Attention Deficit Disorder or in short ADD, is a condition wherein a person cannot concentrate on a thing that he is doing and a person who is very energetic when compared to other people. They are sometimes called an extra ordinary person because they possess a different kind of behavior that is quite distinguishable. They are also very impulsive because they react to things drastically and often times restless. The ADD is oftentimes diagnosed with children showing symptoms of this kind of disorder. A child who shows symptoms of ADD usually leads to Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder or AD/HD. A child who is very impulsive and hyperactive have also the tendency to get bored easily and because of this they tend to distract other people also through making a lot of noise, moving unnecessarily and disturbing other kids. It is said that it is not their own choice to distract…...
mlaBibliography:
h2g2 Researchers (2000) "Attention Deficit Disorder" [Online] Available at:
LD Online (2005) "Attention Deficit Disorder: Beyond the Myths," U.S. Department of Education. Washington, D.C. 1994 [Online] Available at:
Attention Deficit Disorder: Yes, It Does Exist
The existence of the syndrome that has come to be known in recent decades as either Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (ADHD, as opposed to ADD, is Attention Deficit Disorder with hyperactive symptoms) (Hallowell and Ratey, 1994; ender, 1995; Barkley, 1997) was first identified in 1937 when Dr. Charles Bradley, discovered "effective treatment of children with stimulants ("Does ADHD Exist?," 2005). Moreover, "ADHD has received more scientific scrutiny than any other childhood psychiatric disorder" ("Does ADHD Exist?"). Still, some, including concerned parents (Collier, 2005) and even one pediatric neurologist, Fred Baughman, M.D., continue to insist that ADD and/or ADHD have been "made up" for the combined benefit of teachers wanting tranquil children in class, and drug companies. ("Does ADHD Exist? PBS Frontline 2005). However, in January 2002, in response to such arguments, 75 international scientists issued the following statement:
e…...
mlaWorks Cited
'ADHD International Consensus Statement." January 2002. ADHD-Report.com.
Retrieved March 22, 2005, from: http://www.adhd-report.com/adhd/
international medication.html"
_concensus/15_international_concensus_1....html
Attention Deficit Disorder
According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA) (1994), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADD or ADHD) is a diagnosis given to children and adults who display certain characteristic behaviors on a consistent basis over an extended period of time. The most common behaviors that characterize ADD include inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
According to statistics, people living with ADHD experience a continuous movement of sounds, images, and thoughts, similar to a fast-paced kaleidoscope (Johnson, 2002). ADD victims are easily bored yet are unable to concentrate. They are easily distracted and tend to daydream. The following statement describes the behavior of a typical child who suffers from ADD or ADHD: "Tommy can't sit still. He is disruptive at school with his constant talking and clowning around. He leaves the classroom without the teacher's permission. Although he has above-average intelligence, Tommy has trouble reading and writing. When he talks, the words come out…...
mlaBibliography
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Washington, DC: APA.
Johnson, Charlotte. (2002). ADHD. Canadian Psychological Association Periodical. Vancouver: University of British Columbia.
Rabiner, David. (2001). The Use of Medication in Treating Attention Deficit Disorder and ADHD. Duke University Press.
Rees, Ann. (1999, August 9). "Drugging our Children: Boys will be Boys - That's Why We've Got Them Popping Pills." The Vancouver Province.
Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are both genetically transmitted behavioral and neurological conditions that most often manifest themselves in childhood and may continue into adulthood. alters notes ADHD is considered a disability under the Americans with Disabilities Act, affecting approximately three to ten percent of all school-aged children. Brown further fine tunes this number, citing a U.S. Centers for Disease Control study which found that approximately 7.8% of American children between the ages of four and 17 were currently diagnosed with ADD or ADHD (22). Up to two-thirds of these children continue to exhibit symptoms in adulthood, according to alters (21). Terchek states that approximately 50% of children diagnosed with ADD/ADHD continue to be affected into adulthood. As such, Terchekk concludes that 4.4% of American adults are affected by ADD/ADHD. This high level of incidence makes the continued study of the condition imperative. To further…...
mlaWorks Cited
Antonucci, D., Manos, M., Kunins, C., Lopez, F., Kerney, D. "Patient Experience and Satisfaction with Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate in Adults with ADHD." Primary Psychiatry. 17.6 (2010): 48-57. Print.
