Aircraft Purchasing Plan
An aircraft purchase plan is a plan designed by an organization, a corporate company or an individual with the aim of acquiring an aircraft. The design of the plan matches the buyer's specifications and needs. The acquisition plan must match the buyer's monetary resources. The resources that one has, determines the aircraft that one can purchase. The purchase plan should be consistent with the goals of the buyer (Betz 2010). The plan should be adapted to suit the needs of the buyer. This is an example of an effective aircraft purchase plan. A flight department has the duty of organizing flights for the corporate managers of the business. The flight department has the duty to ensure the aircrafts that the company has are proper to transport goods and people. The department organizes flight hours and schedule for flying corporate members.

The purpose of this purchase plan is enabling the…...

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References

Betz, F., & International Association for Management of Technology. (2010). Creating and managing a technology economy. Singapore: World Scientific.

Crider, R., National Research Council (U.S.)., Airport Cooperative Research Program., & United States. (2011). Guidebook for developing and leasing airport property. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board.

Hitt, M.A., Ireland, R.D., & Hoskisson, R.E. (2008). Strategic management: Competitiveness and globalization. Mason, Ohio: South-Western.

Hutt, M.D., & Speh, T.W. (2012). Business marketing management: B2B. Australia: South-Western, Cengage Learning.

Both fighters and bombers improved their range and capacities to carry more. Overall, the period between the wars saw aircraft go from slow, rickety wooden boxes to sleek, metallic speedsters capable of performing integral military operations.
Nothing best defines the advancements made in aircraft design and capabilities that the Hawker company. Beginning shortly after the First World War, Hawker continually and steadily improved his designs making faster and better aircraft. With designs like the Hawker Fury (1931), the company continually modified it's fighter into new designs like the Hind (1934) and the Hurricane (1935). (Angelucci 1983) by the start of World War II, the Hurricane was Britain's frontline fighter and was powered by the famous olls oyce Merlin 12 cylinder liquid cooled engine. This engine could produce over 1000 hp and allowed the aircraft to reach speeds of more than 300 mph. While the cruising speed was lower, the Merlin…...

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REFERENCES

Angelucci, E. 1983, the Rand McNally Encyclopedia of Military Aircraft, 1914-1980,

The Military Press, New York.

Donald, D. 1998, Fighters of World War II, Orbis Publishing, New York.

Sharp, M., Scutts, J., March, D. 1999, Aircraft of World War II, a Visual Encyclopedia,

Examples include gyroscopic blind-flying instruments, which enabled flight even in low visibility conditions. At the same time, radio navigation and approach systems help pilots land safety even during low visibility. These instruments later developed to include radar technology in combination with radio. De-icing and anti-icing systems were also implemented in order to minimize the dangers of ace accretion. Weather radars were implemented in order to serve as a warning of poor weather conditions, and autopilots were implemented to automatically maintain the flight course and altitude of the craft..
Electronic and technological advances have also served airline safety well during the late twentieth century. In f1990, for example, an airliner was introduced with a new digital flight control system; the lack of necessity for a flight engineer on the deck was therefore eliminated, along with the cost involved as well as the danger of the human factor. Another new concept is…...

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Sources

Bristow, John W. & Irving, P.E. (2007, Apr). Safety factors in civil aircraft design requirements. ScienceDirect.  http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V2X-4KTVP8T-1&_user=736898&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000040978&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=736898&md5=1d8964c49507a4ddf0f44dfd3105d725 

EPSRC (2008) Self-Repairing Aircraft coul Revolutionise Aviation Safety.  http://www.epsrc.ac.uk/Basic_PrinterFriendly?postingGUID= {25638C36-4CA5-4003-808D-ABD09B34ADD0}&titlePH=phdefTitle&mainPH=phdefMain

The Engineer (2008, 14 July). Simulated safety. Centaur Media PLC

Wells, Alexander T. & Rodrigues, Clarence C. (2003). Commercial Aviation Safety. McGraw-Hill professional.

Aircraft Icing
As the winds cool and chill with impending snow and frozen weather, aircraft all over the world haul pilots, commuters, and cargo all over the world. As an aircraft is exposed to dangerously cold weather, it is put immediately at risk for aircraft icing, an extremely hazardous and potentially fatal safety concern. The phenomenon of aircraft icing only occurs in colder climates when the outside air temperature approaches the freezing mark. When the air around the craft chills to that extent, the temperature of outer metal skin of the aircraft also falls. While the metal sheets are built to withstand these lowered temperatures, the airplane assumes risk in flying through a cloud of liquid also cold.

