Another notable development and contribution of ancient from Greek is the Olympics. The event was begun in Greek as an entertainment session but later evolved into an international event. Additional invention of Greek is the architecture. The Greek were immensely talented in art and, therefore, the exemplary architectural inventions and developments in the modern world today. They all can trace the history of the building system in this ancient region.
It is evident that any society or individual has to have a beginning in history. These ancient periods marked the beginning of many developments. The ancient and the medieval periods have created historical developments that are worth noting. All the associated forces, which are Mesopotamia, Persia, Greek and oman Empire, played a significant and worthy noting the role in the development of the modern society. The society, whose civilization has spread athwart the world and not just in Europe, originated…...

mla

References

Christide-s, Anastasios-Phoibos. A History of Ancient Greek: From the Beginnings to Late Antiquity. Cambridge [u.a.]: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007.

Eng, Susanna. "World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras." The Booklist 101, no. 16 (Apr 15, 2005): 1486-,  http://search.proquest.com/docview/235498795?accountid=35812 .

Freeman, Charles. Egypt, Greece, and Rome: Civilizations of the Ancient Mediterranean. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.

Harper, Naomi. "World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras - Database." Media and Methods 41, no. 6 (2005): 32-,  http://search.proquest.com/docview/196390314?accountid=35812 .

The nation-state that grew around the trade zones, like ancient Egypt, served to establish boundaries between trade zones, trading populations, and defined their zones by the locations of trading goods (16).
A for the territory of a city-state. Early Etruria (fig. 5) offers another instance of an arguably "pristine" civilization, which emerged into history as a hegemony of 12 city-states. The mean distance between neighbors (with common terrestrial boundaries) is 56 km. Egypt, of course, is something of an exception to this schema, since the Nile imposes a linear arrangement, and little is known of the settlement pattern or administrative organization before the unification at the outset of the Old Kingdom. The discussion here, furthermore, is restricted to sedentary agricultural societies; more mobile units are discussed later (16)."

The trade routes became integral elements of early civilization building and survival. Egypt and China did most of their trade as port site,…...

mla

Works Cited

 http://www.questiaschool.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=114073326 

Aitken, Ellen Bradshaw and Jennifer K. Berenson Maclean, eds. 2004. Philostratus's Heroikos: Religion and Cultural Identity in the Third Century C.E.. Boston: Brill. Book online. Available from Questia,   Accessed 3 April 2009.http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=114073326.Internet .

H arle, Vilho. 1998. Ideas of Social Order in the Ancient World. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Book online. Available from Questia,   Accessed 3 April 2009.  http://www.questiaschool.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=61876787 http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=27986464.Internet .

Lamberg-Karlovsky, C.C., and Jeremy a. Sabloff. 1974. The Rise and Fall of Civilizations: Modern Archaeological Approaches to Ancient Cultures. Menlo Park, CA: Cummings Publishing. Book online. Available from Questia,  

Agriculture was also an important part of ancient Chinese civilization. China contains one of the longest recorded habitations of the same land by the same indigenous group of people known in history. It is difficult to tell when their civilization began, as early evidence of grain agriculture extends back as far as 10,000 years. The earliest records of the civilization show that monarchs were also religious heads here, but that they retained even more power over a more complex court than other contemporary civilizations. Due to the widespread nature of the ancient Chinese civilization, trade with other peoples was not as necessary or as prevalent.

Instead, the economy depended more on court and military spending and trade between Chinese cities. The civilization never really fell, though dynasties often changed.

The Andean civilization in South America grew out of agriculture like all other civilizations, but in a very different way. The different ecosystems…...

civilizations we have studied thus far in this course, which do you believe has contributed the most to our present society and why? You must state you case by giving specific examples based on reading and research.
Each civilization of the world has grown and evolved on the contributions made by civilization preceding their own. It is beyond contesting that Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations (3000-12000 .C.E.) laid the foundation of Greek society that is known to historians as one having most contribution in shaping present day world. Not taking away the jewels and contributions of Mesopotamia and Egyptian civilization, it can be stated that Greek civilization contributed the most in developing major disciplines of trade, gender, politics, philosophy, law, and religion. The Greeks put the earlier developed knowledge into a system and delved into an inquiry regarding each conceivable discipline. From ethics, morality, and sciences to the contribution in democracy…...

mla

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Adams, Collins, and Ray Laurance.Travel and geography in the Roman Empire. London: Routledge, 2012.