Brown, T. "A New Approach to Attention Deficit Disorder." Educational Leadership. 64.5 (2007): 22-27. Print.
Coghlan, A. "Attention-deficit Disorder Gene Link." New Scientist. 208.2781 (2010): 01. Print.
Elia, J. & Vetter, V. "Cardiovascular Effects of Medications for the Treatment of Attention deficit Hyperactivity Disorder." Pediatric Drugs. 12.3 (2010): 165-175. Print.
(Bower, 129)
The Hyperactivity involves fiddling with hands or feet or squirms in seat; does not continue seating when is expected to; excessive running or climbing considered not appropriate in adolescence and adults; feelings of restlessness; find it hard to play quietly; seems to be continuously on the move and talks excessively. Impulsivity includes blurts out answers prior to the question has been completed; becomes impatient waiting his turn; interruption and intrusion on the activities of others. The DSM-IV also necessitates that some of the signs even grow prior to the age of seven and that they significantly inhibit the functioning in two or more environments such as home and school at least for duration of six months. The children that exert the signs of inattention, however, not of hyperactivity/impulsivity are identified with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Predominantly Inattentive Type, and normally known as ADD. (Bower, 129)
Moreover, the family physicians…...
mlaReferences
ADHD Not Just a School-Day Disorder: New Survey Reveals All-Day Impact of ADHD on Children and Their Parents. Parents Report Socialization Problems Abound With Peers & Family. Retrieved at Accessed on 27 November, 2004http://www.kidsource.com/health/all.day.adhd.html .
Arcus, Doreen. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Gale Encyclopedia of Psychology. 2002. pp: 14-23
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity. Accessed on 27 November, 2004http://hinduwebsite.com /health/attentiondeficit.htm.
Bower, Bruce. Evolution of Attention - Evolutionary View of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Science News. 3 January, 1998. Volume: 8; No: 2; pp: 126-130
"
Symptoms of ADHD include poor impulse control, carelessness, oppositional behaviors, not following rules.
These same symptoms are often cited as manifestations of giftedness (Hartnett, 2006).
One of the hallmark symptoms of ADHD is social problems (Chamberlain, 2003). Children with ADHD often have trouble with impulse control, keeping their hands to themselves and other things that make them unpopular. While many children with these issues may have ADHD these symptoms can also be an indicator of slow emotional development. Maturity comes at different times for different children and some experts believe that physicians are too quick to diagnose ADHD when the child simply needed more time to mature (Chamberlain, 2003).
Analysis
The science of ADD is becoming more clear but as of today, there still is not a definitive way to diagnosis whether or not a child has ADD. Medical research has linked the possibility of genetics to the disorder, however, there is also a…...
mlaReferences
Harnett, Neil (2006) the possibility of misdiagnosis of giftedness and ADHD still exists:
response to Mika.(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder)(Critical essay) Roeper Review
Ullman, Robert (1997) Ritalin-free kids. Mothering Practices Journal
ADD/ADHD
Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are both behavioral illnesses that are affecting a growing number of children and teenagers.
Currently, more boys than girls are diagnosed with ADHD. A number of adults are also being diagnosed with adult-onset ADHD. Furthermore, an estimated one-third of children diagnosed with ADHD will continue to have symptoms until adulthood (eyandt et al. 2003). Through greater exposure in the media and from health activists, there is less social stigma associated with the illness. As a result, more families are seeking treatment for their children.
This paper looks at the various symptoms associated with ADD and ADHD. The next part then evaluates how these symptoms and effects of ADD and ADHD affect a child's learning ability. This section of the paper looks at how ADHD affects the development of a child's motor development skills. The next part then sees whether ADHD has any…...
mlaWorks Cited
Baverstock, A and F. Finlay. 2003. "Who manages the care of students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in higher education?" Child: Care, Health and Development. May. PsychInfo.
