We are much less active in our perception of smell, touch, sound, and taste. The other four senses are spontaneous and static, whereas the sense of sight is controllable and dynamic. For example, we cannot control our experience of a scent by focusing our noses, we can only control it by terminating the experience completely, e.g. covering our noses or moving out of the scent's range. Sound also has a way of just happening to you, you have no control over how sound reaches your ear except by terminating contact with it by covering your ears or insulating your rooms to obstruct the sound.
Conclusion
Sight is currently the dominant source of knowledge in creating our model of reality. As we become more interested in distant and unfamiliar things that we cannot hear, smell, feel, or taste, sight is plays a larger and larger role in constructing our model of reality.…...
mlaBibliography
Pallasmaa, Juhani. "The Eyes of the Skin: Architecture and the Senses" the New Humanities Reader. By Richard E. Miller and Kurt Spellmeyer. 4th ed. Boston: Wadsworth Pub., 2011. 282-298. Print.
Sacks, Oliver. "The Mind's Eye: What the Blind See" the New Humanities Reader. By Richard E. Miller and Kurt Spellmeyer. 4th ed. Boston: Wadsworth Pub., 2011. 303-317. Print.
Architecture & Behavior
Architecture Behavior
There is little question but that architecture is a regulator of human behavior. What sites and facilities look like and function as play key roles in the way people respond to and even participate in what they have to offer. The emergence of a number of fields of study on issues as diverse as health care practices and the habits of crime and safety as well as the developing field of New Urbanism all take for granted that the physical structures on which we depend impact the ways we reflect the world we live in -- for good and for bad. The American Psychological Association's Task Force on Urban Psychology put it this way: "urban psychology proposes that the mix of people and places that make up the urban setting affects psychological functioning and development in these settings" (APA, nd: vi) But exactly how it does this…...
mlaREFERENCES
APA Task Force (nd). Report of the Task Force of Urban Psychology: Toward an Urban Psychology. Research, Action, Policy. Viewable at http://www.apa.org/pi/ses/resources/publications/urban-taskforce.pdf .
Ellis, C. (2002). The New Urbanism: Critiques and Rebuttals. Journal of Urban Design. Vol. 7, No. 9. 261-291. Viewable at http://www.botsfor.no/publikasjoner/Litteratur/New%20Urbanism/The%20New%20Urbanism%20Critiques%20and%20Rebuttals%20by%20Chris%20Ellis.pdf .
LISC (2010). Primer: New Urbanism. Green Development Center. Viewable at http://www.lisc.org/docs/GDC/New_Urbanism_Primer.pdf .
Shah, R.C. And Kesan, J.P. (2007). How Architecture Regulates. Journal of Architectural and Planning Research. Vol. 24, No. 4. Pg. 350.
From approximately 1930 until the 1980s, rectangular and functional spaces were the chief form of architecture around the world in general. The latter part of the 20th century -- the 1980s onward -- saw change once again, however (2008). For the most part, 20th century architecture, however, "focused on machine aesthetics or functionality and failed to incorporate any ornamental accents in the structure" (2008). The designs were, for the most part, simplistic, uncomplicated, and lacking excessive detail in both the design and the construction process (2008). The term "form follows function" was based on this type of architecture (2008).
Ornamentation on a building does not necessarily have to be seen as criminal because, in many cases, ornamentation has social uses like serving as landmarks, offering the identity of the building, referencing scale, and attracting individuals to go inside the building. Ornamentation, under these examples, can be seen as quite functional…...
mlaReferences
Artect., 2007. "Burj Dubai Exhibit at Skyscraper Museum." Artect. Accessed on January 18,
2011: http://artect.net/?p=150
A View on Cities., 2011. "Torre Agbar." Accessed on January 10, 2011:
Architecture and Linguistics
Classical architecture can be described within the context of a linguistic model. Architecture and grammar are commonly described in terms of each other, and a deeper investigation reveals the strong conceptual relations between the two fields. As linguistic grammar comes from rules of the combination of words in sentences, a type of architectural grammar comes from the rules that relate to the combination of rooms within buildings. Further, linguistic semantics have an architectural correlate.
