but, she learned this only functioned as a step on the way toward the wider process. Once more proactive strategies were resumed, techniques such as allowing Max to have a choice of which chores he could choose from helped, as well as did requesting him to complete chores within a couple days time, as opposed to now.
From here, more predictable requests allowed Max to anticipate what would be asked of him, and, eventually, gave him the ability to do a chore before having to be asked, thereby taking him away from the situation and setting which instigated the outbursts of anger. Also, by asking Max to complete a series of ever-so minor tasks, a pattern of success was established, making him more open to the completion of a more involved chore.
Overall, ABA in this context functioned on numerous levels, most of all as a means of simplifying the reasons…...
mla1. Baer, Wolf, Risley. (1968) Some Current Dimensions of Applied Behavior Analysis. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1, 91-97 (Number 1, Spring 1968)
2. Maag J.W. And Kemp S.E. (2003). Behavioral Intent of power and affiliation: implications for functional analysis. Remedial and Special Education, 24 (1), 57-65.
3. McEvoy, a and Welker, R. (2000) Antisocial behavior, academic failure, and school climate: A critical review. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders.
Leadership & Organizational Behavior
Analysis of Leadership Theory and Organizational Behavior Theory
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the servant leadership theory and organizational behavior theory. The first part of the paper is focused on a description of the features of both theories. The second part seeks to point out how both theories are interrelated.
Main discussion of servant leadership theory
a) Definition: Servant leadership is a form of leadership where the leader places followers' interests above his own. The motive of the servant leader's influence is not to direct others but rather motivate and facilitate service and stewardship by the followers themselves. Followers' service to others and stewardship of organizational resources could be construed as organizational citizenship behavior (Vondey (2010), p. 5).
b) Characteristic Features: The servant leader experiences himself as a servant to employees, customers and community as the number one priority. He makes sure that other people's highest priority needs…...
mlaReferences
Ang, S. & van Dyne, L. & Begley, T.M. (2003). The employment relationship of foreign workers vs. local employees: a field study of organizational justice, job satisfaction, performance, and OCB. J. Organiz. Behav. 24, 561-583.
Masterson, S.S. & Stamper, C.L. (2003). Perceived organizational membership: an aggregate framework representing the employee-organization relationship.
J. Organiz. Behav. 24, 473-490.
Spears, L. (2004). Practicing servant-leadership. Leader To Leader, No. 34, Fall 2004,
" (Krapels, 2007) it is additionally related "For the futures-only report, spreading measures the extent to which each non-commercial traders holds equal long and short futures positions. For the options-and-futures-combined report, spreading measures to the extent to which each non-commercial trader holds equal combined-long and combined-short positions." (CFTC, as cited in Krapels, 2007) Krapels states that there are areas where dismissal of causation should not be the projectory in keeping them consistent with normal economic analysis which include: (1) perfect storm episodes because there is a likelihood of time periods when the physical energy market condition and the trading strategies of financial market participants are aligned so well that the result is 'herding' or 'bubbles' or their opposite, crashes; and (2) Variations on the market power syndrome in which it is possible that the positions of some market participants - index funds as one example - are so large as…...
mlaBibliography
Johnson, Toni (2007) Oil Market Volatility. 10 Dec 2007 Council on Foreign Relations. Online available at http://www.cfr.org/publication/15017/
Krapels, Edward N. (2007) Financial Energy Markets and the Bubble in Energy Prices: Does the Increase in Energy Trading by Index and Hedge Funds Affect Energy Prices? Testimony Before a Joint Heating of the U.S. Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Homeland Security and the Governmental Affairs and the Subcommittee on Energy of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. 11 Dec. 2007 Online available at http://hsgac.senate.gov/_files/STMTKRAPELASEdward.pdf
Caruso, Guy F. (2007) EIA Short=-Term Energy and Winter Fuels Outlook. Energy Information Administration. DOE/NASEO 2007/08 Winter Fuels Outlook Conference 9 Oct 2007. Washington D.C. Online available at http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/oil_gas/petroleum/presentations/2007/winterfuels2007/winterfuels2007_files/frame.html
Levin, Carl and Coleman, Norm (2007) Excessive Speculation in the Natural Gas Market. United States Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations- Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. June-July Hearings 2007. Online available at http://hsgac.senate.gov/_files/062507Report.pdf
For the military unit, the defining of specific rank, role and responsibility is the critical catalyst in the structure that makes integrative tasks accomplishable, leading to synergy across the organization. For the musician, their role, responsibility and status as defined by chair in the symphony is also the catalyst of how well synergy of effort can take place. The socio-economic value of each of these organizations is entirely dependent on how well, to the individual role, responsibility and mastery level, each contributor is prepared to deliver values and coordinate efforts. The ability of an organization to become a living system is dependent on how well the roles, responsibilities, expectations and position in the internal ecosystem are defined (Allee, 2009). The leaders of these comparable organizations have a responsibility to enable a consistently high level of autonomy, mastery and purpose for each member of these living organisms so they may…...
