Anxiety Disorder
Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Nearly everyone deals with anxiety at some point in their lives. Anxiety is a natural response to many external stimuli and can actually be beneficial in many ways. However, there is a point in which anxiety can reach a level in which it is no longer a normal experience and can be overwhelming to an individual's life. This is how one individual explained the condition (National Institute of Mental Health, N.d.):

"I always thought I was just a worrier. I'd feel keyed up and unable to relax. At times it would come and go, and at times it would be constant. It could go on for days. I'd worry about what I was going to fix for a dinner party, or what would be a great present for somebody. I just couldn't let something go."

People with GAD cannot seem to get rid of their concerns about problems in…...

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Works Cited

ADAA. (N.d.). Facts & Statistics. Retrieved from Anxiety and Depression Association of America:  http://www.adaa.org/about-adaa/press-room/facts-statistics 

National Institute of Mental Health. (N.d.). Generallized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Retrieved from National Institute of Mental Health:  http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad/index.shtml 

WebMD. (N.d.). Anxiety & Panic Disorders Health Center. Retrieved from WebMD:  http://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/guide/generalized-anxiety-disorder

Anxiety Disorder's Impact On Individuals And Treatment
Anxiety disorder unlike a normal anxiety happens recurrently and tends to interfere with the quality of life of the persons suffering from the anxiety. In addition to the above, it may be an obstacle to the individual success in careers and relationships as well as the quality of life and happiness the individual would have achieved if they did not have the disorder. However, anxiety disorders are more and are now receiving acknowledgment as disabilities and persons with disorders get to enjoy the protection of the law under the Americans with Disabilities Act (Craske, & Waters, 2005). This research is an analysis of the types of anxiety disorders, their treatment and its effect on careers and professional relationships.

Background of research

The main reason for undertaking a psychological research on anxiety disorder is the apparent limit of scholarly research done in this area especially in regards…...

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References

Torpy, J.M., M.D., & Burke, A.E., M.A. (2011). Generalized anxiety disorder. JAMA, 305(5),

Miller, V. (2011). Anxiety disorders. Australian Family Physician, 40(10), 755-755

Boydston, L., Chih-Jui Hsiao,, ., & Varley, C.K. (2012). ANXIETY DISORDERS IN

ADOLESCENTS: ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT. Contemporary Pediatrics,

In Marge's case, we cannot immediately ascertain for certain what biological mechanisms have played a role in her episodic attacks. However, we can deduce that she is vulnerable to the general range of physiological symptoms relating to an anxiety disorder as a result of external triggers which may be socially, domestically or pressure-induced. It is also likely that her increased fear of the recurrence of her anxiety attacks is making her increasingly sensitive to their possibility.

Possible Treatments:

ith respect to treatment, both biological and psychological paths are appropriate. First and foremost, it is appropriate to rule out the possibility that Marge is suffering from a heart condition. In doing due medical diligence, she should receive chest x-rays, blood tests, screening of vitals and stress tests intended to measure her heart health. In addition to elucidating any physiological causes for the symptoms she describes, greater awareness of her heart health may bring…...

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Works Cited:

Dratcu, L. (2000). Panic, Hyperventilation and Perpetuation of Anxiety. Progressive Neuropsychopharmacology Biology and Psychiatry, 24(7), 1069-1089.

Geyer, P. (2001). A Normal Psychology: C.G. Jung's Psychological Types and the MBTI. Petergeyer.com.

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). (2011). Treatment of Anxiety Disorders. NIMH.NIH.gov.

Smith, M.; Robinson, L. & Segal, J. (2012). Anxiety Attacks and Anxiety Disorders. Helpguide.org.

Anxiety disorders is a term used to refer to a group of mental illnesses that cause significant distress, which affects an individual’s ability to continue living normally. However, individuals experiencing substantial anxiety due to various factors in their lives are usually confused whether they are having normal reactions or suffering from an anxiety disorder. There are different kinds of anxiety disorders including specific phobia and adjustment disorder. Anxiety disorder refers to a mental illnesses that generate significant distress and affects an individual’s normal living while adjustment disorder refers to stress-related conditions due to difficulties coping with changes in life circumstances (Mayo Clinic, 2017). For instance, a person could suffer from an adjustment disorder after the loss of a job or death of a loved one. Specific Phobia is an example of anxiety disorders and is characterized by intense fear of a particular situation or object. For instance, a person could diagnosed…...

