Asperger Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes and Effects
Symptoms

Symptoms at birth

At Six to Eighteen Months

At Three to Eleven Years

At 12+ Years

Causes of Asperger syndrome

Treatments for Asperger Syndrome

Students with Asperger Syndrome

Adults with Asperger syndrome

Violence in Asperger Syndrome

Hang Asperger, a pediatrician, researched on Asperger syndrome but Lorna Wing, a psychiatrist and physician, was the one who familiarized the world with Asperger syndrome (Lyons, Fitzgerald, & Fitzgerald, 2005). In 1994, Asperger researched on four children who were unable to interact socially due to their lack of nonverbal communication skills. He called this condition "Autistic psychopathy." ut in 1981, Dr. Wing published some case studies of children with similar symptoms. She was the one who called it "Asperger's syndrome." The term was added to world Health Organization's diagnostic manual in 1992, although it was equated with highly functioning autism (National Institute of Neurological Disorder and Stroke, 2012).

Asperger syndrome is an autism spectrum disorder i.e. ASD. Autism is…...

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Bibliography

A.D.A.M. (2008). Asperger Syndrome. The New York Times.

Dillion, M.R. (2007, June). Creating Supports for College Students with Asperger Syndrome through Collaboration. College Student Journal, 41(2), 499.

Ghaziuddin, M. (2005). Mental Health Aspects of Autism and Asperger Syndrome. Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley.

Gibbons, M.M., & Goins, S. (2008). Getting to Know the Child with Asperger Syndrome. Professional School Counseling, 11(5), 347.

Most normal people that are not aware of the condition of one suffering from the Asperger syndrome might regard him or her as being insensitive.
One of the best methods to instruct Asperger syndrome sufferers how to behave from an early age would be the telling of various social stories relating to activities performed by the respective sick persons. (Frank J. Sansosti, Kelly a. Powell-Smith 2006)

Asperger's syndrome sufferers are not necessarily selfish. it's just that they are unable to understand the fact that they are not the only ones involved in the conversation.

Those suffering from Asperger syndrome usually are inflexible, as they are obsessed with routines. In contrast to one suffering from Asperger syndrome, a normal person is actually aware and might be annoyed by his or her obsession with a certain routine. Asperger syndrome sufferers don't believe that it is unnatural to be fanatically preoccupied with a routine.

Anxiety is…...

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Works cited:

1. Barnhill Gena P.. What Is Asperger Syndrome?. Intervention in School & Clinic, Vol. 36, 2001.

2. Barnhill Gena P., Smith Myles Brenda. Attributional Style and Depression in Adolescents with Asperger Syndrome. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, Vol. 3, 2001.

3. Gagnon Elisa, Robbins Lisa. Ensure Success for the Child with Asperger Syndrome. Intervention in School & Clinic, Vol. 36, 2001.

4. Safran Stephen P.. Asperger Syndrome: The Emerging Challenge to Special Education. Exceptional Children, Vol. 67, 2001.

Treatment

Most forms of treatment for as individuals involve explicitly teaching them how to behave specific social situations in ways that others might take for granted. "hile social skills instruction is an important strategy for promoting social success, some critics argue that it merely teaches individuals 'how to' act in specific social situations, but not how to generate any kind of 'social thinking' or problem-solving about how to act in novel or unexpected situations" and merely reinforces the rote behaviors of as (Blacher & Howell 2008). The approach may often develop on the degree of impairment. Role-plays, story-telling and 'what if' situations are common methods of instruction, as well as breaking down social skills into subskills, "such as greeting others, initiating topics, staying on topic, maintaining reciprocity, using nonverbal communication (eye contact, facial expressions, gestures) appropriately, checking in to see if the listener is still interested, and appropriately ending conversations (i.e.,…...

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Works Cited

Asperger Syndrome; New Asperger syndrome study findings have been published by scientists at University of Colorado. (2009, March). Mental Health Weekly Digest, 96. Retrieved March 23, 2009, from ProQuest Health and Medical Complete database. (Document ID: 1662904251).

