living with chronic low back pain." (Snelgrove & Liossin, 2009 P. 735). Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a major health problem with enormous economic and social costs. In the United States, between 60% and 80% of the people suffer from back pain in their life of which 30% develop into CLBP. Despite the widespread occurrence of CLBP, the traditional treatments which include back exercises, drug, physical treatment, and education do not always help. (Hadi, Ali, Isa et al. 2009).
Weiss, & Werkmann, (2009) define CLBP as the pain in the lumbosacral region and the sacroiliac joints. Typically, the radicular symptoms and iliolumbar ligaments may also be part of syndrome in the CLBP, and there is prevalent of CLBP in the aged population. CLBP is a type of chronic pain that results to diverse painful and benign condition. Chronic pain may occur despite no evidence of tissue damage in the…...
mlaReferences
Briggs, A.M. Jordan, J.E. O'Sullivan, P.B. et al. (2011). Individuals with chronic low back pain have greater difficulty in engaging in positive lifestyle behaviours than those without back pain: An assessment of health literacy. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders: 12:161.
Curry, L.A. (2009). Qualitative and Mixed Methods Provide Unique Contributions to Outcomes Research. Circulation.119:1142-1452.
Hadi, M. Ali, S.V. Isa, M.Z. et al. (2009). Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) for Chronic Low Back Pain (LBP). European Journal of Scientific Research.29 (1): 76-81.
Pope, C. Ziebland, S. & Mays, N. (2000). Analysing qualitative data. BMJ 320: 114
Mixed-Design ANOVA: Assessing the Effectiveness of Acupuncture and Massaging
Programs in Treating Back Pain
Assessing the Effectiveness of Acupuncture and Massaging Programs in Treating Back Pain: Mixed-Design ANOVA
Chronic back pain has become a serious health concern for health professionals in the U.S. It is estimated that 8 in every 10 Americans will suffer some form of back pain at some time in future. For this reason, researchers are increasingly studying the causes, prevention strategies and effective treatment approaches for addressing back-related problems. This text presents the basic proposal for a research study seeking to assess the effectiveness of two commonly-used strategies for treating back pain -- acupuncture and massaging.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Acupuncture and Massaging Programs in Treating Back Pain
Chronic back pain has become a serious problem for the health fraternity in America -- the American Chiropractic Association estimates that approximately 31 million Americans experience chronic back pain at any given time,…...
mlaReferences
ACA. (2015). Back Pain Facts and Statistics. The American Chiropractic Association. Retrieved October 23, 2015 from http://www.acatoday.org/level2_css.cfm?T1ID=13&T2ID=68
Clark-Cutter, D. (2004). Quantitative Psychological Research: A Student's Handbook. New York, NY: Psychology Press.
Lane, D. M. (n.d.). Online Statistics Education: A multimedia Course of Study. Rice University. Retrieved October 23, 2015 from http://onlinestatbook.com/
Sukal, M. (2013). Research Methods: Applying Statistics in Research. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.
The problems at the work place were detected over a long period of time and are a part of the history of development. The development of technology was very rapid which must also have brought in the needed changes in the workplace functions and norms. Unfortunately the basic structure of health protection came to be discussed only in the beginning of 1960s. The occupational medicine became a separate field of study since then and the occupational health service was born. The motto which the service wanted to achieve was an ergonomic system that could fit the job and the worker and simultaneously identify and eliminate health hazards. (Wilkinson, 50) There were many statues passed that created safety at the workplace. The greatest step in this regard was the OSHA regulations.
OSHA Implications
The OSHA act of 1970 was the single piece of legislation that gave an impetus to the work place…...
mlaReference:
N.A. Comparative table of pain distribution. ( http://www.aans.org/education/journal/neurosurgical/may98/4-5-p1/8204f3.GIF )
References
Charlton, Samuel G; O'brien, Thomas G. Handbook of Human Factors Testing and Evaluation. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Mahwah, NJ. 2002.