Anxiety Disorders
Diagnosis of anxiety disorders

Diagnosis

Differential diagnosis

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

Ethical issues in Psychopharamacology

In this paper, we present an elaborate analysis of anxiety disorders involving symptoms, diagnosis as well as the differential diagnosis. The aim of this paper is however to discuss the Psychopharamacological of anxiety disorder with specific discussion of the medication for every case. The ethical considerations on Psychopharamacological are also presented.

Anxiety disorders are noted by Oakley-Browne (1991) as some of the most common as well as disabling disorders which affects both adult and adolescents alike. An Epidemiological Catchment Area (CA) study indicated that about a quarter of individuals will experience disability severe symptoms as well as handicap as a result of anxiety disorders at a certain instance of their lives. The anxiety disorders are generally associated with a significant level of morbidity (Markowitz et al., 1989) as well as an increase level of mortality. This is due to…...

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References

Bassano, GB, Rossi, NB and PINI, S (2002).Psychopharmacology of anxiety disorders. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2002 September; 4(3): 271 -- 285.

Ballenger JC., McDonald S., No/yes R., et al. (1991) The first double-blind, placebocontrolled trial of a partial benzodiazepine agonist abecarnil in generalized anxiety disorder. Psychopharmacoi Bull.1991;27:171 -- 179

Blazer DG., Hughes DC., George LK., Swartz M., Boyar J.(1991) Generalized anxiety disorder. In: Bobus LN, Regier DA, eds. Psychiatric Disorders in America: The Epidemiological Catchment Area Study.New York, NY: Fress Press; 1991:;xx:180 -- 203.

Braun P., Greenberg D., Dasberg H.(1990) Core symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder un-improved by alprazolam treatment. V. Clin Psychiatry. 1990;51:236 -- 238.

Likewise, anxiety and depression represent the most prevalent problems facing young adults attending college, with these two conditions being ranked first and third, respectively, among college students seeking counseling services (Mccarthy, Fouladi, Juncker & Matheny, 2006).
According to Armstrong and her associates (2003), adolescence and young adulthood is a period in life when most people engage in explorative behaviors and test their limits in ways that may contribute to their propensity to develop anxiety disorders. In this regard, Armstrong and her associates note that, "From their late teens to their early twenties, young adults experience dramatic changes across all realms of development. . . . During this stage of development, young adults are more likely to engage in substance abuse, drive while intoxicated, and have unprotected sex" (p. 66). Likewise, D'Amico, Ellickson, Collins, Martino and Klein (2005) report that, "Although the majority of people have reduced their substance use by…...

Twenty three percent of the studied older adults, that were available for follow up, with an anxiety disorder met the criteria for persistent anxiety.

Nearly half of the participants demonstrated subsyndromal anxiety, making up the partial remission group, while 31% were in full remission. Drawing on previous literature regarding the fluctuating nature of anxiety disorder in younger patients, the researchers surmise that too much emphasis should not be placed on the difference between persistent anxiety and those in partial remission. At the 6-year-old follow up, more than two-thirds of the subjects suffered from either partial or persistent anxiety, which the researchers note is an unfavorable outcome.

However, when compared to similar studies performed on younger adults, the results are more encouraging, as full remission rates typically only range from 12 to 38%. The results of the study suggest that the outcome of anxiety disorders are different from those of depression, with rates…...

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References

Ayres, C., Sorrell, J., Thorp, S., & Wetherell, J. (Mar 2007). Evidence-based psychological treatments for late-life anxiety. Psychology & Aging, 22(1). Retrieved October 30, 2007, from Academic Search Premier database.

Holwerda, T., Schoevers, R., Dekker, J., Deeg, D., Jonker, C., Beekman, a. (Mar 2007). The relationship between generalized anxiety disorder, depression and mortality in old age. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 22(3). Retrieved October 30, 2007, from Academic Search Premier database.

Schuurman, J., Comija, H., Beekman, a., de Beurs, E., Deeg, D., Emmelkamp, P., and van Dyak, R. (2005). The outcome of anxiety disorders in older people at 6-year follow-up results from Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. Acto Psychiary, 111. Retrieved October 30, 2007, from PsycARTICLES database.

Summary of "The outcome of anxiety disorders in older people at 6-year follow-up results from Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam"

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
PTSD is a mental disorder that is mostly associated with traumatic events. When a person faces a life-threatening event to them or their loved one, they are likely to suffer from the disorder. PTSD is not a disorder that affects service members only, but it can affect anyone who experiences a traumatizing event like rape, assault, kidnapping, car accident, or torture. These events might occur directly to the person or to someone close to the person suffering from PTSD. The paper will analyze the disorder and provide some diagnosis and treatment methodologies currently in place. Based on research conducted by other scientists, one can see that there is need for further research in order to determine the effects of the various risks and resilience factors.

