Churchill and the Battle of Britain
"If we fail, then the whole world, including the United States…will sink into the abyss of a new Dark Age."

inston Churchill

inston Churchill was truly one of the great communicators of history at a time when inspiring leadership had never been needed so much. During the 1930s, he had resolutely opposed the appeasement policies of Neville Chamberlain, warning repeatedly that Hitler and the Nazi regime were a menace like no other the est had ever faced in history. By the time he became prime minister in 1940, however, the Germans were already in the process of overrunning France and making preparations to invade Britain. Only the Royal Navy and Air Force stood in their way, and Hitler had no intention of risking a land invasion until his Luftwaffe had neutralized these threats. Churchill boldly refused to consider any of Hitler's offers for negotiations, and gambled that…...

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WORKS CITED

Best, Geoffrey. Churchill: A Study in Greatness. Hambledon Continuum, 2006.

Hayward, Steven F. Churchillian Leadership: Executive Success in the Face of Adversity. Three Rivers Press, 1998.

Keegan, John. Winston Churchill. Viking, 2002.

Ramsden, John. Man of the Century: Winston Churchill and his Legend since 1945. Columbia University Press, 2002.

Battle at Dunkirk
It was the year of 1940 and during the spring of 1940 the Germans made advances into the Somme. It was during this year that the British retreated to Dunkirk. In Britain, the Battle of Britain happened between July and October and the Blitz on London initiated in September. In the House of Commons Neville Chamberlain had failed in getting the vote of confidence. There was a formation of a coalition government. Labor leaders protested of being servile to Chamberlain. He made his resignation and Winston Churchill was the next prime minister.

As much as 300, 0000 French and British troops were closed upon and they were pushed into a space of seven mile confinement surrounding the French port by oncoming Germans. Trapped along the beach with their back to the sea and facing the Germans, the combined powers did not have the ammunition or the air force to…...

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References

1. Fuller, J.F.C. The Second World War: A Strategical and Tactical History (Duell, Sloan & Pearce, 1948) 25-45

2. Sumler, David. "A History of Europe in the Twentieth Century (The Dorsey Press, 1973) p234.

3. Hart, B.H. Liddell "History of the Second World War" (G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1970) pp74-5, 77, 80-3.

4. Hart, B.H. Liddell. "The Other Side of the Hill." (William Morrow & Co, 1948) pp. 32-51

Battle of the Atlantic was one of the most significant and important battles that was fought during WWII. In order to understand the value of the battle and how it was won, it will be necessary to take a close and careful look at the strategic, operational, and organizational factors behind the Allied victory. The victory for the United States and Great Britain was significant, and a turning point in the war that should not be forgotten - but that is often misunderstood and overlooked. The Battle of the Atlantic was an attempt by the Germans to cut the sea lines of communications between the United States and Britain, mostly be using U-boats. If the Germans had been successful, Britain would have been isolated and the U.S. would not have been able to bring such an enormous amount of manpower to Europe. The Battle of the Atlantic was designed to…...

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References

Baer, G.W. 1996. One Hundred years of Sea Power. New York: Stanford University Press. pp. 189-205.

Cohen, E.A. & Gooch, J. 1991. Military Misfortunes. New York: Anchor. pp. 59-94.

Murray, W. & Millet, A.R. 2001. A War to be Won. New York: Belknap Press. pp. 234-261.

Overy, R. Why the Allies Won. 1997. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. pp. 44-62.

Morgan's skirmishers kept firing as they withdrew to join the second line of militiamen. Tarleton's main infantry and cannons then attacked Morgan's second line. (uchanan 321-322).
Morgan's second line fired a volley into Tarleton's infantry line, which scattered Tarleton's line. Tarleton's infantry regrouped and charged at the second line, joined by a unit of dragoons. The second line fired a second volley at Tarleton's main line before retreating to the back of the third line. (uchanan 322-323).

b.

Detail the major phases/key events.

