Andrew Jackson was the seventh president of the United States and a controversial historical figure. He owned slaves, as did many American men in his time, and he helped banish the Native Americans from their homelands. In some ways, these actions make Andrew Jackson truly one of the forefathers of the United States, a country that cannot escape some of the horrors of its history. However, Andrew Jackson also managed to make his mark as a true hero. He overcame great hardship in his life, fought bravely, and contributed to American politics with passion. James C. Curtis describes the ups and downs of Andrew Jackson's life in his book: Andrew Jackson and the Search for Vindication. The title of the biography reflects the fact that Andrew Jackson felt persecuted throughout much of his life and often felt he had to fight back hard to earn respect and trust. The most…...
mlaWorks Cited
Curtis, James. Andrew Jackson and the Search for Vindication. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1976.
Andrew Jackson's Presidency: A View to Defining the Good and ad
Andrew Jackson is lauded by many as one of the greatest generals and presidents in United States history, and is vilified as one of the most damaging of all time. The fact is that he had some incredible successes in his career that were accompanied by dramatic failures, at least in the minds of some. Jackson himself had so much self-confidence that he would never have acknowledged failure in any endeavor. During his time as a commanding general in the United States military he had the success of the attle of New Orleans and the critical failure of the Florida campaign. During his presidency he had the historical failures of the "trail of tears" and cronyism, and the successes of the federal banking decision and the solidification of the two party system. Although he was a popular president among the…...
mlaBibliography
Binder, Frederick Moore. "James Buchanan: Jacksonian Expansionist." The Historian 55 (1992): 69-85.
Brown, David. "Jeffersonian Ideology and the Second Party System." The Historian 62 (1999): 17-31.
Ho, James. C. "Misunderstood precedent: Andrew Jackson and the real case against censure." Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy 24 (2000): 283-306.
Magliocca, Gerard M. (2003). "The Cherokee removal and the fourteenth amendment." Duke Law Journal 53, no.3 (2003): 875-895.
Andrew Jackson
The humble and modest imagery which accompanies Andrew Jackson at his inauguration is an image consistent with his reputation as a defender of individual rights and as a man of the people- one no different from everyday lay persons. Many of Andrew Jackson's decisions in office, however, challenge this image and reputation. There is a degree of tension between his conduct and the ideals and values attributed to him-some of which he espoused. Brinkley suggests throughout that the symbolism was as important if not more important than the actual events. Andrew Jackson's professed beliefs about the need to limit the degree of government interference, preserve the rights of states, and limit terms in office need to be reconciled, if possible, with many of the decisions he made while in office. Events such as nullification, his use of the spoil system, his removal of the Indians, and his veto of…...
mlaReferences
Brands, H.W. (2005). Andrew jackson: His life and times. (pp. 3-560). New York: Double Day.
Burstein, A. (2003). The passions of Andrew Jackson. (pp.240). New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Cave, A.A. (2003). Abuse of power: Andrew Jackson and the Indian Removal Act of 1830. Historian, 65(6), pp. 1330-1353.
Meacham, J. (2010). Jackson Stares Down South Carolina. American Heritage, 59(4), pp. 44-46.
.. The philanthropist will rejoice that the remnant of that ill-fated race has at length been placed beyond the reach of injury or oppression.
Jackson was also moved by his early years as a frontier layer, traveling from court to court as an attorney or anything really was fraught with danger and many sleepless nights holding a vigil for one's safety from Indians.
hat he specifically did with this information and this dogmatic belief system was legislate and arm himself for the sole purpose of removing the Indians from land the white man wanted.
According to several experts on Jackson's life the whole of his life was spent dealing with the Indian question. He sought through actions and legislation to free the land from Indian rights to it. So that the white man could progress according to the long held plan of civilization. He came to terms with any desire to educate and…...
mlaWorks Cited
Andrew Jackson Biography" www.whitehouse.govnd.
Buchanan, John. Jackson's Way: Andrew Jackson and the People of the Western Waters. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2001.
Dusenbery B. M, Monument to the memory of General Andrew Jackson: Containing twenty-five eulogies and sermons delivered on occasion of his death: to which is added an... whole preceded by a short sketch of his life (New York: James a. Bill, 1846)http://www.amazon.com/Monument-memory-General-Andrew-Jackson/dp/B0008CT4TI/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1207696220&sr=8-1 "
Indian Wars Timetable" www.u-s-history.comnd.
Similarly, Jackson likewise took actions against people and land as he did with money and commerce.