As the aircraft enters the liquid, the water freezes when impacted with the frozen metal exterior of the plane, resulting in problems with wings, tail, propellers, and engine.

Aircraft Icing

As the winds cool and chill…...

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Bibliography

Coares, Andrew. "Space Weather and Aircraft - A Threat to Aircrew and Passengers? The Physics of the Universe." New Statesman. May 20, 2002.

Fyall, A.A. "Practical Aspects of Rain Erosion on Aircraft and Missiles." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences. Vol 260, No. 1110. A Discussion on Deformation of Solids by the Impact of Liquids, and its Relation to Rain Damage in Aircraft and Missiles, to Blade Erosion in Steam Turbines, and to Cavitation Erosion. Jul. 28, 1966.

Kyle and Sand, Thomas G. And Wayne R. "Water Content in Convective Storm Clouds." Science. New Series, Vol. 180, No. 4902. Jun., 1973.

MacFarlan, Ross A. Human Factors in Air Transport Design. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1946.

Air forces are now requisite for any relevant military. Pilots must be trained effectively; many commercial pilots are still militarily trained because of the superiority of military training services, staffing, and equipment. Many advances in civilian and commercial aviation technology are based on observations and advancements made in military sectors.
Therefore, the use of aircraft in warfare has far-reaching consequences. Aviation technology gives the nations who use it a significant strategic advantage in bombardment or reconnaissance missions. Aviation technology altered the outcome and development of both the first and second orld ars. New developments in aviation technologies have bolstered the military power of developed nations, notably the United States. The creation of specialized air forces, and specialized groups within the air forces, has caused important political, social, and economic changes in the military. In light of the remarkable advancements in aviation technology today, which becomes increasingly more sophisticated and powerful,…...

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Works Cited

Aerial Warfare." Wikipedia.com.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_aviation .

Glines, C.V. "Review: Wingless Eagle: U.S. Army Aviation Through World War One." Aviation History. Reproduced on About.com. http://history1900s.about.com/library/prm/blrwinglesseagle.htm.

Martin, Robert W. "The Dawn of Military Aviation." About.com. http://militaryhistory.about.com/cs/militarytech/a/bldawnaviation.htm.

Aircraft escue and Firefighting
escues and firefighting often go hand in hand, but depending on the conditions of the rescue or the whereabouts of the fire, they can be very different in what they require from those who are charged with the duty of keeping others safe. In aviation, rescues and firefighting have often been problematic. Those who work in firefighting and other rescue operations look for better ways they can use in order to make aviation a safer proposition for everyone involved with it. Specifically, aircraft rescue and firefighting (AFF) is in a category of its own. esponse, rescue, mitigation of hazards, and evacuation are all included in AFF, which typically takes place in an airport setting FA, n.d; elyea & Garnett, 1993).

It is not always easy to address fire safety issues when it comes to airports and aviation, however, because only specific types of equipment and chemicals can be…...

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References

Adams, K. (1999). A new approach to cockpit and cabin fire safety. Air Safety Week.

Cote, Arthur E. (2003). Basics of Fire and Fire Science. Organizing for Fire And Rescue Services. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.

Essentials of Fire Fighting and Fire Department Operations 5th Edition. 2008.

FAR Part 139, 139.317 Aircraft rescue and firefighting: Equipment and agents

Mission:

The sightseeing expedition did not report a particular flight plan. The charter was used for this flight in spite of recent reports of problems due to a shortage of available charters on the private island airport.

Medium:

The island runway ascended into foggy and hazy conditions that were reportedly worsening.

Management: The pilot was not in contact with an management oversight but management did play a part in the shortcoming of certain procedures, including the allowance of the plane to fly without proper run-up procedures and the its allowance to fly in spite of carrying too much weight.

Conclusion:

Contributing causes to the accident were pilot inexperience, which allowed the pilot to take to the air in spite of less than ideal meteorological, mechanical and experiential conditions, as well as poor procedural attention to an aircraft with clear mechanical problems. The probable cause of the accident was a mechanical failure to the right engine, which…...

The measure of risk is expressed as the ratio of bird strikes occurring every 100,000 flying hours. This measure is however relatively insensitive to technical improvements. Therefore a reduction in safety is not anticipated but is calculated afterwards when increased bird strikes have already happened. Therefore, BASH managers are disadvantaged because they are able to respond only after bird strikes happen (ibid., 209-212). The authors introduce a new method for risk assessment based upon near-miss events that complement risk calculations based upon reported bird strikes. Improvements in digital avian tracking
radars help biologists to monitor and assess near-miss events. Near-miss events occur much more frequently. By adding in the near miss data, estimates of bird strikes are made more accurate (ibid., 213-214).