There seems to be a strong and ubiquitous relationship between architectural and linguistics. As such, the concepts of architecture and grammar are often intertwined within both the fields of linguistics and architecture. Elizabeth Cole's book "The Grammar of Architecture" typifies this natural and almost instinctive relationship, as it describes its comprehensive look at the history of architecture in linguistic terms. Similarly, Ronald Kaplain describes his look at English grammar in terms of architecture in his…...
mlaWorks Cited
Cole, Emily. 2002. The Grammar of Architecture. Bulfinch.
Kaplain, Ronald M. 1989. The Formal Architecture of Lexical-Functional Grammar. 04 December 2003. Abstract available online at http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/kaplan89formal.html
Wikipedia. Classical architecture. 04 December 2003. http://en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_architecture
Architecture and Urban Transformation: evisioning
The objective of this research is to examine the central of Footscray and specifically to posed specific questions including whether there is a discernable orderly underlying the structure of the city and how does one ready the city, decipher the complexities of the city and how does that reading inform the production of architecture? Also addressed in this study are the questions of how could the urban proposal act as a fulcrum to reengage with city and how does the architectural investigation enable expression of inclusiveness? Toward the goal of addressing these specific questions this study intends to conduct a review of literature relating to urban architectural production. The literature reviewed will be that of professional and academic peer-reviewed journals and publication. The findings reported are located in the discussion and conclusion sections of the present study.
Architecture and Urban Transformation: evisioning
Statement of Thesis
This work in writing…...
mlaReferences
Lynch, K (1960) The Image of the City. Cambridge: MIT Press;
Revisioning Footscray -- Final Report (2005) Red Road Development 14 June 2005.
Sennett, R., 'The conscience of the eye, the design and social life of cities', USA, 1992
Leikina, Daria (nd) Exposure and Transition. March, Studio 11.
This indicates the open and natural lines of the American prairie fields. A very interesting element of the obie House design is that it has neither a basement nor an attic; the latter was omitted to perpetuate the visual element of the horizontal represented by the house, while the former was omitted for the simple reason that Wright found it aesthetically unpleasant.
Instead, the communication of the house with the earth is a clean break between built surface and natural foundation, with only a four-step descent to allow for the furnace and coal rooms and a pit for working on the cars in the garage.
Another consideration in terms of the home's communication with its environment was its location in a city environment; the architect did not have much by way of natural environment to work with; hence a focus on geometrical construction to indicate the forms of nature -- in…...
mlaReferences
Coleman, Brian D. Historic Arts & Crafts Homes of Great Britain. Layton, Utah: Gibbs Smith, 2005.
Frampton, Kenneth. Modern Architecture 1851-1945. New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1983.
Hoffman, Donald. Frank Lloyd Wright's Robie House: The Illustrated Story of an Architectural Masterpiece. Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications, 1984.
End Notes
Elements like "exposed concrete beams, flat roofs, and large metal windows" are signature elements of both Villa Tegendhat and the Eames House (Neumann 88). What these structures do is to reduce the gap between commercial and personal, between home space and work space. After all, the Eames House was erected as a working studio by its own architectural team. It is a literal fusion of form and function; it is both work house and living space. The concept of blending industrial and domestic elements of design was quintessentially modern. With Villa Tegendhat, Mies would "revolutionize the aesthetics of the bourgeois interi- or by adopting materials and visual elements from the commercial architecture of store displays and exhibition spaces," (Neumann 88). In fact, Mies had revealed the multiple uses for chrome plating, which would be used in domestic architecture for the first time concurrently with uses in the automotive industry…...
mlaReferences
Correia, K. & Ngo, a. (2008). Eames House. Retrieved online: http://myweb.wit.edu/ngoa/architecture/arch245/precedent.pdf
Eames Foundation (2013). Eames House History. Retrieved online: http://eamesfoundation.org/eames-house-history/
Frampton, Kenneth (1987). Ten points on an architecture of regionalism: A provincial polemic. Retrieved online: http://home.earthlink.net/~aisgp/texts/regionalism/regionalism.html
Frampton, Kenneth. "Towards a Critical Regionalism." Retrieved online: http://designtheory.fiu.edu/readings/frampton_regionalism.pdf
Connor, Mallory McCane. Lost Cities of the Ancient Southeast. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 1995.