Indian emoval, Land Sale, and the Opening of the West
In a strange irony, much of the opening of the Western United States to white settlers came as a result of some rather questionable tactics on the part of Andrew Jackson. egardless of the motives, Jackson, it should be noted, supported and coordinated the forced removal of indians from their tribal lands, and court appeals by the indians often fell on the deaf ears of Jackson loyalists and appointees; these lands were then sold by the U.S. government to the highest bidder or offered in land grants in an effort to "open the West" to settlers and developers (Meserve, 1986). Even for the sake of economic development, these tactics on the part of Jackson are irresponsible at best. Presently, indian nations are still fighting for…...
mlaReferences
Meserve, W.J. (1986). Heralds of Promise: The Drama of the American People during the Age of Jackson, 1829-1849. New York: Greenwood Press.
Ryan, M.P. (1996). Narratives of Democracy, or Shistory Without Subjects. American Literary History, 8(2), 311-327.
Sharp, J.R. (1970). The Jacksonians vs. The Banks: Politics in the States after the Panic of 1837. New York: Columbia University Press.
Silbey, J.H. (1973). Political Ideology and Voting Behavior in the Age of Jackson. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Andrew Jackson [...] how the exaltation of the common man, the sense of America as a redeemer nation destined for expansion across the North American continent, and white Americans' racial attitudes toward Native Americans east of the Mississippi iver combined to produce a federal policy of Indian removal. Jackson was a popular president who helped perpetuate prejudice and racial inequality with his practices regarding the Native Americans. His Indian emoval Act of 1830 was one of the darkest legislations in American history, and it created lasting animosity between Native Americans and white settlers.
Many Americans viewed Andrew Jackson as a "common man" who had risen through the ranks in the Army, won fame during the epic Battle of New Orleans in 1815, and attained success as a merchant and farmer. One man said of him when he died, "Born a simple citizen, of poor but respectable parents, he became great…...
mlaReferences
Ward, John William. Andrew Jackson, Symbol for an Age. London: Oxford University Press, 1962.
Andrew Jackson's war Second ank United States. e include key people, events,
Andrew Jackson's conflict with the Second ank of the United States represented a crucial time period in American history. In order to best elucidate the cause of the conflict, its repercussions, and the key players involved in it, it is necessary to return to the root of the reason that Jackson opposed such a financial institution. The bank essentially represented a misnomer, as it was in fact privately owned by wealthy businessmen -- many of whose lineages and ties led back to Europe. In fact, the U.S. government only owned approximately a fifth of the shares in this bank. (Faragher et al., 2009, p. 282). Therefore, Jackson was extremely hesitant about the degree of power and relative autonomy that he would deliver to private investors were the charter for the bank sanctioned by him.
Another important reason that influenced…...
mlaBiddle's efforts were highly political in nature. 1932 was an election year, and one of his supporters for the charter of the bank, Clay, would be running against Jackson. However, Jackson is unique among U.S. presidents for the sheer amount of times he used the presidential power to veto measures. Somewhat predictably, he vetoed the charter for the Bank of the United States, and rode the momentum from this political maneuver during the election of that year. Billing himself as a state's rights advocate and hero of the common man, Jackson presented himself of the polar opposite of Clay who championed private investors, big business, and the privileged few. It is highly revealing that Jackson gave Clay a drubbing via the electoral votes in which he won by a landslide, 219 to 49.
After winning the election and stymying the efforts to renew the Bank of the United States, Jackson went a step further by presenting a high amount of federal government funding into states banks. The message was clear: Jackson would remain a proponent of states' rights and continue to support the common man, regardless of education, privilege, or wealth.
Jackson's political maneuvering would have a lasting effect on business relations within the U.S. By choosing to allow individual states the right to dictate economic trends and by absolving the federal government from the responsibility of doing so, Jackson actually begat the period of laissez faire economics (and politics) that would eventually lead to future conflict between presidents and big business conglomerations, trust-busting, and the Progressive Party. In the meantime, however, the federal integrity of the U.S. was safe from the machinations of international bankers.
" Somehow, the Committee is incensed that their position has been misrepresented to the American people and they can not understand how a portion of the white population can disagree with the providential wisdom of driving the Native Americans even further west than they already have been driven. When the Cherokees exercise the same common sense and claim the same rights of whites on their own territory, this is seen as radical and out of order. To further quote the Committee's work, they remark that "No respectable jurist has ever gravely contended, that the right of the Indians to hold their reserved lands, could be supported in the courts of the country, upon any other ground than the grant or permission of the sovereignty or State in which such lands lie (Erbach, "The Cherokee Removal Group C. Readings")." In other words, like slavery, oppression of the Native Americans is acceptable…...
mlaBibliography
"Andrew Jackson and Indian Removal." (accessed 31 March 2011).http://www.teachushistory.org/indian-removal/approaches/andrew-jackson-indian-removal
Erbach, Jennifer. "The Cherokee Removal Group a Readings."