Blacher, Jan & Erica Howell. (2008, October). Becoming social: Interventions with youth who have high-functioning autism and Asperger Syndrome. The Exceptional

Parent, 38(10), 56-57. Retrieved March 23, 2009, from Research Library database. (Document ID: 1586932641).

Sullivan, Amanda & Linda C. Caterino. (2008). Addressing the sexuality and sex education of individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Education & Treatment of Children, 31(3), 381-394. Retrieved March 23, 2009, from ProQuest Psychology

Another important defining characteristic of AS is that people who seem to have it are often gifted intellectually,
While only a small percentage of individuals with autism are considered to be high functioning (without mental retardation), all children with AS have average to above average intelligence. In fact, many with AS may be intellectually gifted, which may mask the many difficulties they experience from adults and peers alike (Wing, 1998). The ever-present problems that individuals with AS face in socialization and peer rejection throughout the life span are what truly constitutes it as a PDD, influencing all aspects of their daily lives (Frith & Happe). (Safran, 2001, p. 151)

Because one of the most difficult issues facing those with AS is associated with emotion and socialization, as they often lack skills to recognize normal social cues such as facial and body expressions, the nonverbals that most of us take for granted…...

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References

Hume, K., Bellini, S., & Pratt, C. (2005). The Usage and Perceived Outcomes of Early Intervention and Early Childhood Programs for Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 25(4), 195-220.

Henault, I. (2005). Chapter 12 Sexual Relationships. In Asperger's Syndrome: Intervening in Schools, Clinics, and Communities, Baker, L.J. & Welkowitz, L.A. (Eds.) (pp. 243-253). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Mccarton, C. (2003). 6 Assessment and Diagnosis of Pervasive Developmental Disorder. In Autism Spectrum Disorders, Hollander, E. (Ed.) (pp. 101-132). New York: Marcel Dekker.

Safran, S.P. (2001). Asperger Syndrome: The Emerging Challenge to Special Education. Exceptional Children, 67(2), 151.

The AS person has often spent an inordinate amount of time fixated on one particular (often peculiar) topic, and when that person is in a social environment, he or she tends to ramble on about the topic and that one-sided rambling is more important to that AS person than any other activity in a social setting, oodbury-Smith writes on page 4. According to oodbury-Smith, as the AS person gets older, the tendency to focus obsessively on one particular topic is increased, "…and they can be debilitating in terms of frequency of engagement as well as degree of distress that they cause the person and their family" (oodbury-Smith, 2009, p. 4).

The "gold standard" as far as a diagnostic approach to determining autism vs. AS is through use of ADI-R (based on autism interviews) and of ADOS ("autism diagnostic observation scale"). The ADI-R amounts to a "semi-structured interview" between a person believed…...

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Works Cited

Barnhill. Gena P. (2007). Outcomes in Adults with Asperger Syndrome. Focus on Autism

and other Developmental Disabilities, 22(2), 116-126.

Beaumont, Renae, and Sofronoff, Kate. (2008). A multi-component social skills intervention for children with Asperger syndrome: The Junior Detective Training Program. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(7), 743-753.

Bellando, Jayne, and Pulliam, Elizabeth. (2009). Helping the Student with Asperger's Disorder

It is estimated that as many as 50% of all adults with Asperger Syndrome are never correctly evaluated or diagnosed, thus these non-diagnosed Aspergers are seen as eccentric or 'just different,' or they may even receive other psychiatric diagnoses (Bauer 1996). Bauer claims to have encountered several such individuals who have been able to make use of their other skills to achieve success, both personally and professionally. In fact, many individuals with Asperger Syndrome represent a unique part of society, for their single mindedness and obsessive interest in certain academic areas have often contributed to advancements in areas such as science and math (Bauer 1996).

orks Cited

Asperger Syndrome Fact Sheet. (2007). National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Retrieved February 10, 1007 at http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/asperger/detail_asperger.htm#51093080

Bauer, Stephen. (1996). Asperger Syndrome. The Developmental Unit, the Genesee

Hospital: Rochester, New York. Retrieved February 10, 2007 at http://www.aspennj.org/bauer.html

Gingras, Happy. (2006 January 01). Educational interventions for individuals with…...