mlaReferences
Verna Allee. (2009). Value-creating networks: organizational issues and challenges. The Learning Organization, 16(6), 427-442.
Noruzi, M., & Hernandez, J.. (2010). An Exploration of Partnerships, Coalitions, Sole and Trans-organizational Systems in the Current Turbulent Environment. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 2(1), 33-53.
William E. Schneider. (2000). Why good management ideas fail: the neglected power of organizational culture. Strategy & Leadership, 28(1), 24-29.
Applied Behavior Analysis and Autism
Applied Behavior Analysis & Autism
Reichow, B. And Wolery, M. (2008, June). Comprehensive synthesis of early intensive behavioral interventions for young children with autism based on the UCLA Young Autism Project model. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39, 23-41. DOI 10.1007/s10803-008-0596-0
The use of applied behavior analysis as a treatment intervention for young children with autism is a frequently used and applauded model. The researcher most commonly associated with applied behavior analysis is Ivar Lovaas of the University of California at Los Angeles. Lovaas work with applied behavior analysis, commonly referred to as ABA, began in the 1960s. Eventually, Lovaas work culminated in the establishment of the early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) programs for young children with autism independent of UCLA, but which were based on Lovaas' Young Autism Project (YAP). A comprehensive review of 10 intervention programs by the Committee on Educational Interventions for Children with…...
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) & Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
The work of Cummings and Carr (2009) entitled "Evaluating Progress in Behavioral Programs for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders Via Continuous and Discontinuous Measurement" reports a study that conducted an examination of the effect of two sets of data collected on skill acquisition and maintenance in behavioral treatment programs for children with autism spectrum disorders in terms of the influence of two frequencies that are differentiated.
Methodology & Data Collection/Analysis
It is reported that the provision of "behavior-analytic treatment" that is intensive in nature has been found to "produce substantial improvements in the repertoires of children with autism spectrum disorders." (Cummings and Carr, 2009, p.57) Cummings and Carr report that two approaches that are of a "disparate" nature "have emerged in the autism treatment community. In continuous measurement systems, it is reported, "data regarding learner responding and prompt level are recorded for every trial."…...
mlaReferences
Cummings, Anne R. And Carr, James E. (2009) Evaluating Progress in Behavioral Programs for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders Via Continuous and Discontinuous Measurement. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. No.1 Spring 2009. 42, 57-71.
Target Behavior and ABA
A target behavior, according to Volpe, DiPerna, Hintze and Shapiro (2005), should give an accurate description and definition of the behavior; it should also be positive and have boundaries. The target behavior identified for this study is for the autistic child to obey verbal commands. The method used to define this target and to assess treatment are several: rating scales, observation, IQ tests as well as "the social-cultural-physical environment" in which the child lives, can all be utilized (Ollendick, Cerny, 2010, p. 33).
Internal, external and social validity are ways to determine the nature of the target behavior and the experiment surrounding it. Internal validity is when a cause-and-effect relationship is determined between the independent and the dependent variables. The way an experiment is designed will help to identify if the case has internal validity, though there might also be unanticipated factors impacting the results that the researcher…...
mlaReferences
Mohammadzaheri, F., Koegel, L., Rezaee, M., Rafiee, S. (2014). A randomized clinical trial comparison between pivotal response treatment (PRT) and structure applied behavior analysis (ABA) intervention for children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(11): 2769-2777.
Ollendick, T., Cerny, J. (2010). Clinical Behavior Therapy with Children. NY: Plenum
Press.
