Winter avers that it begins with reconciliation with God. To atone, one has to rebuild the relationship with God. This relationship has to be built on love, necessarily. And how does recompense for sin plays into all of this? y asking for forgiveness and recognizing the sin. Winter provides several examples from the gospels which leave no doubt about the recognition of wrongdoing and asking forgiveness. One example (of many) that illustrates this completely is the parable of the Prodigal Son. Here no compensation is required of the youngest son other than recognition of his abandoning his father and the associated contrition. Indeed, this ties in with Winter's earlier claim that for atonement to have occurred, it was not necessary that Jesus die a painful death -- despite claims that he bore the sum total of the burden of the sins of humanity.
Winter also addresses the obvious question: is…...
mlaBibliography
Kent, W. (1907). Doctrine of the Atonement. In the Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved March 22, 2009 from New Advent:
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02055a.htm
Winter, Michael. (1995) the Atonement. in. Problems in Theology. Collegeville, MN: The Liturgical Press.
This could or has happened to many individuals -- saying or doing something without thinking and then not knowing how to get out of the web of lies.
But what about Briony when she is older and supposedly wiser? Does she remain a sympathetic character in her aging years? Based on the definition above of atonement, this cannot be the case. She knows what she has done and reveals her account of the crime of a wrong accusation. Yet, she cannot clearly face herself in the mirror and admit to that inner self exactly what she had set in motion that day. At the end she instead turns away from reality into fiction and states: "How could that constitute an ending? What sense or hope or satisfaction could a reader draw from such an account? Who would want to believe that, except in the service of the bleakest realism? I…...
106-7). What follows is deeply tragic as Robbie is sent to prison and two people in love are separated forever.
Years later, Broiny realizes that she had made a terrible mistake and wants to atone for it. Hence the title of the novel-however this atonement, we realize is meaningless because it is completely fictional. Being a writer, Broiny writes the story of her sister, Robbie, and her own grand error. But instead of presenting the story as it was, she manipulates the ending and unites the two lovers. This was her way of atoning for her mistake-even though we know it was only on the paper. Broiny doesn't appear to be in as much pain as she should have been. She doesn't seem to care much about the facts as she writes: "If I really cared so much about facts, I should have written a different kind of book" (p.…...
Romeo and Juliet and Atonement
Romeo and Juliet has always been one of illiam Shakespeare's most popular and successful plays, even though critics have sometimes dismissed it as an immature or sentimental work. In that respect, Atonement is not sentimental at all but rather grimly realistic, although the love of Ronnie and Cecelia also ends tragically. Both the play and novel have a great deal of seemingly irrational and senseless violence that destroys the lives of the main characters. In Atonement, the violence takes the form of a system that convicts Robbie unjustly of a crime he did not commit, and then gives him a choice of either serving in a war as cannon fodder or staying in jail. Cecilia and Briony also experience the violence of wartime London with regular bombing and endless numbers of badly mangled bodies that flood into the hospitals where they work. In Romeo and Juliet,…...
mlaWORKS CITED
Coontz, S. Marriage, A History: From Obedience to Intimacy or How Love Conquered Marriage. NY: Viking, 2005.
Jankowiak, W. And T. Paladino. "Desiring Sex, Longing for Love: A Tripartite Conundrum" in W.R. Jankowiak (ed). Intimacies: Love and Sex across Cultures. Columbia University Press, 2008, pp. 1-15.
McEwan, Ian. Atonement. Knopf Publishing Group, 2001.
Shakespeare, William. Romeo and Juliet. Cedric Watts (ed). Wadsworth Editions, Ltd., 1992, 2000.
War is thrilling; war is drudgery. War makes you a man; war makes you dead" (O'Brien 86-87). It is interesting that Briony includes a large section of World War II in her novel, tying these two works together in many ways. Briony is writing to assuage her own guilt, but there seems to be at least some of that in O'Brien's novel, as well. He seems to be writing about these experiences to help free himself from guilt about fighting in a war that no one wanted, while Briony is trying to get over her guilt for far different reasons.
In her mind, Briony knows that she has acted rashly and without real knowledge. She thinks to herself during the accusations, "She was like a bride-to-be who begins to feel her sickening qualms as the day approaches, and dares not speak her mind because so many preparations have been made…...
mlaReferences
Calloway, Catherine. "How to Tell a True War Story: Metafiction in the Things They Carried." Critique 36.4 (1995): 249-257.