A www.questiaschool.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=91043982
Roth, Leland M. A Concise History of American Architecture. Boulder, CO: estview Press, 1980.
A www.questiaschool.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001802433
hite, Janet R. "The Ephrata Cloister: Intersections of Architecture and Culture in an Eighteenth-Century Utopia." Utopian Studies 11.2 (2000): 57.
A www.questiaschool.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=110539831
Eduardo Matos Moctezuma, "6 From Teotihuacan to Tenochtitlan Their Great Temples," trans. Scott Sessions, Mesoamerica's Classic Heritage: From Teotihuacan to the Aztecs, ed. David Carrasco, Lindsay Jones, and Scott Sessions (Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado, 2000) 188. http://www.questiaschool.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=70446617
Mallory McCane O'Connor, Lost Cities of the Ancient Southeast (Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 1995) 17. http://www.questiaschool.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5002571050
Dennis Doxtater, "Parallel Universes on the Colorado Plateau: Indications of Chacoan Integration of an Earlier Anasazi Focus at Canyon De Chelly," Journal of the Southwest 45.1-2 (2003). http://www.questiaschool.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=99883323
Alan Gowans, Styles and Types of North American Architecture: Social Function and Cultural Expression (New York: Icon Editions,…...
mlaWorks Cited
http://www.questiaschool.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5002571050
Doxtater, Dennis. "Parallel Universes on the Colorado Plateau: Indications of Chacoan Integration of an Earlier Anasazi Focus at Canyon De Chelly." Journal of the Southwest 45.1-2 (2003): 33+.
A www.questiaschool.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=99883293
Gowans, Alan. Styles and Types of North American Architecture: Social Function and Cultural Expression. New York: Icon Editions, 1993.
3. When he says architecture to-day is no longer conscious of its own beginnings, what does this seem to mean? What is his problem with architects, and do you think it is a problem?
What he means by this is that when architecture first came about it was born from someone's imagination and their viewpoints. There was nothing to compare it to and thus was original and novel. Le Corbusier is saying that now everything that is built is based upon some pre-existing style or idea and that no one is doing anything original. It is all about following in what is tried and true. This is a problem in the fact that without imagination and invention, things will become stale and tired and no new ways of doing things will ever be discovered.
Adolf Loos: "Ornament and Crime"
1. What does Loos' comparison of human cultures, especially Europeans and the Papuans (from…...
Indeed, the first use of the term 'architect' as against 'master mason' in France dates from 1511 and reflects the increasing influence of Italian ideas" ( P88). Heller goes on to state that "…humanist learning in architecture not only raised the status of the architect, it also helped to foster a new division of labor in construction…"( Heller 88).
1.4. Significance
The innovative design that was exhibited in this construction was to lead to unique and progressive developments in the field of architecture. This is evidenced by the following quotation; "This manner of thinking through the project as a whole and determining every aspect of its structure, construction, and aesthetics was very different from the traditional ways of the masons and was to some extent the birth of the modern architectural profession." (Castex 52)
runelleschi's design and building expertise was also innovative in other ways as well. His creation of a new…...
mlaBibliography
Andrea Palladio: Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2004. Web.
An Engineer's Aspect: Filippo Brunelleschi's Dome. Web.
Basilica of St. Peter. Web. < http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13369b.htm >
Bonde, S., R. Mark, and E.C. Robison. "Walls and Other Vertical Elements." In Architectural Technology Up to the Scientific Revolution: The Art and Structure of Large-Scale Buildings, edited by Robert Mark, 52-137. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1993.
The importance of the previous site to the locals is evidence in the fact that parts of that older building were "built into the terrace wall," ("Aegina, Temple of Aphaia (Building)"). The Temple of Portuna was built of different materials than the Greek temple, out of "tufa and travertine blocks which had been originally been coated with a fine layer of stucco," (Sullivan). What is significant from the context of construction is that the Temple of Portuna was built before marble was "widely accepted as a construction material in ome," (the Architecture of oman Temples: The epublic to the Middle Empire). Stucco was used, and so was travertine, materials that remained in use but less so after marble became fashionable in ome.