Introduction

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder a person will develop after been exposed to a traumatizing, horrific, or life-threatening situation…...

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References

Andreasen, N.C. (2011). What is post-traumatic stress disorder? Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 13(3), 240.

Javidi, H., & Yadollahie, M. (2012). Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. International Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, 3(1).

Roberts, C.A. (2003). Coping with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Guide for Families. Jefferson NC: McFarland & Company.

Stanley C. Krippner, & Pitchford, D.B. (2012). Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.

Anxiety Disorders - Panic
Anxiety Disorder -- Panic Attacks

The study of abnormal psychology has, in the past three centuries, developed to become a science that provides understanding to professionals and laymen alike about the nature and dynamics of psychological disorders that extraordinarily affects human behavior. Among the identified psychological disorders in the field of abnormal psychology, it is anxiety disorder that can be said as the most common yet unexplored category. The reason for this is that although anxiety disorders are more frequently experienced, this area has not been thoroughly explored, especially in determining its etiology and forms of effective treatment (Barlow, 2000:2529). It is this "peculiar" nature of the disorder that the paper attempts to uncover through a thorough review of current literature on anxiety disorders, focusing specifically on panic disorder.

The texts that follow will cover the theoretical foundations of anxiety and panic disorders from the psychological standpoint. Further into…...

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References

Barlow, D. (2000). "Cognitive-behavioral therapy, Imipramine, or their combination for panic disorder." Journal of American Medical Association, Vol. 283, No. 19.

Bouton, M. (2001). "A modern learning theory perspective on the etiology of panic disorder." Psychological Review, Vol. 108, No. 1.

Hettema, J., M. Neale, and K. Kendler. (2001). "A review and meta-analysis of the genetic epidemiology of anxiety disorders." American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 158.

Young, A. (2001). "The quality of care for depressive and anxiety disorders in the United States." Arch Gen Psychiatry, Vol. 58.

Separation Anxiety Disorder is an anxiety disorder strongly connected to the idea of attachment relationship. This condition is typically associated with childhood diagnosis, as children are more vulnerable to suffering from it. Even with this, separation anxiety disorder is also likely to occur in adults who are separated from home or from individuals to whom they have a strong emotional attachment. Individuals with separation anxiety disorder are probable to put across unsuitable displays of panic and misery when they have to be separated from a place or from a person that they have a strong connection with. Developmental level and age are essential in determining whether or not a person is suffering, as symptoms might be perfectly normal in the case of young children.
It is perfectly normal for a person (a young child in particular) to experience distress as a consequence of being separated from an attachment figure or location.…...

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Works cited:

Altman, C. Sommer, J.L. McGoey, K.E. Anxiety in Early Childhood: What Do We Know? Journal of Early Childhood and Infant Psychology. Volume: 5. Publication date: Annual 2009. Page number: 157+

Blair Simpson, H., Neria, Y., and Lewis-Fernandez, R. (2010). Anxiety Disorders: Theory, Research and Clinical Perspectives. Cambridge University Press.

Ceyhan, A.A. Investigation of Early Separation Anxiety Symptom Levels in Turkish Young Adults. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal. Volume: 34. Issue: 3 Publication date: March 15, 2006,-Page number: 295+

Dia, D.A.Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy with a Six-Year-old Boy with Separation Anxiety Disorder: A Case Study. Health and Social Work. Volume: 26. Issue: 2 Publication date: May 2001. Page number: 125

This correlation was more pronounced among female subjects. The results showed that of the 134 test subjects, 84.3% had no comorbid condition while the rest (15.7%) had atleast one comorbid condition. These subjects also showed a higher SASI score (p = .053). The subgroup with comorbid condition also showed a history of early onset (p < .01) and poor recovery of global functioning (p < .05) when compared to the non-comorbid group. Female subjects also showed higher SASI score (p < .05). This study clearly shows a positive association between childhood separation anxiety disorder and the onset of co morbid psychological conditions in adult life. Particularly, women with childhood separation anxiety disorder were more prone to develop a continuum of disorders in adult life. [Akira et.al, 2006]
A more recent study by Karlovec et.al (2008) followed 10 Austrian students who had a previous history of separation anxiety and school refusal.…...