McEwan, Ian. Atonement. New York: Doubleday, 2001.
O'Brien, Tim. The Things They Carried. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1990.
Stovel, Nora Foster. "Ian McEwan: Atonement." International Fiction Review 31.1-2 (2004): 114+.
" This means that God indeed hates humans because of the sins that we commit, and we do have to trust in God and in salvation, otherwise, we would be deemed to suffer an eternal torment in Hell. When Jesus Christ, He happened to save all of us unworthy human beings form the severity of God's wrath, which would have descended on us if this supreme sacrifice by Jesus Christ had not been made on time. More people have to be taught this truth, and this is the one way in which the way to salvation can be presented to them, and this without showing them what exactly they need to be saved from. If the truth of Jesus Christ's great sacrifice was to be ignored, then this means that His act of courage and sacrifice is being effectively ignored, and as a consequence, being devalued. Therefore, it can be…...
mlaReferences
Johnson, Phil. The Nature of the atonement: Why and for whom did Jesus Christ die? 2003.
Retrieved at Accessed on 17 March, 2005http://www.biblebb.com/files/MAC/SC03-1027.htm .
Nathan, S; Beman, DD. The Atonement in its Relations to God and to man. 2000.
Retrieved at Accessed on 17 March, 2005http://www.gospeltruth.net/Beman_Atonement/beman04.htm .
Sampson proclaims, "A dog of the house of Montague moves me," declaring any person from the Montague family has the power to make him angry (I.i.7). The conflict between the two houses is reason why Romeo and Juliet are met with such obstacles to be together, and contributes to their need to take extreme measures, i.e. fake their death and ultimately commit suicide, to escape them. Romeo and Juliet first meet under circumstances where they are not aware of their family affiliations. Once their familial identities are revealed, however, their attraction is enhanced, not hindered. For Romeo to wed a Capulet and Juliet to wed a Montague is the most extreme act of rebellion against family expectation. This form of rebellion also has a "forbidden fruit" effect. Individuals tend to want something they cannot have and this includes romantic love interests. By family principle, Romeo is not allowed to…...
mlaWorks Cited
McEwan, I. Atonement. New York, NY: Random House, Inc., 2001. Print.
Shakespeare, W. Romeo and Juliet. New York, NY: Random House, Inc., 1975. Print.
Sternberg, R, and K. Weis. The New Psychology of Love. Binghamton, NY: Vail-Ballou Press, 2006. 87-325. Print.
At seventeen years old, Catherine takes a vacation to Bath, which "offers a variety of human types . . . that a girl from a village rectory could never have encountered at home" (Lauber 18). She is often uncertain of herself, not liking to spend time at gatherings in which no one present is an acquaintance of hers (Austen 12). Because Catherine is fairly new to being social, she experiences "trials and errors in 'reading'" people (Kelly) and sets a few traps for herself, unable to express herself freely or clearly. Catherine comes to discover that she is a singular type of person who prefers to read novels instead of books that could teach her something (Austen 38), and it may be due to her excessive reading of fiction that she misunderstands social interaction. ith the time she spends poring over novels, she has an active imagination that causes…...
mlaWorks Cited
Austen, Jane. Northanger Abbey. New York: Random House, Inc., 2007. Print.
Kelly, Gary. "Jane Austen." British Romantic Novelists, 1789-1832. Ed. Bradford Keyes Mudge.
Dictionary of Literary Biography Vol. 116. Detroit: Gale Research, 1992. Literature
Resource Center. Web. 11 May 2011.
Betrayal and Atonement in Narnia
In the novel The Lion, the itch, and the ardrobe, C.S. Lewis creates the beginning of an epic work in children's fiction, a story set in a different world called Narnia where the young friends who are the protagonists of the story interact with an imaginative group of characters and situations. Lewis used this other world as a way of commenting on certain idea sin this world, though he did so in a way that some might consider out of date because he was not interested in the cynical vision of the modernists in fiction:
Harkening back to a premodern era, Lewis's works, particularly his fiction, address such themes as betrayal and forgiveness, good and evil, the nature of life and death, courage, loyalty, tradition, and the existence of absolute truth and a fixed moral order. He consciously rejects such contemporary themes as the endless quest for…...
mlaWorks Cited
Attebery, Brian. The Fantasy Tradition in American Literature: From Irving to Le Guin. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1980.