The cultural context of these two buildings tells much about the role that architecture plays in the community and culture. In ome, the Temple of Portunus was dedicated…...
mlaReferences
"Aegina, Temple of Aphaia (Building)" Retrieved online: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/artifact?name=Aegina,+Temple+of+Aphaia&object=Building
Gill, David W.J., 1988, the Temple of Aphaia on Aegina: The Date of the Reconstruction. The Annual of the British School at Athens, Vol. 83, (1988), pp. 169-177
Kashdan, Harry, n.d. "Temple of Aphaia on Aegina." Retrieved online: http://proteus.brown.edu/greekpast/4775
Sear, Frank, Roman Architecture.
Architecture and People (Tiesdel and Oc)
Architecture can be assessed aesthetically alone, as with a photograph, or experientially and as environments. This chapter is concerned with the latter.
while architecture can impact and improve social behavior, there are exceptions to that, it does not always work
Determinism: Environment determines behavior (is a crude belief, narrow minded) -- also takes away attention from real problems that the architecture was intended to solve but doesn't (like poverty)
Non-Determinism: also limited
Ideally, accept both; there is a mutual relationship between behavior and environment; environment is not the only determinant of behavior but it can be one factor
Amos Rappaport -- expanded view: determinancy is a "generic term for the continuum begtween determinancy and non-determinancy"
Continuum: One end is Physical environment determines human behavior=====Other end is Possibiliism (physical environment offers opportunities for people to make choices). IN between these two is Probabilism (physical environment not determining but makes some choices more…...
The Palais des Soviets and the Palais des Nations, like the Party Buildings in Nuremberg, symbolized the hoped for triumph of a "new order." Communism, like Nazism, believed that society functioned according to certain, almost mathematical laws. The dialectic of class against class had brought the proletariat to power, and the communist Soviet state represented the natural and inevitable apex of human evolution and history. Le Corbusier shared in the Nazi predilection for seeing scientific order as an ideal in all things. The classical building with its carefully defined parts and their mathematical relationships to one another were like the parts of a machine - each piece an essential part of the whole, the whole inoperable without the parts. Indeed, Le Corbusier likened the house to these engines of the industrial age calling houses "machines for living."
In 1931, the government of the Soviet Union announced a competition for designs…...
mlaWorks Cited
http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=108216793
Arnold, Dana. Reading Architectural History: An Annotated Anthology. New York: Routledge, 2002.
A www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=78759662
Bown, Matthew Cullerne. Art under Stalin. New York: Holmes & Meier, 1991.
The capital supported a horizontal element called the entablature, which was divided further into three different parts:
The architrave which was the lowest part
The frieze was the middle part
The cornice was the very top
These elements were further detailed with decorative moldings and ornamentation. Each part of the classical order was sized and arranged according to an overall proportioning system based on the height and diameter of the columns.
In order to examine the artistic features of that time period it is useful to look at the building materials with which a Greek architect had to use and the methods of putting them together. Greece had a large amount of good building stone. Many times there was an inexhaustible supply of white marble. There was also many beautiful colored marbles that the Romans had to figure out how to use. There was also many other common types of stone that was readily…...
mlaBibliography
Ziggurat.eu: Mesopotamia. 2009. Mesopotamia. (accessed June 8, 2009).http://www.ziggurat.eu/mesopotamia_en.html
Greek Architecture: Doric, Ionic, or Corinthian? 2009. Dummies.com (accessed June 8, 2009).http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/greek-architecture-doric-ionic-or-corinthian.html
Greek Architecture. n.d. The History of Ancient Greece. history.annourbis.com/GreekArt/GreekArthgrkr10_greek_architecture.html#greek_architectu re (accessed June 8, 2009).http://greek-
Paul's Cathedral, the work of England's most renown architect Christopher Wren (1632 -- 1723). Wren, a mathematical genius and highly-skilled engineer, built and designed this massive building, highlighted by its magnificent dome, after the Great Fire of 1666 which destroyed the old structure. According to Nikolaus Pevsner, St. Paul's Cathedral "is a splendid skyline composition with the two foreground towers acting effectively as foils to the great dome. The upper levels are quite differently designed than the lower levels which are Palladian" (256). Thus, Wren's skillful artistry and eclecticism brought these foreign features into a monumental unity, while the building itself serves as a prototype for later structures in both Europe and Colonial America.