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Works Cited

Asperger Syndrome Fact Sheet. (2007). National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Retrieved February 10, 1007 at  http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/asperger/detail_asperger.htm#51093080 

Bauer, Stephen. (1996). Asperger Syndrome. The Developmental Unit, the Genesee

Hospital: Rochester, New York. Retrieved February 10, 2007 at  http://www.aspennj.org/bauer.html 

Gingras, Happy. (2006 January 01). Educational interventions for individuals with Asperger syndrome. Intervention in School & Clinic. Retrieved February 10, 2007 from HighBeam Research Library.

ASPERGER SYNDROME) INCLUDING THE ABSTRACT PAGE. PLEASE READ ALL INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY, ALSO PLEASE USE ONLY THE REFERENCES, I PROVIDED (6).
The Case of Mark

Individuals with Asperger Syndrome are typically unable to integrate society normally and persons that are in more critical situations actually need a lot of assistance in order to go through their daily lives without experiencing significant problems. The present essay discusses with regard to Mark, a four-year-old boy who has been diagnosed with Asperger Syndrome. Mark's parents suspected that something might be wrong with their child around the age of two when they realized that he developed very differently from his older sister or from other children his age.

Mark displays a series of symptoms characteristic to individuals with Asperger Syndrome, some of the most significant being the fact that he is usually reluctant to speak and that he prefers to focus on activities that only he understands.…...

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Works cited:

"Autism Spectrum Disorders"

Brown, H.M., & Klein, P.D. (2011). Writing, asperger syndrome and theory of mind. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(11), 1464-74. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1168-7 

Gill, J., & Liamputtong, P. (2013). Walk a mile in my shoes: Life as a mother of a child with asperger's syndrome. Qualitative Social Work, 12(1), 41-56. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473325011415565 

Helland, W.A., Biringer, E., Helland, T., & Heimann, M. (2012). Exploring language profiles for children with ADHD and children with asperger syndrome. Journal of Attention Disorders, 16(1), 34-43. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1605/01.301-0018296146.2012

Psychiatric and Psychosocial Implications Associated With as/Hfa
What are the psychiatric and psychosocial implications associated with Asperger syndrome and high functioning autism?

Asperger Syndrome and High Functioning Autism are two disorders that are overlapping and characterized by the impairment of social-communication and over-focused repetitive behaviors and interests. The two disorders are part of the autism spectrum, and the major difference is believed to be in language development. People with AS will not have suffered any delayed language development when they were young. According to Barbalat, Leboyer, and Zalla (2014) a person suffering from AS/HFA will demonstrate pedantic speech mostly with exaggerated or monotonous vocal intonation, motor clumsiness, and poor nonverbal communication. Though AS and classic autism belong to the same group of ASDs, people with AS mostly demonstrate a distinct pattern of social impairment, which seems milder than in classic autism. It has been hypothesized many times that the differences between classic…...

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References

Barbalat, G., Leboyer, M., & Zalla, T. (2014). A specific impairment in cognitive control in individuals with high-functioning autism. J Psychiatr Res, 58, 26-35. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.07.013

Mattila, M.L., Hurtig, T., Haapsamo, H., Jussila, K., Kuusikko-Gauffin, S., Kielinen, M., . . . Moilanen, I. (2010). Comorbid psychiatric disorders associated with Asperger syndrome/high-functioning autism: a community- and clinic-based study. J Autism Dev Disord, 40(9), 1080-1093. doi: 10.1007/s10803-010-0958-2

Wilson, C.E., Happe, F., Wheelwright, S.J., Ecker, C., Lombardo, M.V., Johnston, P., . . . Murphy, D.G. (2014). The neuropsychology of male adults with high-functioning autism or asperger syndrome. Autism Res, 7(5), 568-581. doi: 10.1002/aur.1394

Educators and other professionals in related fields have responded to the increasing prevalence of the condition by developing and implementing appropriate strategies and interventions even without sufficient understanding of the disorder. Teachers, counselors, school psychologists and others who render related services are encouraged to be familiar with the DSMIV-TR. They are also advised to acquire a working knowledge of the school-related characteristics of students with as so that they can deal with these students' learning needs. These children or learners exhibit typical social, behavioral or emotional, intellectual or cognitive, academic, sensory and motor characteristics. Many teachers remain incognizant of the special academic needs of as learners because these learners give the false impression that they comprehend the lesson. Their repetitive learning style and high-level of comprehension cover the deficits, which will otherwise reveal the disorder (Myles and Simpson).
These interventions and strategies are social and behavioral supports, academic planning and…...