Harrington, Lisa. H. The Safety Zone. http://www.inboundlogistics.com/articles/features/0506_feature01.shtml
Alternatives to Pain Medication
Given the growing concerns over opioid addictions in recent years and the potential for tolerance, clinicians continue to search for efficacious alternatives to convention pain medications (Moore & Anderson, 2016). Fortunately, a number of alternatives to conventional pan medication are readily available, including cannabis, yoga, hypnosis, mind-body meditation, therapeutic touch, herbal remedies, acupuncture, biofeedback, massage therapy, homeopathic practices (Tan & Craine, 2007) and aromatherapy (Esposito & Bystrek, 2014). To learn more about these alternatives, this paper provides an initial reference list of ten relevant peer-reviewed and scholarly sources concerning pain medication alternatives, followed by a description of clinical guidelines and an implementation plan for these alternatives. A discussion concerning the manner in which the implementation of the intervention should be tested is followed by an assessment of potential barriers and strategies intended to gain cooperation from individuals who will be implementing the change. Finally, a timeline with…...
mlaReferences
Clinical practice guidelines. (2016). U.S. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. Retrieved from https://nccih.nih.gov/health/providers/clinicalpractice.htm .
Levin, R. F. & Feldman, H. R. (2006). Teaching evidence-based practice in nursing: A guide for academic and clinical settings. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Moore, B. A. & Anderson, D. (2016, Janury). Stepped care model for pain management and quality of pain care in long-term opioid therapy. Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development, 53(1), 137-141.
Pain management guidelines. (2016). U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Retrieved from https://www.guideline.gov/summaries/summary/9744 ?.
feasible to measure pain because it is located in the thalamus. Is pain able to be measured objectively? Just as a blood pressure of 220/110 will give us some information about the cardiovascular system, assessing the peripheral pain pathway can help in the diagnosis and treatment of a patient's pain. Part of this paper will discuss the pain problem. People tend to view reports of pain with suspicion and disbelief. How is pain assessed at this time? Are there any objective markers of pain? How efficient are the current measurements of pain? Is the electromyography (EMG) test a good measurement of the nerve pain pathway? The pain pathway from the free nerve ending in the amydala hypothalamus will also be reviewed. The following section will discuss various instrumentations that currently exist, and how the pain sensory of the a-delta fibers can be measured. Another section will discuss the pathophysiology…...
mlaNational Institute of Health data supports that 40% of patients seeking medical consultation do so because they are experiencing pain. Most of these cases are neck and low back ones. The problem faced by physicians is determining whether the pain is real, imagined or is being magnified to procure a prescription for medication. Since pain is considered subjective, without any objective method to quantify it, the physician is in a position where he must rely on his/her evaluation of indirect findings and belief in the patient's veracity to determine if the problem is real, imagined or if the patient is magnifying the symptoms in order to obtain pain medication. Since there are usually little objective concomitant findings, the physician is left in a position where he either does or does not believes the patient. What is a physician to do?
"Chronic pain poses significant challenges in the lives of many people. At the root of many of these challenges are the behavior patterns pain naturally coordinates. For example, in some cases, attempts to control, reduce, or cure pain through medication, medical procedures, or lifestyle changes can prove unsuccessful, and can dominate all other potential goals. The experience of chronic pain also includes other discouraging, painful, or unwanted psychological experiences, such as thoughts, feelings, and memories. Attempts to control or reduce some of these psychological experiences also can prove unsuccessful and even harmful, further reducing quality of life" (Thompson M, 2011).
An important question any pain physician needs to address is how to properly evaluate spinal pain. How would a physician know if someone is symptom magnifying? Please note that symptom magnification should not be confused with the term "malingering," which is defined as the deliberate
Therefore, the research offers reliable data supporting the emerging medication.
The sample included 878 patients with low back pain or pain from osteoarthritis of the knee or hip. Patients were randomly assigned to Tapentadol or control drug oxycodone and took their medications for 90 days Doses for Tapentadol were flexible with either 50 or 100 mg offered every 4 to 6 hours, up to a maximum of 600 mg/day. Instances of nausea, vomiting, and constipation were significantly lower in the Tapentadol group vs. The oxycodone group. Doses were flexible and mimicked real life administrations of the medications.
However, the control group was given 10 mg or 15 mg of oxycodone IR every four to six hours. The lack of standardization of doses and the flexible administration of the drugs compromise the reliability and validity of the study. Nurses should also take note that rates of other side-effects such as drowsiness and…...