2002. (accessed 30 March 2011).http://lincoln.lib.niu.edu/teachers/lesson5-groupa.html
Erbach, Jennifer. "The Cherokee Removal Group B. Readings."
uh.edu). He also made the electing process more democratic by having conventions where he had representatives from every state nominate a presidential candidate to represent their individual parties. This would provide a more accurate representation of who the people themselves saw as President.
Jackson also had great influence on the economic situation of that era. In order for Americans to start to buy more American goods, Jackson wanted to pass a tariff on all English goods. Although this meant that America would get more of their things sold and purchased, it also meant that Americans had to pay more for necessary goods that came from abroad (McGraw-Hill, p.338). This angered the South who owned property and were most affected by the rise in these tariffs. This was the beginning of the Nullification Act. This act was made as a compromise to steadily reduce the tariff placed throughout the years, but also…...
mlaReferences:
McGraw Hill. The American Republic to 1877: Unit 5: The Growing Nation:
Chapter 11: The Jackson Era. The McGraw Hill Companies and Glencove.
2004, 2nd edition. Print.
"Learn about the Jacksonian Era." Digital History. n.d. n.p. 27 May 11
1820-1850 is seen as a period of major change in American History. We often call this period the Age of ackson, since Adrew ackson had a profound influence on this entire period. Describe what ackson stood for and what his policies on the spoils system, nullification, The Bank of the U.S., Indian Removal, land sale, and the opening of the West. Also discuss the great strides in transportation in this era. Then I want you to give an assessment as to whether you feel that the changes were due to the actions of ackson or would they have occurred at this time regardless of who sat in the White House? Be very specific.
The Age of ackson
Andrew ackson's election for U.S. presidency in 1828 made it possible for the masses to acknowledge that change was going to happen. In addition to the fact that the new president had innovative ideas,…...
mlaJackson was determined to remove Indians from territories in the vicinity of American states and he believed that by moving them to the West he would make it possible for Americans to settle further to the West on territories previously belonging to Native Americans. His actions have had terrible consequences on Indian populations as they were forced to travel westward to territories that they nothing to do with and as they were poorly equipped to travel great distances. "Between 1830 and 1838, virtually all the "Five Civilized Tribes" were expelled from the southern states and forced to relocate in the new Indian Territory, which Congress had officially created by the Indian Intercourse Act of 1834" (245).
Jackson was actively involved in cancelling the Second Bank of the United States' federal charter for a series of reasons mainly related to how particular individuals were provided with the opportunity to exploit both the government and the nation's finances. Given that Jackson intended to provide all people with equal powers to experience progress, he acknowledged that the federal charter was actually meant to assist wealthy individuals in becoming richer. His involvement was practically meant to assist western and southern states in having the opportunity to progress similar to how northern states were progressing. The seventh president was reluctant to allow the country's rich families to continue to exploit the masses without providing them with the privileges that underprivileged individuals were entitled to.
It is difficult to determine the exact role that Jackson played in the change happening throughout the U.S. In the 1928-1960 time periods. The fact that the first phase of the industrial revolution happened concomitantly to the Age of Jackson makes it possible for individuals to understand that Americans had been particularly successful as a result of these two occurrences, considering that the industrial revolution enabled them to industrialize their businesses and that Jackson introduced thinking that would no longer allow influential actors to intervene and prevent the masses from progressing.
John Ross and JacksonThe two lettersone from Chief John Ross to the US governmentthe other from President Andrew Jackson to the Cherokeeshow two sides of a terrible battle in the 19th century. On the one hand is the plight of the Cherokee, who see themselves being forced off their land in the South to go to the West. On the other hand is the argument of Jackson that the Cherokee have not bought the land and have no means of securing it for themselves, that the US has set aside funds for them and promised schools for them in the Westand so they must go. Chief John Rosss letter shows how the Cherokee just wanted to have the same kind of liberty that the Americans promoted in their Declaration.[footnoteRef:2] Jacksons letter shows how there is no thought of liberty for the Cherokee but rather an intense desire to move them…...
mlaBibliographyAndrew Jackson Letter to the Cherokee.“Our Hearts are Sickened”: Letter from Chief John Ross of the Cherokee, Georgia, 1836.