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Bibliography

Atwood, T. (2006). Asperger's Syndrome. 12 pages. Tizard Learning Disability Review: Pavilion Publishing (Brighton) Ltd.

Bower, B. (2006). Outside Looking in: Researchers Open New Windows on Asperger's Syndrome and Related Disorders. 6 pages. Science News: Science Service, Inc.

Frey, R. (2003). Asperger's Syndrome. 2 pages. Gale Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders: Gale Group

Huffman, G.B. (2001). Autism: Detection, Evaluation and Interventions. 2 pages. American Family Physician: American Academy of Family Physicians

Asperger's Syndrome
When a parent, sibling, loved one, a friend, a teacher, a neighbor, or just a casual acquaintance of a person with Asperger's syndrome wants to know more about the specifics of this health problem, one of the most often quoted and referenced authorities to turn to is Dr. Tony Attwood. That's because Attwood is the author of several books on the subject - notably the high respected book, Asperger's Syndrome: A Guide for Parents and Professions - and is a practicing clinical psychologist with more than 25 years' experience treating individuals with Asperger's syndrome. Attwood also works with families of persons with Asperger's (also called Asperger) syndrome, and, importantly, also presents strategies for dealing with the problem and its manifestations.

What is Asperger's Syndrome (AS)?

Hans Asperger of Austria began to recognize this disability in 1944, but it did not become an item of medical interest in the English-speaking community until…...

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References

Asperger Syndrome Coalition of the U.S. (2003). Asperger Syndrome: Some Common

Questions. http://www.asperger.org.

Attwood, Tony (1998). Asperger's Syndrome: a Guide for Parents and Professionals.

London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.

2006). The article introduces an innovative research strategy; doctors are observing - in magnified format - key movement patterns in infants who may be showing early signs of as. To open the door to a "more accurate way of distinguishing autism from as," Teitelbaum explains, researchers are employing the "Eshkol-achman" movement notation (EMN), which was originally developed for dance and choreography. The EMN, in short, allows the most delicate deficits in infant movement to be detected.
Because the EMN system was designed to allow choreographers to write movement down on paper "that dancers could later reconstruct in its entirety," the EMN is proved to be "very detailed in analyzing a person's movement." Thus, the research team from the University of Florida asserted, when 16 videotapes from parents whose children had been diagnosed with as were analyzed using the EMN, this system of research was borne out as valid. The EMN…...

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Works Cited

AZ Psychiatry. (2005). Asperger's Syndrome: Epidemiology. Retrieved 7 Dec. 2008 at  http://www.azpsychiatry.info/cap/asperger/epidemiology.htm .

Hutcheson, Julian; & Rausch, Jeffrey L. (2006). Janssen Asperger's Risperidone Study.

Medical College of Georgia. Clinical Trials NIH. Retrieved 7 Dec. 2008 from  http://clinicaltrials.gov .

Kohn, Arlene; Zaphiriou, Marianna; & McDougle, Christopher J. (2005). A Study of Aripiprazole in Children and Adolescents with Asperger's and Pervasive Development

Social-Behavioral Learning Strategy Training on the Social Interaction Skills of Four Students with Asperger Syndrome by Marjorie Bock
The study focuses on three interrelated questions. 1. Can children with Asperger Syndrome learn the SODA (Stop, Observe, Deliberate, and Act) strategy to guide information processing during non-guided social interactions? 2. If children with Asperger Syndrome can learn the SODA strategy, will they use it during non-guided social interactions? 3. If children with Asperger Syndrome use SODA in non-guided social interactions will its use help them with problem solving during these interactions?

Theoretical Foundation

One of the theoretical underpinnings of what is known about Asperger Syndrome is that children with Asperger Syndrome face difficulties in social interactions, largely due to a perceived inability to understand age-appropriate social customs. This failure is not believed to be due to a lack of desire to interact in socially appropriate ways, but due to an inability to determine…...