Prevention of Back Injuries
Twenty percent of the injuries experienced in the work place in America are back injuries. In some areas, such as EMS, these injuries are responsible for the fact that at any point in time, ten percent of their workers are not working. Statistics from the Center for Disease Control actually reveal that the EMS had over 20% of all 27,000 work related sicknesses, being specifically lower back injuries (CDC, 2015). The nation pays dearly for back related injuries from the bills that are incurred as well as the income lost when workers are away from work. This amounts to about $50 billion of which $20 billion emanates from the injuries occurring in the medical field. Ironically, this surpasses the cost of similar injuries occurring in less surprising places, such as manufacturing, mining and construction industries. For a physician who is injured, the costs are estimated at $18,000…...
mlaReferences
Advice, B. L. (2015, November 17). Training in Lifting Techniques May Not Improve Prevention of Back Pain. Retrieved from Medscape: www.medscape.org/viewarticle/569657
AFSCME. (2002, March). Preventing Back Injuries in Health Care. Retrieved from American Federation of State, County & Municipal Employees: http://www.afscme.org/news/publications/workplace-health-and-safety/fact-sheets/preventing-back-injuries-in-health-care
CDC. (2015, November 17). Emergency Medical Services Workers Injury and Illness Data. Retrieved from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ems/data2011.html.
Collopy, K. T., Kivlehan, S. M., & Snyder, S. R. (2014, May 1). Preventing Back Injuries in EMS. Retrieved from EMS World: http://www.emsworld.com/article/11373351/back-injuries-and-protection
Benchmark-esearch Critique and PICOT statement
This article is a research critique on the paper titled 'Home Telehealth for Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): An Evidence-Based Analysis' by J. Franek. The research paper under review was published by the Ontario Health Technology Assessment Series.
Although there isn't a direct statement that refers to Problem statement, there is a title that highlights the "Objective of the Analysis." There is an excerpt of the objectives below. The discussion in the objective statement is only centred on the evaluation steps. There is evidence in the literature that the effects of COPD were openly revealed as being core elements of the problem statement in the first place.
"For patients experiencing multiple comorbidities, it is essential to observe routine self-management support. Such support consists of the necessary education to enlighten parents to pick out the symptoms in good time. They will consequently manage their medical gadgets, pinpoint…...
mlaReferences
Bernocchi, P., Scalveni, S., Galli, T., Volterani, M., & Vitacca, M. (2016). A multidisciplinary telehealth program in patients with combined chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic heart failure: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials.
Brown, J. (2014). Improving care for COPD. North East Quality Observatory System.
Irzarry, R., Peng, R., & Leek, J. (2013, August 28). Evidence-based Data Analysis: Treading a New Path for Reproducible Research. Retrieved from Simply Statistics: http://simplystatistics.org/2013/08/28/evidence-based-data-analysis-treading-a-new-path-for-reproducible-research-part-2/
Riva, J., Malik, K., Burnie, S., Endicott, A., & Busse, J. (2012). What is your research question? An introduction to the PICOT format for clinicians. Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association, 167-171.
Ingenious Pain Andrew Miller
prompt: One major themes discussed Alain de
One of the central philosophical components of Friedrich Nietzsche's varied stance is the fact that pain is integral to providing meaning to the human life. This basic tenet is echoed in Andrew Miller's Novel, Ingenious Pain, which chronicles a protagonist who is born with a marked inability to perceive suffering or physical pain -- whether it is his or that of someone else (Barnard). Although the life of James Dyer -- the protagonist -- is highly eventful and full of action, it is curiously devoid of much meaning from Dyer's perspective, until a change encounter with a woman named Mary bestows upon him the capacity to feel pain. The sudden transition for the young man, and the fledgling empathy he eventually develops as a result, eventually overrides his life and leads to his death. Yet in the process, Dyer's life…...
mlaWorks Cited
Barnard, Josie. "No Feelings, But Sensational." The Independent. Web. 1997. -- no-feelings-but-sensational-1273299.htmlhttp://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/book-review
Miller, Andrew. Ingenious Pain. New York: Sceptre Publishers. 1998. Print.