Tarleton believed that the Revolutionary forces were broken when second line retreated. He ordered a full advance on the third line positioned on the top of the hill. He ordered the reserve unit of Highlanders to flank the American right. (uchanan 324).

Militia commander Howard ordered his militia unit to engage the Highlanders in front of the right flank. However, the militiamen misunderstood his order and withdrew from battle. Seeing the…...

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Bibliography

Buchanan, John (1997). The Road to Guilford Courthouse: The American Revolution in the Carolinas. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

Babits, Lawrence E. (1998). A Devil of a Whipping: The Battle of Cowpens Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Historical Section of the Army War College (1928). The Battle of Cowpens. Washington, D.C.: U.S. House of Representatives.

Sunzi, (2010). Art of war. London: Parkstone.

Battle of Lex and Conc
Define the Subject/Evaluate the Sources

The Battles of Lexington and Concord were fought on two fronts in Middlesex County, Massachusetts on April 19, 1775. Principle adversaries included the British armed forces and the colonial militia known as Minutemen. The night before the battles on April 18, British officials entered Concord, Massachusetts with the intent of both seizing an arms cache and also capturing key rebels including John Hancock and Samuel Adams. The colonists intercepted the message, and their being forewarned allowed the minutemen time and opportunity to intercept the British. The minutemen instigated a skirmish in Lexington and Concord simultaneously, and won decisively. The Battles of Lexington and Concord are therefore widely referred to as the starting point of the American evolutionary War.

esearch sources for studying the Battles of Lexington and Concord include books, journal articles, new media, and multimedia. Tourtellot's (1959) book is seminal but needs…...

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References

"Battles of Lexington and Concord." History. Retrieved online:  http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/battles-of-lexington-and-concord 

Fradin, D.B. (2009). Let it Begin Here! Walker.

Hamilton, S. (2014). Battles of Lexington and Concord. Minneapolis: Adobo.

"Lexington and Concord." U.S. History. Retrieved online:  http://www.ushistory.org/us/11c.asp

Battles of World War II
Battle of Britain:

When Hitler conquered France in June of 1940, he acquired a forward base to launch his attack against England. Had England fallen in the Battle of Britain, the Nazis would have, at the very least, conquered the entire continent of Europe. The fall of Britain would have allowed Hitler to concentrate his forces on one front in Operation Barbarosa, the invasion of ussia, which he launched in 1941. Most

historians believe that, more than any other single fact, Hitler's decision to fight a war on two fronts, simultaneously, accounted for the eventual defeat of Germany at the hands of the Allies.

The Battle of Britain was won by the heroes of the British oyal Air Force,

flying Spitfire fighters who handed the German Luftwaffe its first defeat of the war in a savage, month-long battle over the skies of Britain in the summer of 1940. It…...

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REFERENCES

1. Ambrose, S. The Good Fight: How World War II Was Won (2001)

2. Commager, H.S., Miller, D.L. The Story of World War II: Revised, Expanded & Updated from the Original Text by Henry Steele Commager (2002)

3. Kowalick, T.M. The Western Tradition Transcripts (1989)

4. Lucas, J. The Last European War (1976)

Battle of Waterloo and Napoleon last days as an Emperor. The paper briefly touches upon the war strategies of both sides and explains why Bonaparte encountered a crushing defeat at Waterloo.
BATTLE OF WATELOO, 1815

Battle of Waterloo fought in Brussels marked the end of French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte's illustrious military career. The Battle of Waterloo was fought on a very small area with relatively smaller armies and less military equipment, yet it occupies an extremely important place in history because of its impact and the number of deaths that occurred on this battlefield. Napoleon may have been severely disliked by other European powers, but the man enjoyed a great position of power in his own country and was seen as a true liberator of sorts. While his career was marked with frequent battles that began with French evolution in late 1790s and war with European nations in 1803, he was…...