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Bibliography

1) Osone, Akira (A); Takahashi, Saburo (S) (Sep, 2006), 'Possible link between childhood separation anxiety and adulthood personality disorder in patients with anxiety disorders in Japan.' The Journal of clinical psychiatry, vol 67 (issue 9): pp 1451-7

2) Karl Karlovec M.D. & Kurosch Yazdi, M.D et.al (2008), ' Separation Anxiety Disorder and School refusal in Childhood: Potential Risk Factor for Developing Distinct Psychiatric Disorders?' J. Clin Psychiatry. vol 10(1): 72 -- 73.

3) Lewinsohn PM & Holm-Denoma JM et.al (May 2008), ' Separation Anxiety Disorder in Childhood as a risk factor for Future mental Illness', J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 47(5):548-55

4) Jeffery J. Wood (Sep 2006), 'Parental Intrusiveness and Children's Separation Anxiety in a Clinical Sample', Journal of Child Psychiatry and Human Development, Vol 37, No 1,

For the delayed-treatment group, significant improvement was shown after they received self-examination therapy. From this study, the LaTorre work and the work of Dia, it is reasonable to conclude that empowerment is conducive to better outcomes in those with generalized anxiety disorder.
Dia (2001) noted that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is now a respected and proven model of psychotherapy, as noted by a t ask force of the American Psychological Association. In its review, the APA found that CBT "was efficacious for depression, generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, obsessive compulsive disorder, substance abuse and dependence, agoraphobia, and panic disorder" (Dia 2001).

Kendall and Flannery-Schroeder (2003) examined the issue of treatment for generalized anxiety disorders in youth. Instead of attempting to determine the efficacy of one treatment or another, they wanted instead to determine whether research models were adequate to the task of determining best treatments. They noted that the methodological and design…...

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References

Anxiety disorders lead mental ills in United States. (1996). Public Health Reports, 111(4), 293+. Retrieved April 18, 2005, from Questia database,  http://www.questia.com .

Bowman, D., Scogin, F., Floyd, M., Patton, E., & Gist, L. (1997). Efficacy of self-examination therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 44(3), 267-273.

Curtis, R.C., Kimball, a., & Stroup, E.L. (2004). Understanding and treating social phobia. Journal of Counseling and Development, 82(1), 3+. Retrieved April 18, 2005, from Questia database,

According to Perwien & Bernstein (2004), the results of the Kendall study indicated that those children who had received the CBT treatments showed a decrease in anxiety related symptoms and an increase in coping abilities. The results held strong during the three-year follow-up period as well.

Another therapeutic approach to Separation Anxiety Disorder in children is ational Emotive Behavior Therapy (EBT). EBT is a highly direct, action-oriented model for assessing problems and effecting change. EBT is an extension of the ET (ational Emotive Therapy) model but seeks to include behavior into the equation. The inclusion of the behavioral component is a critical and essential step in helping to redirect irrational thinking to a reasonable perspective. This transition is designed not only to effect thought patterns but behaviors as well. As is stated by its originator, Albert Ellis, "unlike many counseling methods, EBT is both postmodern and active-directive" (Ellis, 2000, p. 97).

EBT…...

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References

Cooper, M.G. & Lesser, J.G. (2008) Clinical social work practice, Pearson Education

Ellis, A. (2000) A continuation of the dialogue on issues in counseling in the postmodern era, Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 22 (1), 97-105

First, M.B., Frances, A. & Pincus, H.A. (2004) DSM-IV-TR guidebook, American Psychiatric Publications

Perwien, A.R. & Bernstein, G.A. (2004), "Clinical manifestations of separation anxiety disorder," In Ollendick, T.H. And March J.S. Phobic and Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents: A Clinician's Guide to Effective Psychosocial and Pharmacological Interventions. New York: Oxford University Press. Pp 272-305.

Pediatric Speech and Generalized Anxiety Disorders
ecent Advances in Pediatric Speech Disorders and Anxiety

Pediatric Speech Disorders

Children suffering from childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) have problems controlling the muscular movements required to produce speech (Worthey et al., 2013). The underlying muscles and neurons are normal, so that involuntary movements of the same muscles are unaffected; therefore, only intentional speech is affected. The defect lies in the conversion of cognitive linguistic information into the correct pattern of muscular control. The age of onset is between gestation and nine years of age and the causes include comorbidity with other neurological disorders or brain trauma. Adults can also develop speech apraxia, typically incident to stroke or progressive neurological disease.