As is often the case, these good times could not last forever. Just like our modern day governmental debt being financed by foreign investment, Andrew Jackson and the nation faced reality when in 1837 foreign investors came to banks to collect. The speculative bubble of 1837 burst in what historians accurately termed the Panic of 1837. English and other European bankers called in the many outstanding loans the states had out as well as many private investors. Paying back these loans instantly crushed the nation's gold supplies which created a ripple affect where many local and state banks could not pay their debts, investors or the governmental reserves. These events lead to many forced bank failures and a national recession ensued.
The Missouri Compromise
In hindsight, we as a nation know now that the southern states who were in favor of slavery were prepared to defend their right to own slaves by…...
mlaWorks Cited
Brulatour, Meg. Transcendental Ideas: Reform: Social and Political Changes in the Time of Emerson and Thoreau: The 19th Century at a Glance. Ed. Meg Brulatour. VCU. Retrieved on 21 Nov. 2004, from http://www.vcu.edu/engweb/transcendentalism/ideas/reformback.html .
Lorence, James J. Enduring Voices: To 1877 the Enduring Voices, a History of the American People. 4th ed., vol. 1. ADD CITY: Houghton Mifflin Company, ADD YEAR.
Pessen, Edward. The Many-Faceted Jacksonian Era: New Interpretations. Westport, CT: Greenwood P, 1977.
Welter, Rush. The Mind of America, 1820-1860. New York: Columbia UP, 1975.
American president as a king would have been one of the greatest insults in the early 19th century, merely decades after the United States won its independence from the British crown. Andrew Jackson's policies and leadership style both reminded the American public of monarchic rule. Here, Jackson is depicted as a loathsome king who tramples on the American constitution and wants to veto any legislation Congress tries to pass. The veto power refers to Jackson's vetoing of several congressional bills including those related to the creation of federal banking systems. At the top of the cartoon, the words "Born to Command" underscore the comparison with Jackson and a dictatorial ruler. Interestingly, Jackson touted himself as being the "man of the people," not "King Andrew." One reason why Jackson did engage his veto power as often as he did was that he viewed his role as being to protect the…...
mlaReferences
"Andrew Jackson, (n.d.). Retrieved online: http://americanhistory.si.edu/presidency/timeline/pres_era/3_668.html
"King Andrew." [Political Cartoon]. Available online: http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/treasures_of_congress/Images/page_9/30a.html
Thompson, et al. (n.d.). An overview of healthcare management. Retrieved online: http://samples.jbpub.com/9780763790868/90868_CH01_FINAL_WithoutCropMark.pdf
demise of traditional hierarchical distinctions in the fifty years after the American evolution. It is easy to see how America changed from a hierarchical society to an egalitarian world that supported social equality. America was setting the stage for the world with her new democracy, and she wanted to be a role model in modernization and equality.
When the first colonists stepped on the shores of Virginia and Massachusetts, they were looking for a better way of life that allowed them religious freedom and the ability to earn their living by their own hands. They had left England to escape religious persecution, but also to create viable townships that could create a profit for themselves and the people who funded them back in Europe. Thus, they carried heavy burdens -- they had to create towns from scratch, make a living, and create a profit so they could survive and thrive.…...
mlaReferences
Ward, John William. Andrew Jackson, Symbol for an Age. London: Oxford University Press, 1962.
The FDIC is one of oosevelt's most notable legacies. However, New deal economics have largely fallen by the wayside. The neo-liberal market economy that prevailed in the latter decades of the 20th century counteracts the inherent socialism of the New Deal.
A series of public works programs like the Civil Works Administration (CWA), the Public Works Association (PWA), the Works Progress Administration (WPA), and the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) helped stimulate the American economy in the wake of the Depression. Public works projects resulted in improved transportation infrastructures, which would become increasingly important during the age of the automobile.
The New Deal also resulted in improved labor laws under the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 and therefore offered tacit support for labor unions. One of the most lasting legacies of the New Deal was the Social Security Act, encouraging investments in pensions which would also stimulate the economy. Although Social…...
mlaReferences
Andrew Jackson." State Library of North Carolina. Retrieved Dec 4, 2006 at http://statelibrary.dcr.state.nc.us/nc/bio/public/jackson.htm
Andrew Jackson." The White House. Retrieved Nov 4, 2006 at http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/aj7.html
Dred Scott case: the Supreme Court decision." PBS. Retrieved Dec 4, 2006 at http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4h2933.html
Jacksonian Democracy." Fact Monster. Retrieved Dec 4, 2006 at http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/people/A0858962.html
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