Between 1785 and 1789 in the American colonies, future President Thomas Jefferson (1743 -- 1826) expressed his adoration for the Classical past of ancient Rome and Greece by going beyond architects who had incorporated only elements…...
mlaIn 1835 in London, another magnificent building was designed by Charles Barry (1795 -- 1860) and A.W.N. Pugin, being the new Houses of Parliament which replaced the old structure after being burned in 1835. Like Jefferson, Barry preferred the Classical style, yet Pugin convinced him to incorporate late English Gothic into the building. However, the Houses of Parliament is not genuinely Gothic, despite its picturesque tower groupings. Generally, this building "has a formal axial plan and a kind of Palladian regularity beneath its Tudor details" (Copplestone, 325), similar in nature to Wren's design of St. Paul's Cathedral more than a hundred years earlier.
Not surprisingly, Neoclassical and Gothic architecture dominated the early 19th century, but exotic styles of all kinds, mixed with ingredients borrowed from the East, also appeared. By mid century, Renaissance and Baroque were added to the inventory, especially in France with the Paris Opera House, designed by Charles Garnier and constructed between 1861 and 1874.
In contrast to these buildings, the movement known as Realism gradually replaced sentimental and romantic designs in favor of the purpose and function within a building. With the assistance of the Industrial Revolution, architects began to use iron which allowed engineering advances in the construction of larger, stronger and more fire-resistant structures. The tensile strength
How to begin a thesis on Wall House by Anupama Kundoo depends on how you are approaching the topic. Are you approaching Wall House as a work of architecture, art, human behavior, or a sustainability project? While the three areas combine and are not possible to completely separate, knowing your primary focus will help you determine how to start your thesis. It will also help you understand your audience. How familiar do you expect your readers to be with Wall House, with how it functions, or with Anupama Kundoo as an architect?
Regardless of the approach....
Sherlock Holmes is probably the most famous fictional detective in the English language. Known for his keen observational skills and ability to put together facts, Sherlock is still considered a genius detective. In fact, the ultimate detective continues to inspire mystery fans, everywhere. However, his creator Sir Arthur Conan Doyle famously had a love-hate relationship with Holmes. In fact, he believed Holmes was preventing him from pursuing other characters in his writing and even killed him (and his mortal enemy, Moriarty) in a story, only to bring Holmes back to meet readers’ demands.....
Topic 1: The Geopolitics of Resistance: Understanding the Regional and Global Implications of Ukraine's Defiance
Introduction:
The ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict has reverberated across the globe, highlighting the complex interplay between geopolitics, nationalism, and international relations. Ukraine's unwavering resistance against Russian aggression has tested the limits of power and diplomacy, with profound consequences for the region and the world. This essay will delve into the geopolitical implications of Ukraine's defiance, examining its impact on regional alliances, global security dynamics, and the future of the post-Cold War order.
Body:
1. Reshaping Regional Alliances:
Ukraine's resistance has strengthened ties between Western nations, solidifying NATO as a united front....
Essay Topics on Adidas: A Comprehensive Analysis
1. The Rise and Evolution of Adidas: A Study in Sports Marketing
Trace the origins and growth of Adidas, examining its key marketing strategies and product innovations.
Analyze the company's target audience, brand positioning, and communication channels.
Discuss the challenges and opportunities Adidas has faced in the competitive sportswear market.
2. Adidas's Social and Environmental Impact: A Critical Assessment
Evaluate Adidas's commitment to social responsibility and sustainability initiatives.
Examine the company's efforts to address issues such as labor rights, environmental protection, and diversity and inclusion.
Discuss the effectiveness of these initiatives and their impact on....
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
Get Started Now