Breznitz, Zvia. 2003. "The Speech and Vocalization Patterns of Boys With ADHD Compared With Boys With Dyslexia and Boys Without Learning Disabilities." Journal of Genetic Psychology. December. PscychInfo Database
Cutting, Laurie et al. 2003. "Evidence for Unexpected Weaknesses in Learning in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Without Reading Disabilities." Journal of Learning Disabilities. May/June.
Kalff, A. et al. 2003. "Low- and high-level controlled processing in executive motor control tasks in 5-6-year-old children at risk of ADHD." Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines.
was significantly higher or lower than would be predicted. A baseline prediction could be taken by comparing the scores of groups a and , and then comparing the scores of group . And D. If AD/HD had no unique effect on multi-tasking, then one would expect the same ratio to exist between multi-tasking groups as between single-tasking groups. For example, imagine that group a averaged a "danger score" of ten, and the average group . driver score was five. Further imagine that the average group D score was seven. One would then expect that group C. would be double that and have a score of fourteen. If their actual score was either significantly lower or higher than that, this might indicate that AD/HD had a specific effect not just on the ability of the individual to drive in all conditions but also specifically on their ability to drive while…...
mlaBibliography
Goepel, J. (2003, May) "Crashes caused by inattentive drivers are nothing new. Cell phones are the latest distraction." VIA. http://www.viamagazine.com/top_stories/auto/cell_phone03.asp
Living with ADD. (2004) http://www.livingwithadd.com/
Snyder, M. (200) ADHD & Driving: A Guide for Parents of Teens with AD/HD. Montana: Whitefish Consultants.
Swanson, Ph.D., University of California, Irvine, CA 92715
Gender:
Age: ____ Grade:
Ethnicity (circle one which best applies): African-American Asian Caucasian Hispanic
Other
Completed by:____ Type of Class:
Class size:
For each item, check the column which best describes this child:
Not at Just a Quite
Bit
Much
1. Often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork or tasks
2. Often has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities
3. Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly
4. Often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties
5. Often has difficulty organizing tasks and activities
6. Often avoids, dislikes, or reluctantly engages in tasks requiring sustained mental effort
7. Often loses things necessary for activities (e.g., toys, school assignments, pencils, or books)
8. Often is distracted by extraneous stimuli
9. Often is forgetful in daily activities
10. Often has difficulty maintaining alertness, orienting to requests, or executing directions
11. Often fidgets with hands or…...
mlaReferences
The Columbia World of Quotations. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996. Retrieved April 16, 2008, at http://www.bartleby.com/66/3/33503.html
Cloward, Janessa. "ADHD drugs pose heart risks, federal panel says," University Wire, February 15, 2006. Retrieved April 17, 2008, at http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1118518952.html
DeMarle, Daniel J.;Denk, Larry;Ernsthausen, Catherine S.. "Working with the family of a child with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.(Family Matters)," Pediatric Nursing, July 1, 2003. Retrieved April 16, 2008, at http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1107215868.html
Edwards, Jason H.. "Evidenced-based treatment for child ADHD: "real-world" practice implications." Journal of Mental Health Counseling, April 1, 2002. Retrieved April 17, 2008, at http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-87015306.html
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity disorder is a behavioral disorder that is mostly found in children. According to one research almost 7.5% of school-aged children are suffering from some kind of ADHD related behavioral problem in the United States. In some cases, untreated symptoms can persist in the adulthood too, which can create numerous problems in the patient's social and emotional life. ADHD is rarely found in isolation as the child may also develop some other behavioral problems. The existence of more than one behavioral disorder is known as co-morbidity, which usually complicates the case because the child cannot be treated for one specific condition. It was once believed that ADHD patients outgrow the symptoms with age but this theory is no longer supported by latest research, which indicates that without treatment, ADHD's symptoms can easily persist in one's adult life. A newspaper article, which appeared in St. Louis Post-Dispatch (1994), author…...