Brennan, Matt. "The Lion, the Witch and the Allegory: An Analysis of Selected Narnia ChroniclesThe Lion, the Witch and the Allegory: An Analysis of Selected Narnia Chronicles." Into the Wardrobe - Papers (November 1998), http://cslewis.drzeus.net/papers/lionwitchallegory.html .
Lewis, C.S. The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. New York: HarperCollins, 1950.
Lewis, Naomi. "C. S. Lewis: Overview." In Twentieth-Century Children's Writers, 4th ed., Laura Standley Berger (ed.), 1995. Gale Group: Literature Resource Center.
Atonement
Joe right's 2007 Atonement opens with a shot of the home of Briony et al. in miniature -- a replica of the mansion estate where the main characters live and work in England, 1935. The shot pulls back as the keys of a typewriter are heard clacking away (prior to this, the clacks coincide with the appearance of the text on-screen announcing both title and setting of the film -- and the shift from non-diegetic to diegetic sound is the first of many surprises in this cleverly crafted period piece by right). right's command of the material is as impressive as his work in Pride and Prejudice and as mesmerizing as it would later be in Anna Karenina. Here, the whole of the film, which is "a story about storytelling" (Santas, ilson, Colavito, Baker 60), is foreshadowed in one subtle pull-back as the camera, focused squarely on the miniature doll-house…...
mlaWorks Cited
Ebert, Roger. "Atonement." RogerEbert.com, 6 Dec 2007. Web. 23 Feb 2016.
Travers, Peter. "Atonement." Rolling Stone, 14 Dec 2007. Web. 23 Feb 2016.
Santas, Constantine; Wilson, James; Colavito, Maria; Baker, Djoymi. The Encyclopedia
of Epic Films. UK: Rowman & Littlefield, 2014. Print.
"All you family assumed it for all my education… I was still little better than a servant, still not to be trusted." The real dysfunction, then, goes far beyond the Tallis estate, and is more clearly a broader sociological dysfunction embedded within society. "He laughed politely, though he must have thought me profoundly stupid. It is quite impossible these days to assume anything about people's educational level from the way they talk or dress or from their taste in music. Safest to treat everyone you meet as a distinguished intellectual." (p. 342).
Instead of following this path, however, the circumstances surrounding that tragic evening cause both sisters to rethink their role as women, and members of society, in favor of a service career -- nursing. Cecilia travels to London, becomes a nurse, and cuts herself completely away from the family. Cecilia is so ashamed of her family, not only is…...
mlaREFERENCES
Daniels, B. (2003). Poverty and Families in Victorian England. Hiddenlives.org. Retrieved from: http://www.hiddenlives.org.uk.articles/poverty.html
Knight, K. (2009). Doctrine of the Atonement. New Advent. Retrieved from: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02055a.htm
McEwan, I. (2003). Atonement. New York: Anchor Books.
Life and Death in Shanghai" by Nien Cheng, "Atonement" by Ian McEwan and "The Violent Bear it Away" by Flannery O'Connor.
This paper will analyze how the three books demonstrate the significance of truth in one's life and how big a priority it is or isn't.
Search For Truth
Is Truth the winner in the end? Is the battle between Good or Evil always by won by Good? Could lies have terrible consequences on not only one's own life but on others? These are some of the questions that are raised and/or answered in Life and Death in Shanghai, Atonement and The Violent Bear It All.
Life and Death in Shanghai" by Nien Cheng is a true account of how Nien Cheng's life was persecuted and imprisoned during the time of Mao Zedong's Cultural Revolution in China. (1966-1976).
During this time, Nien Cheng became a victim of the revolution. Her home was looted by…...
mlaWorks Cited
Life and Death in Shanghai by Nien Cheng
Atonement by Ian McEwan
The Violent Bear It All by Flannery O'Connor
(d) etribution serves towards a constructive purpose of -- as Braithwhite calls it -- 'restorative shame' rather than 'stigmatizing shame'
In 1988, John Braithwaite published "Crime, shame, and eintegration" where he introduced his idea of restorative shaming (Braithwaite, 1997). The conventional criminal justice stigmatizes the individual in that it not only makes him a pariah of society thereby making it harder to reform himself, but also crushes his esteem, causing others to deride and shun him, accordingly often making him react in a reinforcing manner. Seeing himself as 'offender' and finding it extremely difficult to readjust and gain acceptance in society, the offender may be compelled to return to crime as way of livelihood to support himself and as a way of gaining the prestige and status that he m ay need and that he may, otherwise, not gain.
estorative justice, on the other hand, helps offender atone for his crime by…...
mlaReferences
Acorn, a. (2004). Compulsory compassion: a critique of restorative justice Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press
Braithwaite, J. (1989) Crime, shame, and Reintegration New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Christie, N. (1977), Conflicts as Property, British Journal of Criminology, 17: 1-15.