Volpe, R., DiPerna, J., Hintze, J., Shapiro, E. (2005). Observing students in classroom
Applied Behavioral Analysis & Autism
Applied Behavioral Analysis of Autism and Severe Intellectual Disability
Home-Based Behavioral Treatment of Young Children with Autism: A eview
The study conducted by Sheinkopf and Siegel exposes serious gaps in autism treatment knowledge rather than coming to specific conclusions about the effectiveness of home-based behavioral treatment (1998). The primary outcome of the study was the finding of positive therapeutic effects when treatment was implemented in the affected children's homes, outside the more closely controlled setting of an academic research center. It effectively showed that home-based behavior treatment for children with autism is plausible and appears to have a positive impact on the children's IQ and symptomatology. The study methodology, however, was compromised by a number of significant limitations and biases.
The largest limitation of the study consists of its failure to effectively isolate variables. The positive outcome of the study, therefore, cannot be attributed to any of the factors…...
mlaReferences:
1. Sheinkopf SJ, Siegel B. (1998). Home-Based Behavioral Treatment of Young Children with Autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 28, 1, 15-23.
2. Osborne LA, McHugh L, Saunders J, Reed P. (2008). Parenting Stress Reduces the Effectiveness of Early Teaching Interventions for Autistic Spectrum Disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 1092-1103.
3. Sawyer MG, Bittman M, La Greca AM, Crettenden AD, Harchak TF, Martin J. (2010). Time Demands of Caring for Children with Autism: What are the Implications for Maternal Mental Health? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40, 620-628.
4. Rickards AL, Walstab JE, Wright-Rossi RA, Simpson J, Reddihough DS. (2007). A Randomized, Controlled Trial of a Home-Based Intervention Program for Children with Autism and Developmental Delay. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 28, 308-316.
FedEx was founded by Fred Smith, an ex-Marine who served in Vietnam, and the company retains strong elements of military culture (Smith, 2008). The company fosters its culture in several ways -- in the training process, through corporate lore, and through communications between different levels. As a result, FedEx has a fairly strong corporate culture. They have, however, had challenges in the past when growing via acquisition. Sometimes the acquired company does not adjust well to the FedEx culture, and this happened most prominently with the acquisition of Kinko's, a company that had a dramatically different culture (Goldgeier, 2007). This paper will examine the organizational behavior at FedEx, where it pertains to both the company's culture and its organizational design.
Type of Culture
The culture at FedEx was formed in its early days. There are two major influences. The first is the military culture that founder Fred Smith brought with him.…...
mlaReferences
Goldgeier, D. (2007) A ream of culture clashes at FedEx Kinko's. AdPulp. Retrieved March 12, 2014 from http://www.adpulp.com/a_ream_of_cultu/
Riley, G. (2012). Motivation theory -- Maslow. Tutor2U.net. Retrieved March 12, 2014 from http://www.tutor2u.net/business/people/motivation_theory_maslow.asp
Smith, F. (2008). What the Marine Corps taught me can be seen every day at FedEx. Proceedings, U.S. Naval Institute. Retrieved March 12, 2014 from https://www.usni.org/userfiles/file/%20Sept/ATC%20Sept%2008.pdf
Thornton, B. (2012). Melting pots and salad bowls. Hoover Institution. Retrieved March 12, 2014 fro http://www.hoover.org/publications/hoover-digest/article/132541
Challenging Behaviors
Shouting No
Isolation from other students
Pulling hair
Wadding up paper
Spitting
Screaming
Throwing pencils
Drawing on desk
Complains of stomach ache
Scratching self
How Behaviors Are Currently Addressed
Confronting child
Introduce child to other peers
eprimanding
Taking away paper
Scolding
Putting in corner
Taking away pencils
Not allowing child access to markers or pens
Calling parents
Keeping child busy
Category (Internalizing or Externalizing)
Externalizing
Internalizing
Externalizing
Externalizing
Externalizing
Externalizing
Internalizing
Internalizing
Internalizing
Internalizing
ecommended Modification
Pull aside and talk
Introduce group work
Explain about boundaries
Provide art tools
Introduce a hands-on lesson
Provide visual aids
Perform a reading group lesson
Give an art class
Call for a counselor
10. Call parent-teacher meeting
eflection
Externalizing behaviors like fighting, non-compliance, talking out are all externalizing behaviors (Cicchetti, 2015). While externalizing behaviors are easy to identify, internalizing behaviors are sometimes hard to identify unless a student talks about his or her feelings. For example, when a student feels sad and anxious, he or she may scratch themselves in frustration. Early interventions can help students feel more at ease with other students and get a handle on their school work. The first step is being…...
mlaReferences
Cicchetti, D. (2015). Developmental Psychopathology, Volume One, Theory and Method. John Wiley & Sons.