mlaReferences:
1) CLAUDIA WALLIS, With Hannah Bloch/New York, Wendy Cole/Chicago and James Willwerth/Irvine, LIFE IN OVERDRIVE Doctors say huge numbers of kids and adults have attention deficit disorder. Is it for real?, Time, 07-18-1994, pp 42
2) Robin Seaton Jefferson; MODERN STRESSES WORSEN ATTENTION DEFICIT PROBLEMS, DOCTOR SAYS., St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 06-19-2002, pp 2.
3) Arthur Allen, The Trouble With ADHD; As growing numbers of children are being medicated for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, some doctors and parents wonder whether the drugs have become a too-convenient w., The Washington Post, 03-18-2001, pp W08
4) Marianne Szegedy-Maszak;; Marianne Szegedy-Maszak, The Mind Maze., U.S. News & World Report, 05-06-2002, pp 52.
Attention Deficit HyperactivITY Disorder DIAGNOSIS IN CHILDEN
Historical ecords
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a diverse behavioral set of symptoms described by the hub indication of impulsivity, hyperactivity and inattention. Even as, these symptoms have a tendency to gather together, some individuals are for the most part hyperactive and impetuous, even as others are predominantly inattentive. This disease affects both toddlers and adults of all ages and should be taken seriously. When this disease is being diagnosed in children, doctors often make quick decisions to make a diagnosis and handing out prescriptions. This should not be the case as doctors are supposed to take enough time to well analyze the condition of the children before offering prescriptions.
About Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
There are two main diagnostic decisive factors that are currently in use. These are the International Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders uses the initials (ICD-10) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual…...
mlaReferences
Honos-Webb, L. (2010). The gift of ADHD: How to transform your child's problems into strengths. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications.
Kushner, T.K. (2010). Surviving health care: A manual for patients and their families.
Cambridge England: Cambridge University Press.
Nass, R.D. & Leventhal, F.,. (2011). 100 questions & answers about your child's ADHD: From
The teacher must also be willing to use more conventional cognitive and behavior reinforcement tactics to encourage that the student will be able to function effectively in the modern workforce.
A discussion of how the topic is related to teaching-that is, what instructional strategies does the topic promote that support student learning and how are instructional decisions made based on the topic?
It may sound both crazy and controversial, but it may be most educationally empowering to the child and the teacher alike, rather than regarding individuals who learn or comport themselves 'differently' in the classroom as burdensome, to see ADHD as a potential if difficult gift for the classroom. The ADHD way of viewing learning can provide teachers with a new way of approaching the world and the rules of the teacher-student dialogue.
Yes, of course, distracted and hyperactive behavior must conform to respectable standards within the classroom. A teacher cannot…...
mlaWorks Cited
Attention Deficit Disorders: What Teachers Should Know." (1994) U.S. Department of Education. Classroom Strategies for a Class with Students with ADD. Retrieved 4 Aug 2005 at http://www.ldonline.org/ld_indepth/add_adhd/add-school1.html#anchor131686
ADHD -- Symptoms." (2004) The Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved 4 Aug 2005 at http://aolsvc.health.webmd.aol.com/content/article/89/100386.htm
ADHD -- What is it?" (2004) The Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved 4 Aug 2005 at http://aolsvc.health.webmd.aol.com/content/article/89/100391.htm?z=1623_86000_0000_rl_02
The Medical Treatment of ADHD." (2004) The Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved 4 Aug 2005 at http://aolsvc.health.webmd.aol.com/content/article/89/100397.htm
Each of the children received one of four possible treatments over a fourteen-month period - behavioral treatment, medication management, combination of the two, or usual community care. The results of this study showed that children who were treated with medication alone, which was carefully managed and individually tailored, and children who received both medication management and behavioral treatment had the best outcomes with respect to improvement of ADHD symptoms. The best results in terms of the proportion of children showing excellent response regarding were provided by ADHD combination treatment and oppositional symptoms, and in other areas of functioning. Overall, those who received closely monitored medical management had greater improvement in their ADHD symptoms than children who received either intensive behavioral treatment without medication or community care with less carefully monitored medication.