Cartledge, Paul. Ancient Greece: A Very Short Introduction . Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.

Dalling, Robert .The Story of Us Humans, From Atoms to Today's Civilization. NE: iUniverse, 2006.

Ehrenberg, Victor. From Solon to Socrates: Greek History and Civilization during the 6th and 5th Centuries BC. Oxon: Taylor and Francis, 2010.

Slavery was not called by this name in particular, but the practices were similar. The conquest of the oman Province Dacia in the early years of the first century a.d. enables a clear view on the way in which war prisoners were treated and how this mentality was passed from one generation to the next. In this sense, by the 10th century, in the eastern region of Europe, slaves were in fact poor peasants which had no income or means to support their families and were thus forced by circumstances to work for the master of the domain (Phillips, 1985). Therefore, the practices had changed from enslaving war prisoners to enslaving free men. This in turn enabled the society to transform and to increase the gaps between the levels of the society. Thus, it can be said that the feudal system is based on the initial slavery acts performed…...

mla

References

Berstein, Serge, and Milza. Pierre. Histoire de l'Europe. Paris: Hatier, 1994

Blake, William O. The history of slavery and the slave trade, ancient and modern. Columbus: J&H Miller, 1861

Braunstein, Florence, and Pepin, Jean Francois. Les Grandes Doctrines. Paris: Ellipses, 1998.

Jenkins, P. . A history of the United States. New York: Palgrave, 1997.

The Mayans, the Itzcouatl, Tepanecas, the Aztecs of Tenochtitlan were warring civilizations, intolerable of encroachment (Spinden, p. 209). The latter three groups formed defensive alliances, and divided their spoils of war (Spinden, p. 209).
Spanish historians often liken Tenochtitlan to the seat of an empire and speak of the ruler as one who had the power of an absolute monarch while other and more recent writers have declared that the tribal organization of the Aztecs was essentially democratic. The truth doubtless lies between these extremes. The people were warlike by nature and all men, except a few of the priesthood, were soldiers. Honors depended largely upon success in war and warriors were arranged in ranks according to their deeds. The common warriors formed one rank and next came those who had distinguished themselves by definite achievements which gave the right to wear certain articles of dress or to bear certain…...

mla

Works Cited

 http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=35516993 

Freeman, Charles. Egypt, Greece, and Rome: Civilizations of the Ancient Mediterranean. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. Book online. Available from Questia,

"
4. Social and Political Life

There is a general paucity of information about the actual societal and political structure of the Olmec. While there is not much evidence to build a comprehensive picture of the daily and social life of these people, there is enough available data from certain archeological sites to provide some reasonable speculations.

One of the assumptions that is derived from the excavation of sites at San Lorenzo and then at La Venta is that the society was very centralized. This in turn has led to the view that the society was highly structured, with a hierarchical basis of order and class stratification. This also implies the existence of a ruling elite and a system of power and control, which was possibly based on religious beliefs. This view of the structure of the society is summarized as follows: "Olmec society was & #8230;highly centralized, with a strongly hierarchical structure…...

mla

Bibliography

Griffin Gillett G., the Olmec World: Ritual and Rulership,

/ (accessed 8 November, 2010).http://www.tribalarts.com/feature/olmec

Jones, David M. Mythology of the Aztecs and Maya, New York: Lorenz, 2007.

Lemonick M.D., Mystery of the Olmec,( Time Magazine, July 1, 1996, Volume 148, No.