In the jet age, many forget that rotary driven aircraft make up a great percentage of the civil aviation fleet. In a study published in the journal of American…...

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References

Darby, L.S., & Poulos, G.S. (2006). The evolution of lee-wave -- rotor activity in the lee of pike's peak under the influence of a cold frontal passage: Implications for aircraft safety. American MeteorologicBird censuses and questionnaire querying airport employees to allow evaluations of Klope, M.V., Beason,, R.C., Nohara, T.J., & Begier, M.J. (2009). Role of near-miss bird strikes in assessing hazards. Human -- Wildlife Conflicts, 3(2), 208 -- 212.

Netjasov, F., & Janic, M. (2008). A review of the research on risk and safety modelling in civil aviation. In Third International Conference on Research in Air Transportation (pp. 169-175).

Fairfax, VA: Conference on Research in Air Transportation.

[Gerhardus H. Koch] AFCPCO experts expect that the application of research knowledge in design and manufacturing phase of the aircraft production would reduce corrosion related maintenance expenditure by around 40% ($320 million). [Daniel E. ullock]
Corrosion Control by Coating

Using appropriate coating methods, galvanic corrosion of metal surfaces can be avoided. For example titanium surfaces are plated with cadmium and primed before they are attached to aluminum surfaces. The aluminum alloy surface is typically coated with corrosion inhibiting primers such as Skydrol-resistant epoxies. efore applying the coating the surface is anodized using phosphoric acid anodizer. [Gerhardus H. Koch] the most poplar method of corrosion prevention however is the use of chromate surface treatments of the aluminum structures. Using hexavalent-chromium compounds for surface coating is however an environmentally unsound practice as chromium is well-known as a highly toxic and carcinogenic agent. The U.S. air force has done extensive research to find an…...

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Bibliography

Maj Daniel E. Bullock and Mr. Timothy Anderl, " Air Force Experts Fight the Good Fight Against Corrosion to Maintain Mission Readiness," Accessed on 24th Oct 2004,  http://www.afrlhorizons.com/Briefs/Feb04/ML0302.html 

Gerhardus H. Koch, PH.D., "Corrosion control and Prevention," Accessed on 24th Oct 2004, http://www.corrosioncost.com/pdf/aircraft.pdf

Donley, M.S, a.J. Vreugdenhil and V.N. Balbyshev, "Nanostructured Silicon Sol-Gel Surface Treatments for Al 2024-T3 Protection," the Journal of Coatings Technology; 4/1/2001

Kennedy, Harold, "U.S. Navy Struggles to Keep its aging Aircraft Fleet Flying,"

Human Factors Leading to Aircraft Incidents at the Ground Level:
MILITAY VS. CIVILIAN.

Human factors that cause aircraft incidents at the ground level. Aircraft Mechanics:

Civilian vs. Military.

The objective of this study is to investigate human factors that cause the aircraft incidents at the ground level. A case of Aircraft Mechanics: Civilian vs. Military. The study uses experimental method to carry out the research. The paper generates hypothesis to compare human factors that lead to the civilian and military aircraft incidents at the ground level. The study presents the research findings in tables and graphs and the research findings show that human factors leading to the aircraft incidents at the ground level is higher in the military aircraft than the civilian aircraft.

Introduction

Worldwide commercial aviation has suffered huge costs of damage from the ground-related incidents estimated to reach more than $4 Billion. On the other hand, Flight Safety Foundation provides higher estimates pointing out…...

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References

Balk, A.D., & Bossenbroek, J.W., (2010). Aircarft Handling and Human Factors, A comparative study of the perceptions by ramp staff and management. NLR Air Transport Safety Institute.

Balk, A.D. (2007). Safety of Ground Handling. National Aerospace Laboratory NLR.

Bureau of Air Safety Investigation. (1996). Human Factors in Fatal Aircraft Accidents. Department of Transport and Regional Development.

Department of Defense (2005). Human Factors Analysis and Classification System A Mishap Investigation and Data Analysis Tool. Department of Defense. USA.

Maintaining Reliability and Maintenance of UASSummaryThis paper examines maintaining the reliability and maintenance of UAS since this system is increasingly adopted in the National Airspace System (NAS). The issue is examined on the backdrop of increased adoption of UAS in commercial and civilian domains though they were initially designed for military application. The discussion seeks to promote an in-depth understanding of UAS operations, understand UAS capabilities and limitations, and develop suitable procedures for maintenance and enhanced reliability of UAS.UAS refers to a system whose components do not carry a human operator and are piloted remotely or fly independently. It was initially designed and adopted for military applications but has since grown to be used in civilian and commercial domains. However, the increased use of UAS in these settings has generated concerns regarding safety and reliability. Maintaining the reliability of UAS requires conducting reliability assessments using either deductive or inductive approaches.…...