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References

Bock, M. (2007). The impact of social-behavioral learning strategy training on the social interaction skills of four students with Asperger Syndrome, Focus on Autism and other Behavioral Disabilities, 22(2), 88-95.

(Henderson, 2001)
Toth & King (2008) explain that within the past two decades, a growing body of research has attempted to address the diagnostic and phenotypic ambiguity between AS and high-functioning autism. Some authors believe that the neuropsychological and behavioral profiles of AS and high-functioning autism differ, while others have argued that there is little empirical evidence for a distinction between these two disorders. esearchers conducted a comprehensive study that examined differences based on external criteria (cognitive / intellectual profiles, executive function, language, current symptoms, early history, and course of illness) as opposed to criteria involving the definition of the two syndromes. They found few group differences in current symptom presentation and cognitive function but many differences in early history. Individuals with AS outperformed those with high-functioning autism on the comprehension subtest of the WISC-III and in expressive language ability, but there were no differences on measures of executive function…...

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References

Henderson, L. (2001). Asperger's Syndrome in Gifted Individuals. Gifted Child Today, 24(3), 28. Retrieved from MasterFILE Premier database.

Toth, K. & King, B. (n.d). Asperger's Syndrome: Diagnosis and Treatment. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(8), 958. Retrieved from ProQuest: ProQuest Research Library Core database.

hile Dr. Asperger called the condition "autistic psychopathy" and described it as a personality disorder primarily marked by social isolation, today Asperger's Syndrome is identified as a brain, communication, or neurological disorder like autism, not a personality disorder like, for example, antisocial personality disorder ("Asperger's Syndrome fact sheet," 2008, NINDS).
Like autism, Asperger's Syndrome is characterized by repetitive routines, rituals, and movements, poor social skills, and odd ways of communicating that do not take into consideration the other person's feelings and needs. The distinguishing feature of Asperger's, in contrast to classical autism, is that the individuals all have normal IQ but show "limited interests or an unusual preoccupation with a particular subject to the exclusion of other activities" ("Asperger's Syndrome fact sheet," 2008, NINDS). Unlike autistic individuals who show little interest in others, Asperger children may seek out companionship, but may drive other people away because of their refusal to…...

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Works Cited

Autism." (11 Apr 2008). National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

NINDS). Retrieved 10 Apr 2008 at  http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/autism/detail_autism.htm 

Autism spectrum disorders (Pervasive developmental disorders)." (3 Apr 2008).

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Retrieved 10 Apr 2008 at  http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/autism/complete-publication.shtml

Asperger Syndrome (AS) and high functioning autism are oftentimes considered the same thing (or at least indistinguishable from each other) and the differences between the two are relatively minute. According to WEB MD (Autism, 2015) the revised Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) which was published in 2013, now lists Asperger's and autistic disorder as only one condition for diagnostic purposes, whereas previously they were listed separately. The new condition is now known as autism spectrum disorder. Some experts believe that the two should still be classified separately and Moran (2014) calls Aspergers disorder a close relative of autism that can be distinguished by limited social interaction that does not coincide with a significant delay in acquiring language skills as is normally found with autism. Moran further describes Aspergers as distinctive from autism with restrictive and highly idiosyncratic patient interests.
One patient in the Moran study could be used…...

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References

Autism (2015) Web MD, accessed on April 20, 2015 at  http://www.emedicinehealth.com/autism/page8_em.html 

Ban, E.; Souverein, P.; Meijer, W.; Engeland, H.; Swaab, H.; Egberts, T. & Heerdink, E.; (2014) Association between ADHD drug use and injuries among children and a dolescents, European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 23(2) p. 95-102

Beresford, T.P.; (2014) Clinical assessment of psychological adaptive mechanisms in medical settings, Journal of Clinical Psychology, Vol. 70, Issue 5, pp. 466 -- 477

Fonseca, V.R.; (2009) The autistic dialogic style: a case of Asperger's syndrome, Journal of Child Psychotherapy, 35(3) p. 250-261