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References

BBC-UK-, Battle of Waterloo:

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/war/waterloo/waterloo.shtml

Eva March Tappan, ed., The World's Story: A History of the World in Story, Song and Art, 14 Vols. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1914)

Waterloo, Battle of," Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2002

battles Civil War. Identify explain impact war. Reference: Faragher, J.M., Buhle, M.
he Civil War was quite easily the most devastating war to occur on American soil. Prior to World War II, it would remain one of the deadliest martial encounters that the United States was involved in. Although there were several different battles that produced a profound impact on this war, some of the most pivotal ones occurred in 1863 and included the Battle of Gettysburg, the Battle of Vicksburg, and the Battle of Chancellorsville.

hese three battles would produce a critical impact on the outcome of the war. It is important to remember that despite the fact that the South had more accomplished military commanders at the inception of the Civil War, it was a fledgling nation with a tenuous financial situation. Moreover, it was considerably outmanned by the more populous North, which could also utilize martial assistance from…...

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This possibility became even more remote following the conclusion of the Battle of Vicksburg, which took place the day after the Battle of Vicksburg. Grant was able to win his lengthy siege in Mississippi, which resulted in a devastating blow for the South (Faragher et al., 2009, p. 425). With back-to-back defeats in major battles in a day's time, the South was left in a position in which its crumbling chances would certainly not allow for foreign intervention. In fact, these twin victories for the Union would prove to be the turning point of the war, which would pave the way for more crucial victories, such as William Sherman's capturing of Atlanta. At this point it was just a matter of time and obstinacy on the part of the South before it conceded.

References

Faragher, J.M., Buhle, M.J., Czitrom, D., & Armitage, S.H. (2009). Out of many: A history of the American people, Volume I (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. (pg. 405-432).

attle of Waterloo took place on the 18th of June 1815, when the allied European forces teamed up with the Prussian forces to bring down the French forces under the command of Napoleon. The battle brought to an end Napoleon's dream of conquering and establishing his empire in continental Europe. This text analyzes the causes of, and events surrounding the battle.
attle Analysis Outline

The attle of Waterloo

Define the Subject

a) Who fought the battle?

The attle of Waterloo was fought by three armies -- the French Army (Armee de Nord) under the command of Napoleon, the multinational army under General Wellington's command, and the Prussian army under Gebhard lucher.

The French Army: the French army was by far the most equipped of the three, consisting of approximately 74,000 soldiers; 48,000 infantries; 14,000 cavalries; 7,000 artilleries and 250 guns[footnoteRef:2]. It consisted primarily of veteran soldiers, a majority of whom had already taken part in one…...

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Bibliography

Evans, Richard. "Waterloo: Causes,. Courses and Consequences." Gresham University, accessed September 16, 2015 from  http://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectures-and-events/waterloo-causes-courses-and-consequences 

Hibbert, Christopher. Waterloo: Napoleon's Last Campaign. Hertfordshire, UK: Wordsworth Publishers, 1998.

Matthews, Rupert. The Battle of Waterloo: Europe in the Balance. London, UK: Acturus Publishing, 2015.

Roberts, Andrew. Napoleon and Wellington: The Battle of Waterloo and the Great Commanders who Fought it. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 2001.

Naval History
France only had Britain as its enemy between 1803 and 1805. Napoleon Bonaparte, the famous French leader and politician, after conquering Italy and Egypt had its eyes on England territory for occupation. His Grand Armee sat idly around Boulogne in the hundreds of anchored ships in the channel ports. Napoleon's naval strategies to crush the British oyal Army using his French and Spanish fleets failed at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805 (Dugdale-Pointon January 07, 2006). [1: Dugdale-Pointon, T. historyofwar, "Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821)." http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/people_napoleon.html]

The Naval Strategies of Britain and France (1803-1805)

Both France and Britain derived towards war due to a mutual misunderstanding. Both the countries were not fully prepared to conduct a renewed war against each other. There were no geo-strategic reasons that compelled the two opponents to declare a war against each other. Britain wanted to rebel against France simply because they could no more withstand the continuous…...