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References

Abdallah, R. (2019). Reliability approaches in networked systems: Application on unmanned aerial vehicles. Retrieved August 14, 2021, from  https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02192738/document 

Freeman, P.M. (2014). Reliability assessment for low-cost unmanned aerial vehicles. Retrieved from University of Minnesota website: https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/170136/Freeman_umn_0130E_15553.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Gupta, S.G., Ghonge, M.M. & Jawandhiya, P.M. (2013). Review of unmanned aircraft system (UAS). International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology, 2(4), 1646-1658.

Summary

There are many considerations that go into owning or renting an aircraft. The more people know about the industry and the aircraft they are interested in, the better off they will be. There are also many costs associated with ownership that some people are not aware of. These include both required inspections as and upgrades to comply with federal regulations as well as unforeseen costs when something breaks or is in need of repair. Potential owners, renters, and leasers should carefully consider all of the variables associated with an aircraft before they take the next step.

eferences

AOPA. (2010). "Time to buy, get the most from the ownership." AOPA Magazine. October 29,

2008.

AOPA. (2010). "AOPA Aircraft Insurance." etrieved October 28, 2010 from AOPA

Homepage: http://www.aopaia.com/index.cfm?parm1=Owners%20FAQ.

Bowman, D. (2010). "About Aircraft." etrieved July 17, 2010 from E. How website:

http://www.ehow.com/about_4740036_aircraft-rentals.html

Boyer, Phil. (1998). "eliable Flyer." AOPA Pilot. August 1998.

Cook, Marc E. (1997). "Joining the Club." AOPA Pilot. December…...

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References

AOPA. (2010). "Time to buy, get the most from the ownership." AOPA Magazine. October 29,

2008.

AOPA. (2010). "AOPA Aircraft Insurance." Retrieved October 28, 2010 from AOPA

Homepage:  http://www.aopaia.com/index.cfm?parm1=Owners%20FAQ .

aircraft Boeing made
Aircraft Boeing

Boeing 787 Dreamliner is known for its twin engine, long-range, and mid-size, jet airliner developed by Boeing Commercial Airlines. The capacity of the new jet airplane is between 210 and 300 passengers. The capacity of the airplane is more dependent on the variant of Boring 787 Dreamliner. One of the main characteristics of the Boring 787 Dreamliner is its fuel efficiency as compared to the other Boeing jet airliners. As compared to 767, 30% lesser fuel is consumed by the new Boring 787 Dreamliner. Secondly, most of the materials used for the construction of Boring 787 Dreamliner include composite materials. Some of the main features of the new Boring 787 Dreamliner include windshield that is four paneled, engine nacelles that have the ability of noise reduction, and a nose contour that is much smoother (Carbaugh, 2010, p. 34).

Duration of 787 development

The development of the new Boeing…...

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References

Carbaugh, R. (2010). International Economics, Available Titles CourseMate Series. Edition 13. Cengage Learning.

Norris, G., and Wagner, M. (2009). Boeing 787 Dreamliner. Zenith Imprint.

Norris, G., Thomas, G., Wagner, M.,and Smith, F.C. (2005). Boeing 787 Dreamliner - Flying Redefined. Aerospace Technical Publications International.

At the same time, research on ozone depletion showed the dire situation and helped support pushes for reform and regulation of harmful chemicals being used in such a vulnerable context as in our atmosphere. Many Western nations have passed legislation limiting the types of chemicals and levels which are acceptable, for example the Air Pollution Act in the United States (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2010).
Conclusions

With this growing amount of data, it is clear that stricter regulation will be necessary to curb future ozone and water pollution as a result of the growth of the aviation industry. We cannot completely ban airline travel, and so resources need to be implemented in finding safer alternatives for the harmful chemicals necessary in massive airline travel.

Appendixes

Appendix a

Increased Air Traffic in Northern Hemisphere

University of Berlin (http://www.geo.fu-berlin.de/met/bibliothek/Encyclopedia_of_Atmospheric_Sciences/Aircraft_emmisions.pdf)

Appendix B

Approximate Emission Index Levels for Cruise Level Operation of Current Commercial Jet Aircraft

Species Emission index (g kg 1)

CO2…...

