Programs: Masters in Motor Control, available at accessed on: November 20, 2003http://www.indiana.edu/~kines/ms_motor.html ,
JCU - Motor Learning and Motor Control, available at: www.jcu.edu.au/school/phtm/ises/lev3sub/sp34hbk.html, accessed on: November 20, 2003
Motor Behavior Specialization - Doctoral Degree Program, available at accessed on: November 20, 2003http://www.hhp.ufl.edu/ess/grad/motrbeh1.htm,
The system also has to undergo thousands of cycles and vibrations and needs to be able to stand up to the same reliability standards as the rest of the components on the bike.
Conventional and Proven ear Suspension Designs
Given all of the previously mentioned considerations, the design itself is important in making sure the rider and the manufacturer are getting the most out of the system.
The Fox acing Homepage (2011) has some excellent examples of both the strut style rear suspension as well as the shock with spring and strut combination system. The latter is typically reserved for use on higher-end advanced bikes since these systems are costlier and requires more maintenance. To be more specific, the Van C product represents the higher-end strut and spring combination while the Float design is a basic, oil dampened design for use on more entry-level designs. The Van C model is also an…...
mlaReferences
Bu, Yan; Tian Huang, Zhongxia Xiang, Xiaofan Wu and Chun Chen. (2010). "Optimal design of mountain bicycle based on biomechanics." Transactions of Tianjin University,
Volume 16, Number 1, 45-49.
DT Swiss Homepage. (2011). Accessed Jan. 5 at:
http://www.dtswiss.com/Products/Suspension/DT-Swiss-Shocks.aspx .
The intrinsic approach revolves around the subjective exhilaration and personal meaning that one receives from physical activity; the 'high' that it gives us and the consequent motivation to persist.
Jeff has to find the exercise component that personally gives him the greatest satisfaction and exhilaration and that is relevant to strengthening his back. Finding an activity that is enjoyable for him to engage in and seeing definite results will merge the subjective and extrinsic approaches causing Jeff to retain the motivation to engage in this exercise on a long-term basis.
Factors primary to the enjoyment of the physical activity are that they must provide Jeff with evenly matched challenges -- it must be neither too difficult for him nor too simple, so that he will neither be discouraged nor bored. He must, also, receive clear goals and feedback so that he will best know how to practice the exercise. Feedback will…...
Translational medicine is a new discipline, which covers studies on basic science, on human investigations, non-human investigations, and translational research (Mankoff et al. 2004). asic science studies address the biological effects of medicines on human beings. Studies on humans discover the biology of disease and serve as foundation for developing therapies. Non-human or non-clinical studies advance therapies for clinical use or use in human disease. And translational research refers to appropriate product development for clinical use. Translational research looks into the identity, purity and potency of a drug product during early clinical trial (Mankoff et al.). Translating the knowledge derived from basic sciences into clinical research and treatments is the task of translational medicine (Nagappa 2006). There is a groaning need for this type of research on account of voluminous information in the information age. Using this information is the challenge encountered by scientists and healthcare providers everywhere in the…...
mlaBIBLIOGRAPHY
Hersh, William. A Stimulus to Define Informatics and Health Information Technology.
Vol 9 BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making: BioMed Central Ltd., 2009.
Retrieved on November 24, 2010 from http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6947/24
Mankoff, Stacey P. et al. Lost in Translation: Obstacles to Translational Medicine Vol 2
viable marketing plan for the footwear giant, Nike. The plan has been adequately substantiated with thorough research on different factors affecting the firm along with various ways of addressing future challenges. This research paper highlights that Nike is confronted with multifarious issues which need to be negotiated amicably. Result of the study concludes that there is still a world waiting for the Nike to be exploited, outsmarting its competitors employing its innovative and creative business strategy.
MINI usiness / MARKETING PLAN -- NIKE, INC.
COMPANY OVERVIEW
In 1962, two individuals from the University of Oregon established a small company with the name of lue Ribbon Sports (RS). In 1972, the company was renamed to Nike, the name adopted from the Greek goddess of victory. At present, Nike owns facilities in Oregon, Tennessee, North Carolina and The Netherlands. It also operates leased facilities for 15 Nike-towns, over 80 Nike Factory Stores, 2 NIKE…...
mlaBIBLIOGRAPHY
All Products, Nike.com http://nikeid.nike.com/nikeid/index.jhtml?ref=global_home#category,view_all
Andris A. Zoltners, Prabhakant Sinha, Greggor A. Zoltners, Accelerating Sales Force Performance, April 2001
Catherine Colbert, Nike, Inc.
-- /free-co-factsheet.xhtmlhttp://www.hoovers.com/nike,-inc./--ID__14254
1. The role of sports medicine professionals in preventing and treating sports-related injuries
2. The effectiveness of various rehabilitation techniques in sports medicine
3. The impact of nutrition and hydration on athletic performance and recovery
4. The use of technology and advanced imaging in diagnosing and treating sports injuries
5. The psychological aspects of recovering from a sports injury and returning to play
6. The growing field of sports performance enhancement and its implications for athletes and sports medicine professionals
7. The importance of proper biomechanics and movement patterns in preventing injuries in sports
8. The role of sports medicine in promoting overall health and wellness in....
I. Athletic Injuries and Rehabilitation
The Role of Sports Medicine in Preventing and Treating Athletic Injuries
Advancements in Surgical Techniques for Rotator Cuff Repair
Rehabilitation Protocols for Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injuries
The Impact of Concussions on Long-Term Cognitive Function
II. Sports Nutrition and Performance
The Role of Macronutrients in Enhancing Athletic Performance
Supplements and Ergogenic Aids in Sports: Benefits and Risks
Hydration Strategies for Athletes in Extreme Environments
Nutritional Considerations for Female Athletes
III. Exercise Physiology and Biomechanics
The Effects of Interval Training on Cardiovascular Fitness
The Biomechanics of Running: Injuries and Performance Optimization
The Impact of Muscle Morphology on Athletic....
Historical and Cultural Impact
The Evolution of Football: Tracing Its Origins and Innovations
Football and Society: Exploring Its Role in Shaping Culture and Values
The Global Reach of Football: Analyzing Its Impact on National Identity and Diplomacy
Socioeconomic Perspectives
The Economic Powerhouse of Football: Examining Its Revenue Generation and Impact on Local Economies
Football and Inequality: Exploring the Socioeconomic Disparities Surrounding the Sport
Football as a Catalyst for Social Change: Assessing Its Potential to Empower Marginalized Communities
Performance and Strategy
The Anatomy of a Great Football Team: Identifying the Key Factors for Success
The Science of Football: Analyzing the Biomechanics and Physics....
When it comes to knee osteoarthritis, the alignment and function of the foot can play a crucial role in the development and progression of the condition. Pronated foot posture, where the foot rolls inward and the arch flattens, is one of the common characteristics observed in patients with knee osteoarthritis. This foot posture can have a significant impact on the distribution of forces and loading patterns experienced by the knee joint, ultimately contributing to the degenerative changes seen in osteoarthritis.
One of the key features of a pronated foot in knee osteoarthritis patients is the altered biomechanics it creates during....
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