Miller, Karen. "Fiction Review: Ingenious Pain." www.publishersweekly.com. 1997. Web. http://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-15-100258-0
Nietzsche, Friedrich. The Twilight of the Gods. www.handprint.com. 1895. Web. http://www.handprint.com/SC/NIE/GotDamer.html
suffer anymore: Access to pain treatment as a human right, Human ights Watch author Diederick Lohman discusses the issue of pain management as a human rights issue. Lohman addresses the fact that it has long been established that pain relieving drugs, particularly narcotics, are an essential element of healthcare. In fact, he points out that in 1961, the world community adopted the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, which instructed countries to make pain relieving medications available to people (Lohman, 2009). However, the reality is that, even now the majority of the world's people lack access to pain-relieving medication. This is particularly true in low and middle income countries. Moreover, the lack of access impacts patients at all levels, even those whose conditions are terminal, so that they literally die in pain.
In the article, Lohman cites an extraordinary amount of facts and figures to back up his assertion that…...
mlaReferences
Brennan, F., Carr, D., and Cousins, M. (2007). Pain management: A fundamental human right.
Anesthesia & Analgesia, 105(1), 205-221.
Lohman, D. (2009). "Please do not make us suffer any more:" Access to pain treatment as a human right. New York: Human Rights Watch.
Purdue Pharma LP (2012). Ethics & Pain. Retrieved February 5, 2013 from In the Face of Pain
History of RSD
The history and the discovery of RSD (Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy) Syndrome and its symptoms have typically been associated with wars. While there is no doubt that RSD from physical stress and injury existed earlier, it was left up to war physicians to assign pathology to it. Silas Weir Mitchell, an army doctor during the Civil War, described the symptoms of "burning pain" left in soldiers long after the bullets have been removed. He attributed these residual and long lasting pains to major nerve injury. Weir was the first to call RSD causalgia (currently, specifically known as CRPS-2), which is Greek for "burning pain." He wrote that, "Under such torments, the temper changes, the most amiable grow irritable, the soldier becomes a coward, and the strongest man is scarcely less nervous than the most hysterical girl." Weir accurately reflected the symptoms. (PARC, 2004). Mitchell accurately described the symptoms associated…...
mlaBibliography
Allen, G., Galer, B.S., & Schwartz, L. (1999). Epidemiology of complex regional pain syndrome: a retrospective chart review of 134 patients. Pain, 80(3), 539-544.
Aronoff, G.M., Harden, N., Stanton-Hicks, M., Dorto, A.J., Ensalada, L.H., Klimek, E.H., Mandel, S., & Williams, J.M. (2002). American Academy of Disability Evaluating Physicians (AADEP) Position Paper: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome I (RSD): Impairment and Disability Issues. Pain Med, 3(3), 274-288.
Bakewell, S. (1995). The Autonomic Nervous System. Update in Anesthesia, 6(5), 1.
Barolat, G., Schwartzman, R., & Woo, R. (1989). Epidural spinal cord stimulation in the management of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg, 53(1), 29-39.
Mindfulness Meditation Training on Experimentally Induced Pain" by Zeidan et al., (2010), published in the Journal of Pain, presents the results of research to investigate
The research addresses a gap in the research examining the benefit of meditation in attenuating pain symptoms. The research problem is clearly articulated, with the title clearly stating the content of the paper and the introduction expressing and justifying the issue. Past research has demonstrated that meditation programs, such as mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBS) programs have been correlated with positive health outcomes, including pain attenuation. The most common form of program is the MBS. In the context of pain management the eight-week length of the program renders it difficult for some patients, such as suffers of chronic pain, as they may not have the ability, or the time, required to complete the course. The research undertaken by Zeidan et al. (2010) addresses this problem, implementing…...
mlaReference
Zeidan, Fadel, Gordon, Nakia S., Merchant, Junaid, Goolkasian, Paula, (2010), The Effects of Brief Mindfulness Meditation Training on Experimentally Induced Pain, The Journal of Pain, 11(3), 199-209
Suffering
Tim Murphy
Theology
MA2000D
The existence of human suffering poses a unique theological problem. If God is omniscient, omnipotent, and all-loving, then why does suffering exist? Indeed, this difficulty is confronted in scripture itself: perhaps the most important look into the problem of suffering comes in the Old Testament story of Job. Mainstream Christianity continues to have a variety of ways of approaching this theological question, although historically Christians had a much broader spectrum of responses. For example, today's mainstream Christianity is a result of the establishment of orthodoxy in the face of Gnostic Christians, who used the existence of suffering as a way of questioning whether God was indeed omnipotent or all-loving. Gnosticism instead posits a "demiurge" or "alien god" that created this world and its suffering without being omnipotent or good. ut the oldest mainstream form of Christian orthodoxy today -- represented by the Roman Catholic faith -- came into existence…...
mlaBibliography
Barron, Bishop Robert. "Stephen Colbert, J. R. R. Tolkien, John Henry Newman, and the Providence of God," Word on Fire. Web. 4 Dec 2015.