Economics in Ancient Civilization
It is said that "Rome was not built in a day." Indeed, the Roman Empire was the last of a series of civilizations to emerge in the Mediterranean by the First Millennium, B.C. Precursors to the culture most identified as the seat of estern political economy, the Ancient Egyptians, Etruscans, Greeks, Syrians, Carthaginians and Phoenicians all had contact with the Romans, and eventually were incorporated through territorial expansion of the Empire in Asia Minor, Cyrenaica, Europe, and North Africa. Prior to the Roman period, Europe was primarily occupied by Barbarian tribes; societies where no written language, legal system or alternative mechanism of governance was in place. hen we discuss the advancement of Ancient civilizations, then, it is through the transmission of law, literacy and polity that we find source to retrospect on early economic forms. In Feinman and Nicholas (2004), Perspectives on Political Economies, the difficulties of…...

mla

Works Cited

Buck-Norss, S. The Dialectics of Seeing: Walter Benjamin and the Arcades Project. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1991.

Benjamin, W.(1927). Das Passagen Werken. Notebooks.

Bitros, George C., and Anastassios D. Karayiannis. "Morality, institutions and the wealth of nations: Some lessons from ancient Greece." European Journal of Political Economy 26.1 (2010): 68-81.

Boyazoglu, J., I. Hatziminaoglou, and P. Morand-Fehr. "The role of the goat in society: Past, present and perspectives for the future." Small Ruminant Research 60.1/2 (2005): 13-23.

Greek and Roman civilizations were not primitive. Their life style was organized and constructed in an structured pattern of rules that set the base for what we know today as modern existence.
Life was seen differently in Greece than in Rome. In the Greek conception, humans and gods were almost equal characters and they portrayed both parts in the same dimension. Humans were given divine attributes, while gods were represented as humans. This was a form of magic suggestion to compare humans with gods and create the feeling of power and balance that characterized life in the Classic Period. It was this conviction of their similitude to the divine entities that gave society the strength and balance to grow and flourish for many centuries, recreating a feeling of prosperity and harmony. The godly world they reflected in their mythology and poetry was as full of conflict as the human world,…...

mla

Bibliography

Burckhardt, J. (2002). History of Greek Culture. New York: Dover publications.

Hingley, R. (2005). Globalizing Roman Culture: Unity, Diversity and Empire. London: Routledge

Hurwit, JM. (1987). The Art and Culture of Early Greece, 1100-480 B.C. New York: Cornell University press.

Burckhardt, J. (2002). History of Greek Culture. New York: Dover publications

The roads connected two hierarchical clusters of towns and villages, each with a ceremonial center and satellite towns, precisely oriented in terms of the center. According to the author, it is likely that the towns held 1,000 or even more citizens. In total, Heckenberger notes that the total regional population could have been some 30,000 to 50,000 inhabitants. However, the number is difficult to determine accurately, as a large part of the region is still to be studied.
In his article, Charles C. Mann addresses the find of "geoglyphs" in Acre, Brazil during the 1970s. This find was the first to lead to an acknowledgement of more than small civilizations in the ancient Amazon (Man 1148). Although the purpose of the geoglyphs is unclear, they do suggest a sophisticated civilization as recently as 1250 C.E., according to carbon dating. Indeed, researchers suggest that indigenous people lived in the region in…...

mla

References

Heckenberger, Michael J. Lost Cities of the Amazon: The Amazon tropical forest is not as wild as it looks. The Scientific American, Oct. 2009.

Mann, Charles C. Ancient Earthmovers of the Amazon. Science, Vo 321. 29 Aug. 2008.