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References" An Admirable Hero; His Radical Tactics Paved the Way for Nelson's Victory at Trafalgar. Now the Navy Is Paying Tribute to the Scot Who Saved Britain."The Daily Mail (London, England), October 11, 2010, 15.   T., and P. Craig. Naval Historical Society of Australia, "Trafalgar - the Men, the Battle, the Storm." Last modified 2005. Accessed December 7, 2011. http://www.navyhistory.org.au/trafalgar-the-men-the-battle-the-storm/.Dugdale-Pointon, T. historyofwar, "Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821)." Last modified January 07, 2006. Accessed December 7, 2011.  http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/people_napoleon.html Fisher, Herbert. 1913. Napoleon. New York: Henry Holt and Company.  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5637802.Historyworld , "HISTORY OF THE NAPOLEONIC WARS." Accessed December 7, 2011.  http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?ParagraphID=mgo .Rodger, N. BBC, "Trafalgar: The Long-Term Impact." Last modified February 17, 2011. Accessed December 7, 2011.  http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/trafalgar_impact_01.shtml .Stilwell, A. The Trafalgar Companion. West way, Borley: Osprey Publishing, 2005. http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=9SPR-2qwtSgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=the+trafalgar+companion&hl=en&ei=glDfTt3gEIinhAeMqr3vBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=the%20trafalgar%20companion&f=falseTrafalgar, Battle Of. 2009. In The Columbia Encyclopedia 6th ed., edited by Lagass, Paul. New York: Columbia University Press.  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=117049963  (accessed December 7, 2011).]http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5045378449.Clayton ,

Manassas -- How the Skirmish at lackburn's Ford Shaped the attle
The Skirmish at lackburn's Ford shaped the attle of First Manassas by discouraging the Union Army, altering the Union Army's battle plans and encouraging the Confederate Army.

The Confederacy's chances of successfully seceding from the Union were initially poor, as the Union had the obvious upper hand: the Union Army was considerably larger and better equipped; their commander was George McClellan, whose abilities were undoubted; the Union had the international advantage of being a recognized nation; finally, the Union had the lion's share of factories that could steadily mass produce ordnance for the Union forces. In sharp contrast, the Confederacy: was an agrarian society with far fewer people, fewer factories and considerable resentment at being reduced to "economic vassalage" by the North's industrialization; much of the Confederacy's fortune involved cotton and the reliance of foreign markets on that cotton; the…...

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Bibliography

Davis, William C. Battle at Bull Run: A History of the First Major Campaign of the Civil War. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 1977.

Detzer, David. Donnybrook: The Battle of Bull Run, 1861. New York, NY: Harcourt Press, Inc., 2004.

Flagel, Thomas R. The History Buff's Guide to the Civil War: The Top Ten Rankings of the Best, The Worst, The Largest, and The Most Lethal People and Events of the Civil War, 2nd Edition. Naperville, IL: Cumberland House, 2010.

Gottfried, Bradley M. The Maps of First Bull Run: An Atlas of the First Bull Run (Manassas) Campgaign, including the Battle of Ball's Bluff, June-October 1861. New York, NY: Savas Beatie LLC, 2009.

During that time the Allies were exiting Normandy through Saint Lo. In august, when the Allies were in Paris, Hitler was setting his trap, and setting in position his scarce resources to ensure proper backup. The Germans did not count for the success of this operation, with provisions of resources captured from the Allies.
During this culminant attack Hitler guarantied his commanding officers that they would receive a strong support from battle planes. The attack to the airplanes, that was daily terrorizing German cities, would motivate the most reluctant officers of Luftwaffe to support the operation.

The German officers were prepared for a prolonged operation of air defense der Grosse Schlag (the big blow) the air officers planned a force composed by 3.700 air planes, prepared, trained and planned exclusively for defense.

Hitler did not realize that the air force prepared only for air-to-air combat would not be very effective when directed…...

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References

Ambrose,

Stephen E. 1995. D Day: June 6, 1944: The Climactic Battle of World War II. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Bradley,

Omar N. 1983. A General's life: An Autobiography by General of the Army. New York: Simon and Schuster Publishing.