English Standard Version Study Bible.
John Paul II. Salvifici Doloris. 1984. http://w2.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_letters/1984/documents/hf_jp-ii_apl_11021984_salvifici-doloris.html
Keller, Timothy. Walking With God Through Pain and Suffering. New York: Riverhead Books, 2015.
Assessing the Abdomen
The chief complaint of JR is that his “stomach hurts” and he is experiencing diarrhea, from which he has been unable to obtain any relief. His pain in his abdomen started 3 days earlier and he has taken no medication for it. The pain is midrange, though it was very high today when it began. He ate but experienced nausea afterwards. JR is 47, suffers from hypertension, diabetes and had an issue of gastrointestinal bleeding four years ago. He is on a number of medications to address his high blood pressure and diabetes. He has no known drug allergies, no history of colon cancer. His father and mother both had hypertension; his father has type 2 diabetes; his mother suffered from Gastroesophageal reflux disease and high fatty concentration in the blood (hyperlipidemia).
JR occasionally imbibed alcohol. He is overweight at 248 lbs with a 5’10” height. He has a…...
It should be no surprise that the United States often takes the "convenient" and "short-term" solution to many problems; this is part of the American character. However, at times inzer seems to be on a pulpit, leading the reader by the nose at whom to laud and at whom to hiss. Since this is not written as a historical book, there is also an expectation that the reader will already have a semblance of the "basic facts" from at least Panama and Guatemala forward.
This is perhaps the largest weakness of the book. There are 14 different regime changes that are critically analyzed, yet some clearly fit his argument more than others. In fact, Grenada and Panama seem like different foreign policy goals than Afghanistan and Iraq. On the other hand, one of the strengths of the book is the manner in which inzer outlines the "propagandistic" manner in which…...
mlaKinzer concludes his book with a frightening and powerful observation about the future of American policy: "The United States rose to world power more quickly than almost any nation or empire ever has. Filled with the exuberance and self-confidence of youth, it developed a sense of unlimited possibility. Many Americans came to believe that since they had been so successful in building their country, they not only duplicate that success abroad but were called by Providence to do so. Responding to this call, and to their belief that they are entitled to a large share of the world's resources, they set out to overthrow foreign governments. Most of these adventures have brought them, and the nations whose histories they sought to change, far more pain than liberation" (Kinzer 321). Perhaps the current regime in Washington should remember that there are precedents for actions in one administration to negatively affect the next administration.
Source:
Kinzer, S. Overthrow: America's Century of Revime Change from Hawaii to Iraq. New York: Times Books, 2007.
Yoga is said to have a number of benefits. Whether a person is approaching it as a form of exercise, a type of meditation, or a combination of the two, yoga has documented health benefits in a wide range of applications from cancer to mental health. We have compiled some sample topic sentences for your thesis:
Mobile phones have become an integral part of our daily lives, providing us with constant connectivity, information, and entertainment. However, the question of whether children aged 15 or under should be restricted from using mobile phones is a topic of debate. In todays digital age, where technology plays a significant role in shaping young minds, it is essential to consider the potential risks and benefits associated with children using mobile phones.
One key concern regarding children using mobile phones is the impact on their physical health. Excessive use of mobile phones has been linked to various health issues, such as....
Unexpected Benefits of Weight Loss: A Journey of Transformation
Embarking on a weight loss journey often revolves around attaining a desired physical appearance, but along the way, individuals may stumble upon unexpected benefits that extend far beyond aesthetics. While shedding pounds can improve overall health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases, it can also unleash a cascade of positive transformations that touch upon various aspects of life. Here are some of the unanticipated benefits that may accompany a weight loss journey:
Improved Mental Health:
Excess weight has been linked to increased risk of mental health conditions such as depression and anxiety. Losing....
I. Introduction
II. Body
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