Ancient Greek urban planning dates its glory to Pericles. Temple architecture sourced in a precedent civilization, the Minoan of Crete, is actually reflective of palace architecture from that society's maritime city-state, Knossos (de la Croix, H. And Tansey).
The Greek civis was largely informed by astronomy; influencing everything from temple design to the order of the public City-State. 'Archaeoastronomical' patterns beginning with the Geometric through the final Hellenistic period in Greece reveal sophistication in calculation synonymous to solar alignment. This perspective fits with what is known about the star gazing cult practices found in the archaeological record (Belmonte). Sacred objects further this theory, and there remain a significant number of votive statuary stored at temple sites. Votive offerings were left by devotees of that particular cult, including weapons, helmets, and even statues. The interior of the temple, known as the cella, was often decorated with columns and most used for…...

mla

Works Cited

Belmonte, Juan Antonio. From the Atlas to the Caucasus: The Other Side of the Mediterranean Before Islam. Archaeoastronomy 15.(2000): 78.

de la Croix, H. And Tansey, R.G. Gardner's: Art Through the Ages. New York, NY: Harcourt and Brace, 1980.

Dimock, Wai Chee. The Egyptian Pronoun: Lyric, Novel, the Book of the Dead. New Literary History 39.3 (2008): 619-643.

Maddison, Angus. The Contours of World Development. The World Economy, OECD, 2010.. Web.

Essay Topic Examples 1. The olitical Structure of Ancient Chinese Dynasties:
    This essay topic explores the intricacies of the political systems that were established during ancient China's dynastic periods. It analyzes the evolution of governance from the Shang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, focusing on the concepts of imperial authority, bureaucracy, the Mandate of Heaven, and civil service examinations.

2. hilosophies and Religions of Ancient China:
    This essay investigates the influence of Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism on ancient Chinese society. It examines how these belief systems shaped social norms, political ideologies, and cultural practices, as well as their lasting impact on contemporary China.

3. Innovations and Inventions of Ancient China:
    This essay delves into the groundbreaking contributions of ancient Chinese inventors and scientists. It discusses inventions such as the compass, gunpowder, papermaking, and printing technology, revealing how these innovations have shaped global development.

4. Art and Architecture in Ancient China:
    The essay explores the…...

mla

Primary Sources

\"The I Ching or Book of Changes.\" Translated by Richard Wilhelm, Princeton University Press, 1967.

\"Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji).\" By Sima Qian, Translated by Burton Watson, Columbia University Press, 1993.

\"The Art of War.\" By Sun Tzu, Translated by Samuel B. Griffith, Oxford University Press, 1963.

\"The Analects of Confucius.\" Translated by Arthur Waley, Vintage Books, 1989.

\"Tao Te Ching.\" By Laozi, Translated by D.C. Lau, Penguin Books, 1963.

Essay Topic Examples 1. The arthenon: A Testament to Ancient Greek Architectural Genius:
     Explore the architectural features, construction techniques, and cultural significance of the arthenon, highlighting its role as the epitome of Classical Greek architecture and its enduring legacy in contemporary design.

2. The Evolution of Greek Sculpture from Archaic to Hellenistic eriods:
     Analyze the progression of Greek sculpture, examining the stylistic changes from the rigid forms of the Archaic Kouros figures to the dynamic beauty of Hellenistic masterpieces, reflecting political, philosophical, and artistic developments.

3. The Influence of Ancient Greek Art on the Western Art Tradition:
     Discuss how Ancient Greek art, with its preoccupation with ideal beauty, proportion, and harmony, laid the foundation for the Western art tradition, leaving a lasting impact on art movements and aesthetics throughout history.

4. The Role of Mythology in Ancient Greek Visual Arts:…...

mla

Primary Sources

- Pausanias. Description of Greece. Translated by W. H. S. Jones, Harvard University Press, 1918.

- Vitruvius. De Architectura (The Ten Books on Architecture). Translated by Morris Hicky Morgan, Harvard University Press, 1914.

- Homer. The Iliad. Translated by Robert Fagles, Penguin Books, 1990.

- Pliny the Elder. Natural History: A Selection. Translated by John F. Healy, Penguin Books, 1991.

- The Acropolis Museum. \"Parthenon Frieze.\" The Acropolis Museum,  

http://www.theacropolismuseum.gr/en/content/parthenon-frieze .