CAS and other verbal disorders tend to run in families, thereby implicating a genetic contribution to the disease (Worthey et al., 2013). A few candidate genes have been studied, such as FOXP2, FOXP1, and CNTNAP2, but not…...

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References

Breinholst, S., Esbjorn, B.H., Reinholdt-Dunne, M.L., & Stallard, P. (2012). CBT for the treatment of child anxiety disorders: A review of why parental involvement has not enhanced outcomes. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26, 416-424.

Silk, J.S., Sheeber, L., Tan, P.Z., Ladouceur, C.D., Forbes, E.E., McMakin, D.L. et al. (2013). "You can do it!": The role of parental encouragement of bravery in child anxiety treatment. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 27, 439-446.

Worthey, E.A., Raca, G., Laffin, J.J., Wilk, B.M., Harris, J.M., Jakielski, K.J. et al. (2013). Whole-exome sequencing supports genetic heterogeneity in childhood apraxia of speech. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 5(1), 1-16. Doi: 10.1186/1866-1955-5-29.

Integrative Approach to Psychotherapy
Social Anxiety Disorder

Case Example

The film Elling presents a story of Elling, the seventh in a family of nine musically-talented children, who is only six when his and his brothers' musical talents are discovered by a visiting tycoon who then offers to sponsor the family troupe on a merry-go-round of public performances. During one of his first performances, Elling runs off-stage, afraid of the flashing lights and the audience applause. In another instance, he is asked to perform an Ella Fitzgerald song, but is unable to, and cries the entire night after his younger brother beats him to the prize. The fear of performing grows strong, and Elling continues to be paralyzed by the same while onstage; at times recalling nothing about his performance, other than the curtains being drawn. This fear perforates into other areas of his life and he soon finds himself shunning social places for…...

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References

Hedman, E., Strom, P., Stunkel, A. & Mortberg, E. (2013). Shame and Guilt in Social Anxiety Disorder: Effects of Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Association with Social Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms. PLOS ONE, 8(4): e61713. Retrieved 15 July 2014 from http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0061713&representation=PDF

Schneier, F.R. (2013). Social Anxiety Disorder. The New England Journal of Medicine, 355 (10), 1029-1036.

Wakschlag, L.S., Briggs-Gowan, M.J., Choi, S.W., Nichols, S.R., Kestler, J., Burns, J.L., Carter, A.S. & Henry, D. (2013). Advancing a Multidimensional, Developmental Spectrum Approach to Preschool Disruptive Behavior. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 53(1), 82-96.

Anxiety is a normal feeling that can be present in a variety of people.  However, when a person feels excessive anxiety, which is characterized as anxiety that is either without a cause or is disproportionate to any stimuli, then the anxiety may go beyond a normal reaction and be part of an anxiety disorder.  When you are writing a speech about anxiety, it is important to differentiate between that anxiety that is a normal part of everyday life or even a normal reaction to unusual stressors and anxiety that 

Outline for Speech on Anxiety Example

I. Introduction

Psychotherapy, sometimes referred to as talk therapy, describes a wide variety of counseling methods that center on a person seeking resolution by discussing their problems with some type of mental health professional.  It is an interesting type of mental health intervention because it is helpful to a wide range of people and is used by people with and without mental disorders.  This differentiates it from some types of mental health interventions, which are specifically targeted to those experiencing a mental illness.

One of the main benefits of psychotherapy is that it helps people....

Thesis statement: The Little Albert Experiment conducted by John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner in 1920 showcased the significant similarities and differences between classical conditioning and operant conditioning, illustrating the importance of environmental factors in shaping human behavior.

Some potential subtopics to explore in your thesis could include the ethical considerations of the Little Albert Experiment, the lasting impact it had on the field of psychology, and the implications it has for understanding the development of phobias and anxiety disorders in individuals. By delving into these subtopics, you can provide a comprehensive analysis of the experiment and its broader implications for the....

I. Introduction
A. Explanation of mindfulness therapy
B. Definition of anxiety
C. Thesis statement: Mindfulness therapy is an effective tool for reducing anxiety symptoms

II. The prevalence of anxiety disorders
A. Statistics on anxiety disorders
B. Impact of anxiety on mental health and well-being

III. Benefits of mindfulness therapy
A. Focus on the present moment
B. Cultivation of self-awareness
C. Reduction of stress and anxiety symptoms
D. Improved emotional regulation

IV. Evidence supporting the use of mindfulness therapy for anxiety
A. Research studies supporting its effectiveness
B. Testimonials from individuals who have benefited from mindfulness therapy
C. Comparison with traditional therapy....