Columbus, F. & Shohov, S. (2001). Advances in psychology research. New York: Nova Science.
How to Become a Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA)
Introduction
Behavioral analysis is a scientific discipline that applies the principles of learning and motivation to improve human behavior. Board Certified Behavior Analysts (BCBAs) are professionals trained to use behavioral principles to assess and treat individuals with developmental disabilities, autism spectrum disorder, and other behavioral challenges.
Steps to Become a BCBA:
Complete a Master's Degree in Education or Psychology with a Focus on Applied Behavior Analysis:
Accredited programs typically take two years to complete and include coursework in behavioral principles, assessment, intervention, and ethics.
Gain Supervised Field Experience:
Aspiring BCBAs must complete 1,500 hours of supervised field experience under the guidance of a licensed BCBA. This experience involves applying behavioral principles in various settings, such as schools, clinics, and homes.
Pass the BCBA Examination:
The Behavior Analyst Certification…...
mlaReferences
BACB. (2021). BCBA Certification Requirements. Behavior Analyst Certification Board. https://bacb.com/bcba-certification-requirements/
BACB. (2021). BCBA Examination Specifications. Behavior Analyst Certification Board. https://bacb.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/BCBA-Exam-Specifications_V1.pdf
BACB. (2021). BCBA Continuing Education Policy. Behavior Analyst Certification Board. https://bacb.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/BCBA-CE-Policy_V3.pdf
Becoming a Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA) is a significant achievement for professionals in the field of applied behavior analysis (ABA). The certification process is overseen by the Behavior Analyst Certification Board (BACB), which is internationally recognized for its standards of practice, ethical guidelines, and certification procedures (Behavior Analyst Certification Board, 2022). To become a BCBA, candidates must navigate through a series of educational and experiential requirements, as well as pass a comprehensive examination.
The first step in this process is to obtain the necessary educational background. The BACB requires that candidates hold at least a masters degree or higher in behavior analysis, education, or psychology from an accredited institution (BACB, 2022). The degree program should include a Verified Course Sequence (VCS) approved by the BACB, which consists of coursework in specific ABA topics, such as behavior assessment, intervention strategies, and ethical considerations in practice. The VCS ensures that candidates receive…...
mlaReferences
Behavior Analyst Certification Board, 2022
Leaf et al., 2018
Brohead, Quigley, & Cox, 2018
LeBlanc, Heinicke, & Baker, 2012
Reinforcement Magnitude and Response Rate
Original research is detailed within this document about the correlation between reinforcement magnitude and response rate. Literature indicates there is a positive correlation between these two phenomena, which served as the hypothesis for this experiment. Participants were randomly assigned colored tokens that correlated to amounts of candy for correctly stringing together beads. The results indicate that the more candy they were given (which functioned in this study as research magnitude), the longer more prolonged their response rate was -- because they opted to continue with the clinical trials. These results served to underscore the fact that there is a causal relationship between reinforcement magnitude and response rate consistent with literature on this topic.
NTRODUCTON
This paper will explore the phenomenon of reinforcer magnitude on response rate. t is attempting to determine if there is a correlation between the magnitude of reinforcement and the rate of response of participants.…...
mlaIn this new study conducted by Aaron J. Brownstein and Stanley S. (1968) three adult pigeons were the subjects; two schedules of reinforcement were simultaneously available during training time. Concurrent schedules were programmed by changeover-key procedure. The main purpose of this study was to determine the effects of relative reinforcement rate and changeover delay in response-independent concurrent schedules of reinforcement. Results showed that there is no change in a behavior.
These studies demonstrated the importance of the reinforcement effect in any research. Every study suggested that the dimension or magnitude of a reinforcer has a big impact on any dependent variable. It is very clear that reinforcement is a very effective approach to behavior modification and learning. For instance, Jenkins and Clayton (1948) demonstrated that reinforcement magnitude has a very significant effect upon the rate of response of pigeons. It could also be determined that superior performance of learning or preference assessment is obtained when the reinforcer is present for a longer period of time.
The effect of reinforcement quantity on response rates was measured. Multiple trials were done in order to obtain solid results. The main purpose of this study was to determine whether or not the magnitude of a reinforcer will influence the time a participant will spend stringing beads. Based on previous research a strong correlation and a significant difference should be found on the results, since reinforcement magnitude is projected to have an effect on response rate.