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References

Holzman, David. (1997). Plane pollution. Environmental Health Perspectives. 105(12). Retrieved February 21, 2010 from  http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/qa/105-12focus/focus.html 

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2000). Aviation and the Global Atmosphere. IPCC Working Groups. Retrieved February 21, 2010 from  http://www.grida.no/publications/other/ipcc_sr/?src=/Climate/ipcc/aviation/014.htm 

University of Berlin. (2010). Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, Volume 1-6. Institute for Meteorology. Retrieved February 21, 2010 from  http://www.geo.fu-berlin.de/met/bibliothek/Encyclopedia_of_Atmospheric_Sciences/Aircraft_emmisions.pdf 

United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2010). Origins of modern air pollution regulations. Air Pollution Control Orientation Course. Retrieved February 21, 2010 from  http://www.epa.gov/apti/course422/apc1.html

Aircraft that I have chosen is North American F-86 Sabre. This aircraft was a transonic fighter aircraft and was developed by North American Aviation. This aircraft is very important in aviation history because it was the United States' first transonic swept wing fighter aircraft that could compete with the similar Soviet Union's MiG-15 in high speed fights during the Korean War. It is considered one of the best aircrafts used in the Korean War and is rated highest among the important fighter aircrafts.
The North American Aviation that has previously manufactured P-51 Mustang started to develop another fighter aircraft in 1940's. Designed by Edgar Schmeud, this aircraft evolved from the company's FJ Fury design. In contrast to the swept winged F-86 Sabre, the Fury was straight winged aircraft. Hence, after incorporating the changes, F-86 was built to meet the United States' need for high altitude and a day fighter. The F-86…...

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Bibliography

Baugher, Joe. "USAAC/USAAF/USAF Fighter and Pursuit Aircraft: North American F- 86 Sabre." F-86F in Foreign Service. N.p., 5 Nov. 1995. Web. 11 Oct. 2012. .

Dunlap, Roy F. Ordnance Went Up Front. Birmingham: Palladium, 1998. Print.

Hussain, Jamal. "Excellence in Air Combat: PAF's Forte." Pakistan Defence Journal (2002): 1-3. Print.

Thompson, Warren. F-86 Sabre Aces of the 51st Fighter Wing. Oxford: Osprey, 2006. Print.

Thesis Statement:

The United States Navy has played a crucial role in shaping the course of history, safeguarding national interests, and upholding global security. Its contributions encompass a wide spectrum of operations, from defending territorial waters to conducting humanitarian missions, demonstrating its unwavering commitment to protecting the nation and its allies.

Arguments/Points to Discuss:

1. Historical Significance:

- Highlight the Navy's origins during the American Revolutionary War, emphasizing its instrumental role in securing independence.
- Discuss the Navy's involvement in major conflicts, including the War of 1812, the Spanish-American War, World War I, World War II, and the Korean War, showcasing its adaptability....

1. The use of sustainable materials in aircraft tire production
2. The impact of tire wear on the environment and potential solutions
3. The role of tire maintenance in improving aircraft safety and efficiency
4. The development of smart tires for aircraft to monitor performance and detect issues
5. The history of aircraft tire technology and how it has evolved over time
6. The challenges of aircraft tire recycling and potential innovations in the field
7. The influence of tire pressure on aircraft performance and fuel efficiency
8. The impact of tire design on overall aircraft performance and handling.
9. The effect of extreme weather conditions on aircraft....

1. The importance of main landing wheels in aircraft operations
2. The evolution of main landing wheels in aviation history
3. The different types of main landing wheels used in aircraft
4. The maintenance and inspection procedures for main landing wheels
5. The role of main landing wheels in ensuring safe landings and take-offs
6. The impact of main landing wheel technology on aircraft performance
7. Case studies of incidents or accidents involving main landing wheel failure
8. The future trends and advancements in main landing wheel technology
9. The environmental impact of main landing wheels in aviation
10. The innovations and developments in main landing wheel....

Essay Topics on Main Landing Wheel

1. Design and Engineering of Main Landing Wheels

Explore the various types of main landing wheels, including single-wheel, twin-wheel, and multi-wheel configurations.
Discuss the structural components of a main landing wheel, such as the tire, rim, tread, and hub.
Analyze the design considerations for main landing wheels, including load bearing capacity, durability, and rolling resistance.

2. Aerodynamics and Performance of Main Landing Wheels

Explain the aerodynamic forces acting on main landing wheels during takeoff, landing, and taxiing.
Discuss the role of tread patterns and tire pressure on the wheel's traction and rolling resistance.
Analyze the effects....