Vera rittain
The advent of the First World War brought with it the stark reality of the 'progress' which modern man had made. Mankind found out that despite the eloquence of the enlightenment, and the wonderful advancements made in medicine, education, literature, and the arts that man could still take up arms against his brother, and fight hand to hand if necessary in order to gain a foot of ground, or in retaliation for yesterday's loss of a comrade. The First World War plunged the entire western world into a deep pit, governed by the engines of war, empowered by the newly mechanized assembly line manufacturing of the industrial revolution. Fro all his advancement, and enlightenment, mankind was still closely related to the Romans who burned and conquered peopled under their iron fist, and the Huns where known to destroy everything in their path. Civilized, and enlightened, we still were violent…...

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Bibliography

DAYS LIKE THESE 19 MAY 1941. The Independent London, England. 5/19/2003

Brittain, Vera. Testament of Youth. New York: Penguin Books. 1994

World War II -- Eastern Front
While the personality of any dictator may significantly influence the military decisions of his/her dictatorship, perhaps the clearest instance of this phenomenon occurred in World War II's arbarossa, an invasion of Russia in the Eastern Front. Obsessed with his messianic delusions, Hitler's personal flaws resulted in the ultimate failure of the greatest invasion in recorded history. The failure of that invasion, in turn, directly resulted in Germany's loss of World War II.

Hitler's Personal Flaws Caused the Failure of arbarossa

Synthesis of reputable historical sources, some of which stress Adolf Hitler's personal flaws while others minimize or ignore them, reveals that Adolf Hitler's personal shortcomings caused the failure of arbarossa and, therefore, caused Germany's loss of World War II. Hitler's warlike personality was apparently dominated by "the three p's": prejudice, paranoia, and perplexity. Though Hitler was famously prejudiced against Jewish people, his prejudice against all non-Aryan people,…...

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Bibliography

Citino, Robert Michael. The Path to Blitzkrieg: Doctrine and Training in the German Army, 1920-1939. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1999.

Cooper, Matthew. The German Army, 1933-1945: Its Political and Military Failure. New York, NY: Stein and Day, 1978.

Keegan, John. The Battle for History: Re-Fighting World War II. New York, NY: First Vintage Books Edition, 1996.

Overy, Richard. Why the Allies Won. New York, NY W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1997.

musical style epitomized the 1920s? Jazz
What did John Steinbeck describe in he Grapes of Wrath? he dust bowl and its impact on agricultural families during the great depression.

National Industrial Recovery Act? An act created by President Roosevelt to stimulate the economy by allowing the government to regulate particular industries.

What did the Civilian Conservation Corps do? Created jobs on state and national lands to stimulate the economy.

What did Eleanor Roosevelt see as her primary role as First Lady? o be an advocate for civil rights

Which of the following was not true concerning the election of 1936? Incomplete Question

Which of the following pieces of legislation was an attempt at campaign reform in the late 1930s? Incomplete Question

he National Resources Planning Board facilitated? he National Resources Planning Board facilitated creating and implementing employment for young men during the great depression.

What feature of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 established the basic framework…...

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The Manhattan Project was? The secret project for inventing the atom bomb

Who were the Scottsboro boys? Nine black teenagers accused of rape in a 1931 Alabama case. It revealed the deeply seated racism in Alabama due to its denial of a fair trail.

A. Philip Randolph's call for a massive march on Washington led to? Desegregation of the armed forces.

## Evolution of the Importance of Air Power in Modern Warfare

Prelude: Emergence of Air Power

The dawn of the 20th century witnessed the advent of aviation, introducing a revolutionary dimension to warfare. Airplanes initially served as reconnaissance platforms, providing a bird's-eye view of the battlefield. However, their potential for offensive operations soon became apparent.

World War I: Birth of Aerial Combat

During World War I, air power played a nascent role. Airplanes engaged in dogfights, bombing raids, and aerial reconnaissance. The war marked the development of specialized aircraft for combat, such as fighters and bombers.

Interwar Period: Technological Advancements

The interwar period saw rapid advancements....