Civilizations of Latin America
Human beings have always expressed themselves through culture; throughout history. The achievements made are a product of continued refinement over the ages. They are an inherited product of a diverse modified and complex evolution from the past through time. The Latin American case is a complex one. There is plenty of diversity exemplified but there are contradictions too. The complication arises from the fact that there is a remarkable cultural diversity in the vast continent; spanning Patagonia to Mesoamerica and from the past to modern day. The Latin American region has been full of controversies, disagreements, legends and mysteries that show the reasons why the continent should exist despite great pressure mounted by the West[footnoteef:1]. In order to understand our existence as unique people, and for a clear coexistence attitude embedded in a social fabric, we must study, live and imagine the cultural orientations of Latin America.…...

mla

References

Kahn, J.S. El concepto de cultura: Textos fundamentales. Anagrama. (1974)

Nanda, Serena. Antropologia cultural. Adaptaciones socioculturales. Mexico. 1987

Navarrete Orta, Lu's. Literatura e ideas en la Historia hispanoamericana. Cuadernos Lagoven. 1991

Zea, Leopoldo. La esencia de lo americano. Mexico. 1971

Master Builders
Today, the professions of architect, engineer and construction worker are well-known. Yet, from the earliest civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece and Rome, the "master builders," who planned and directed the design and construction of many of the greatest structures, held one of the most prestigious positions in society. The fact that some of these structures -- thousands of years old -- remain standing, and many of these same engineering sciences are still used, pay tribute to the abilities of these master craftsmen who were responsible for all steps in the "design-bid-build" project delivery method.

Before the existence of master builders in design and construction, the Code of Hammurabi referred to building as a simple process. Produced approximately between 1792 to 1750 B.C., this is the first known building code. Its rules and responsibilities and acceptable standards of workmanship were carved on stone tablets. Failure to adhere to these standards led…...

Graffiti should be protected for several reasons:

1. Artistic expression: Graffiti is a form of art that allows individuals to express their creativity and communicate messages visually. It provides a platform for artists to showcase their talent and perspective.

2. Cultural significance: Graffiti often reflects the cultural identity and vibrant spirit of a community or neighborhood. It can convey unique stories, experiences, and beliefs of a particular group of people, preserving their history and heritage.

3. Social commentary: Graffiti serves as a powerful tool for social commentary, enabling artists to raise awareness about various issues such as social injustice, environmental concerns, or political....

Cosmetology: A Comprehensive Overview

Cosmetology is the art and science of enhancing the appearance of the skin, hair, and nails. It encompasses various treatments and techniques aimed at improving one's overall physical appearance. This essay provides a comprehensive overview of cosmetology, exploring its history, evolution, different branches, and significance in society.

The History of Cosmetology

Cosmetology has its roots in ancient civilizations, where people used natural ingredients like herbs, minerals, and oils to adorn themselves. In ancient Egypt, for example, women applied kohl to their eyes and wore elaborate wigs made from human hair or wool. In ancient Greece, men and women used....

I. Introduction
A. Brief overview of the history of corrections
B. Importance of understanding the historical perspective on corrections

II. Ancient and Medieval Times
A. Origins of corrections in ancient civilizations
B. Use of punishment and retribution in medieval Europe
C. Evolution of correctional institutions during the Middle Ages

III. The Enlightenment Era
A. Influence of Enlightenment ideals on corrections
B. Emergence of reformative approaches in corrections
C. The role of punishment and rehabilitation in the Enlightenment era

IV. The Industrial Revolution
A. Impact of industrialization on corrections
B. Development of modern prison systems
C. Changes in correctional practices during the Industrial....

I. Introduction
- Definition of women's rights
- Importance of women's rights in society

II. Early history of women's rights
- Women's lack of legal rights in ancient civilizations
- Women's rights in early modern Europe
- The role of women in the American Revolution

III. Women's rights movements in the 19th century
- Seneca Falls Convention and the Declaration of Sentiments
- The suffrage movement in the United States
- Women's rights movements in Europe

IV. Women's rights in the 20th century
- Women's suffrage around the world
- Women's rights in the workplace
- The feminist movement in the 1960s and 1970s

V. Current challenges and victories in women's rights
- The fight for....