Treatment for ADHD is not without controversy. For most children with the disorder, medication is an integral part of…...
mlaBibliography
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)." Center for Disease Control. 28 June 2005. 27 July 2005 http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/default.htm .
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Overview)." National Institue of Mental Health. 2001. 28 July 2005 http://www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/helpchild.cfm .
Barkley, R. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorders: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment. New York: Guilford Press, 1998.
Bateman, B, JO Warner, E Hutchinson, T Dean, P Rowlandson, C Gant, J Grundy, C Fitzgerald and J. Stevenson. "The effects of a double blind, placebo controlled, artificial food colourings and benzoate preservative challenge on hyperactivity in a general population sample of preschool children." BMJ Publishing Group & Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. 14 September 2003. 28 July 2005 http://adc.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/89/6/506 .
He must have a reasonable amount of stick-to-itiveness and patience to tolerate difficult tasks; if he gives up immediately, learning will obviously be impaired. And... The ADHD child is both inattentive and readily frustrated. The learning problems are further complicated because they tend to move in vicious circles; they often snowball. (Wender, 2000, p. 22)
Another related aspect is that unless the problems that the student is experiencing are related to his or her ADHD condition, the student may become demotivated as a result of poor performance and criticism. This can lead to other learning issues and even to serious related problems such as the loss of self -worth and self-esteem. This will in turn impact again on the learning ability of the student.
There are numerous studies which attest to the relationship between ADHD and learning problems. In a study by Maynard et al. (1999) it was found that students…...
mlaReferences
ADHD. Retrieved May 29, 2006, at http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=101227181 http://www.psychiatry24x7.com/bgdisplay.jhtml?itemname=adhd_guest_consumers&s=2
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. (2004). In The Columbia Encyclopedia (6th ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. Retrieved May 30, 2006, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=101230476
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 1. Retrieved May 29, 2006, at http://www.parentingteens.com/adhd.html
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Retrieved may 31, 2006, at http://www.childrenshospital.org/az/Site610/mainpageS610P0.html
Scientists have not yet figured out what causes ADHD, even though many studies propose that genes play a large part. Like a lot of other sicknesses, ADHD almost certainly can be contributed to a mixture of factors. In addition to genetics, researchers are looking at probable environmental factors, and are examining how brain injuries, nutrition, and the social environment might add to ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (2010). Most research supports the hypothesis that ADHD is a physiological situation and is consequently present at birth. Nevertheless, the obvious beginning of ADHD indications characteristically takes place early in childhood. Prior to the age of five, ADHD indications may be hard to diagnose, for the reason that most young kids are extremely energetic, easily distractible, and impulsive. Consequently, the average age of diagnosis is eight years for ADHD and ten years for ADD. The dissimilarity in diagnosis age likely takes place…...
mlaReferences
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). (2010). Retrieved May 30, 2011 from deficit hyperactivity disorder/complete-index.shtmlhttp://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/attention
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. (2011). Retrieved May 30, 2011,
from deficit hyperactivity disorder-ADHD-in-children?q=attention+deficit+hyperactivityhttp://www.bing.com/health/article/mayo-125656/Attention
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Treatment Overview. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/guide/adhd-treatment-overview
Effects of Underage Drinking
Underage drinking poses significant risks to the physical, cognitive, and emotional health of youth. The consumption of alcohol by individuals under the legal drinking age has been associated with a wide range of negative consequences, both short-term and long-lasting.
Physical Effects
Liver damage: Alcohol can damage the liver, leading to scarring and cirrhosis.
Heart disease: Excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and high blood pressure.
Pancreatitis: Alcoholism can cause pancreatitis, an inflammation of the pancreas.
Cancer: Alcohol consumption has been linked to an increased risk of certain types of cancer, including liver, colorectal,....
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