7. Fenn, P., & Ashby, S., 2004. Workplace risk, establishment size, and union density. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 42, 461 -- 480.
8. Griffin, M.A., & Neal, A., 2000. Perceptions of safety at work: A framework for linking safety climate to safety performance, knowledge, and motivation. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5, 347 -- 358.
9. Neal, A., Griffin, M.A., & Hart, P.M., 2000. The impact of organizational climate on safety climate and individual behavior. Safety Science, 34, 99 -- 109.
10. Hechanova-Alampay, R.H., & Beehr, T.A., 2001. Empowerment, span of control and safety performance in work teams after workforce reduction. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 6, 275 -- 282.
11. Kaminski, M., 2001. Unintended consequences: Organizational practices and their impact on workplace safety and productivity. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 6, 127 -- 138.
Turner, N., & Parker, S.K., 2004. The effect of teamwork on safety processes and outcomes. In J. Barling &…...
This claim is supported by other researchers cited in the work including Albin, Lucyshyn, Horner, & Flannery (1996).
The applied behavioral and positive behavior approach developed by Symon considers individual and family needs for patients with autism as part of the larger system and factors that might influence a child's behaviors, in order to develop more comprehensive support interventions.
The author supports use of applied behavioral analysis procedures where parents would work with their children via a clinic or at home in a controlled setting that encourages one-on-one interaction. The role of the parent in this situation would be to present children with "a variety of discrete instructional tasks" that would require on-step commands. The child participating would be rewarded for giving correct responses and punished for not giving correct ones, in order to train children to respond to different commands and reinforcing positive behavior.
The approach suggested by the author has…...
mlaReferences
Schoen, Alexis a. "What Potential Does the applied Behavior Analysis Approach Have for the Treatment of Children and Youth with Autism?" Journal of Instructional Psychology, 30(2), (2003):125
Symon, Jennifer B. "Parent education for autism: Issues in providing services at a distance." Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 3(3), (2001):160
Applied Behavior Analysis
- Exploring the role of technology in behavior analysis and its implications for BCBA practices
- Analyzing the effectiveness of mindfulness techniques in behavior intervention plans for individuals with autism spectrum disorder
- Investigating the impact of cultural considerations on the implementation of behavior analytic strategies by BCBA practitioners
- Examining the ethical dilemmas faced by BCBA professionals in balancing the needs of clients and the expectations of stakeholders
- Examining the potential benefits and challenges of collaborative partnerships between BCBA professionals and other healthcare providers in delivering comprehensive care for individuals with behavioral challenges
- Analyzing the effectiveness of incorporating animal-assisted therapy in behavior....
The Role of Cultural Competency in Behavior Analysis: Bridging the Gap Between Theory and Practice
Introduction
Behavior analysis, as a science dedicated to understanding and modifying behavior, has the potential to make significant contributions to improving the lives of individuals and communities. However, the effective application of behavior analysis requires consideration of cultural factors that can influence the behavior of individuals and the efficacy of interventions. This essay explores the importance of cultural competency in behavior analysis and the need to bridge the gap between theory and practice in this regard.
Cultural Competency in Behavior Analysis
Cultural competency refers to the ability to understand,....
I. Introduction
A. Definition of Behavioral Analysis
B. Importance of Behavioral Analysis in various fields
C. Overview of a career in Behavioral Analysis
II. Educational Requirements
A. Bachelor's Degree in Psychology or related field
B. Master's Degree in Applied Behavior Analysis
C. Licensing and certification requirements
III. Skills Required
A. Strong analytical and problem-solving skills
B. Excellent communication skills
C. Ability to work under pressure and in high-stress situations
IV. Job Duties
A. Conducting assessments to identify behavioral issues
B. Developing and implementing intervention plans
C. Monitoring and evaluating progress
D. Collaborating with other....
1. Operant conditioning is a psychological concept that involves the modification of behaviors through a system of rewards and punishments. This theory, developed by B.F. Skinner in the mid-20th century, suggests that behaviors that are reinforced are more likely to be repeated, while behaviors that are punished are less likely to occur in the future. By understanding the principles of operant conditioning, individuals can learn how to effectively modify their own behaviors and those of others in various contexts, including daily life.
2. One way operant conditioning can be utilized to modify behaviors in daily life is through the use....
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
Get Started Now