Correctional Service of Canada. [Online] Retrieved from:
Hero with 1,000 Faces
The classic hero seems to teach us the value of humanity, while helping us strive for excellence by understanding the value of the experiences rendered through intuition, emotions, and often feelings that are special to the hero -- often rather than logical reasoning. The paradigm of heroism transcends genre, chronology and has become so common in the human collective consciousness that it is easily recognized and repeated (Campbell).
One very interesting aspect of the human experience is the manner in which certain themes appear again and again over time, in literature, religion, mythology, and culture -- regardless of the geographic location, the economic status, and the time period. Perhaps it is the innate human need to explain and explore the known and unknown, but to have disparate cultures in time and location find ways of explaining certain principles in such similar manner leads one to believe that there…...
mlaREFERENCES
Bittarello, M. "ReCrafting the Past: The Complex Relationship Between Myth and Ritual." Pomegranate: The International Journal of Pagan Studies. 10 (2): 210-24, Print.
Campbell, J., et.al. The Hero's Journey: Joseph Campbell on his Life and Work. New York: New World Library, 2003, Print.
Campbell, J. The Hero With a Thousand Faces. New York: New World Library, 2008, Print..
Holquin, B., et.al. The Dark Crystal: Creation Myths, Volume 1. Los Angeles, CA: Arachia Publishers, 2011, Print.
Providence Debate
According to J.P. De Caussade, God speaks "today as he spoke in former times to our fathers when there were no directors as at present, nor any regular method of direction."
In other words, Fr. De Caussade asserts that God maintains and has always maintained a personal relationship, or a providential relationship, with mankind. However, the exact way in which God exercises control over the world and the lives of humans in the world has been debated for many centuries. Indeed, in the realm of God's providence, there are numerous variables and nuanced positions, which have been argued by Christians since the time of the Apostles through to the Protestant Reformation right up to today. This paper will consider the two broader views of recent centuries -- the Arminian and the Calvinist -- and evaluate whether there might be alternative views that incorporate both perspectives of how Providence affects us…...
mlaBibliography
Aquinas, Thomas. Summa Theologiae, Benziger Bros, ed. [trans. Fathers of the English
Dominican Province]. Christian Classics Ethereal Library. 1947.
Chang, Andrew D. "Second Peter 2:1 and the Extent of the Atonement," Bibliotheca
Sacra, Jan-Mar, 1985, 52.
1. The protagonists actions in the novel shape our understanding of the central message by illustrating the theme of redemption through his journey of self-discovery and atonement.
2. Through the protagonists choices and decisions, we see how the central message of the novel emphasizes the power of forgiveness and the possibility of second chances.
3. The protagonists actions serve as a vehicle for exploring the complexities of human nature and the potential for transformation, highlighting the novels central message of personal growth and redemption.
4. By examining the protagonists interactions with other characters and the consequences of....
Christology: The Nature and Person of Jesus Christ
Introduction
Christology is the branch of theology that explores the nature and person of Jesus Christ. It seeks to understand Jesus' relationship with God, his humanity, his divinity, and his role in human salvation. Throughout history, various theories and perspectives have emerged within Christology, each attempting to capture the complex and multifaceted nature of Jesus' identity.
Biblical Foundations
The primary source for understanding the nature of Jesus Christ is the Bible, particularly the New Testament. The Gospels present Jesus as both fully human and fully divine. He is portrayed as having both human flesh and a....
Sibling rivalry, a common theme in literature, explores the intricate dynamics between siblings, often highlighting the tension, competition, and sometimes, the deep-seated affection that exists within these relationships. This theme has been examined through various lenses, from psychological to socio-economic, providing a rich tapestry of narratives that delve into the human psyche and familial bonds.
One of the earliest and most profound explorations of sibling rivalry can be found in the Bible, specifically in the story of Cain and Abel. This narrative, found in Genesis, sets a foundational tone for the exploration of sibling dynamics. Here, the rivalry leads to the....
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