Other aircrafts in the category of A380, produced in the last few years, included the A350, oeing 777, oeing 787 and the other 747's. GKN and other similarly-motivated companies have been focused on reducing harmful acoustic emissions of aircraft jet engines (Hilpern).
UK Prime Minister Tony lair endorsed the report made by economist Sir Nicholas Stern on October 30, 2006 about the global economy shrinking by 20% because of global warming (C News 2007). In his 700-page study, Stern said, however, that taking appropriate measures now would incur only 1% of the world's gross domestic product. Prime Minister lair used the scientific evidence on global warming from Stern's report to describe the phenomenon as "overwhelming" and its consequences as "disastrous." At about the same time, the United Nations released information on the rising volume of emissions of greenhouse gases, which would affect rich countries more. Among the most immediate responses…...
mlaBibliography
BBC News (2007). Climate change fight "can't wait." 6 web pages. BBC.co.uk: British Broadcasting Corporation
Hilpern, K (2005). Flying towards a greener future. 4 pages. The (London) Independent: Independent Newspapers UK Limited
Lean, G. (2006). Green taxes don't have to be a punishment. 2 pages. The Independent on Sunday: Independent Newspapers UK Limited
2000). Airlines called to account over pollution. 2 pages. The (London) Independent: Newspaper Publishing PLC
It states how airlines knowing the risk of pulmonary embolism had completely avoided "providing the proper seats, equipment and warnings to the traveling public who are totally within their care and control while on board the aircraft" (Louis S. Franecke, Esq.).
Out of the three websites, the last one which I visited was a long read and the information in it did not relate to my situation. It was focused more upon the fact that air travel increases the risk of pulmonary embolism but the airlines did nothing to solve the issue. Although it did deal with air travel and pulmonary embolism, the information in it was not well presented and it addressed to other issues not related to me. I spent about 1 hour reading through the three websites. The second website, being the news article did address to my issue but to check whether it had anything to…...
mlaReferences
1) Anonymous - Longer Flights and Winter Tied to Increased Blood Clot Risk. [Online website] Available at on: 25/10/2005]http://www.mercola.com/2001/sep/22/blood_clot_risks.htm [Accessed
2) Roni Rabin - Pulmonary embolism can kill the young, too. [Online website] Available at on: 25/10/2005]http://www.newsday.com/news/columnists/ny-hsrabin0518,0,5886796.column?coll=ny-health-columnists [Accessed
3) Louis S. Franecke, Esq. - Pulmonary Embolism Caused By Blood Clotting on Airline Flights -- A Legal Perspective. [Online website] Available from: www.sfms.org/sfm/sfm302c.htm[Accessed on: 25/10/2005]
4) Frederic Lapostolle, M.D., et al. - Severe Pulmonary Embolism Associated with Air Travel. The New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 345:779-783, September 13, 2001
Business
Bringing Quality Back to Commercial Air Travel
In 1988, ten years after deregulation of the aviation industry in the U.S., Gourdin's article titled "Bringing Quality Back to Commercial Air Travel" was published in the Transportation Journal. The article gives a good overview into the way that the aviation industry has developed following deregulation. The article focuses on quality issues, demonstrating the way in which interpretation and satisfaction of quality issues varies across the three main stakeholders; the carriers themselves, passengers, and the government (Gourdin, 1988). This is an interesting piece written by the author using their knowledge, therefore, when reviewing this article it should be noted that it is more of an opinion piece rather than a research article found in peer reviewed journals.
When examining the article, it maybe argued that although Gourdin obviously has a strong knowledge of the airline industry, and the way it operates, that a great deal…...
mlaReferences
Barley, Stephen R. (2006), When I Write My Masterpiece: Thoughts On What Makes A Paper Interesting, Academy Of Management Journal, 49(1), 16 -- 20
Baye Michael, (2007), Managerial Economics and Business Strategy, McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Clemes, Michael D; Gan, Christopher; Kao, Tzu-Hui; Choong, Michelle, (2008), An empirical analysis of customer satisfaction in international air travel, Innovative Marketing, 4(2), 49-57
Gourdin Kent N; Kloppenborg, Timothy J, (1991), Identifying Service Gaps in Commercial Air Travel: The First Step Toward Quality Improvement, Transportation Journal, 31(1), 22-30
boom of commercial air travel peaked in the late sixties and early seventies, the cost levied by the most popular and powerful airlines had virtually no standard of limitation. There was little competition in Great Britain for economic command of the air industry. British Parliament's cozy relationship with British Airways ensured a monopolistic situation in which the consumer was not offered the advantages of a competitive market. This changed for a brief period in 1971 when Freddie Laker, former managing director of British United Airways, unveiled some of the groundbreaking features of his fledgling Laker Airways.
Freddie Laker, millionaire maverick of commercial traveling, fashioned his airline around a fleet of modern jet airliners, derived of the highest technological standards of the time. This did not prevent him from providing stripped down, affordable flights. Laker's entrepreneurial notion, pioneering in its execution of the obvious and necessary, set out "to launch a…...
mlaStigum, Marcia. The Money Market. Dow Jones-Irwin, 1990. 4315.1 Forward Rate Agreements.
Laker, Sir Freddie
Stigum, Marcia
air traffic has continued to increase and it now constitutes a considerable proportion of the travelling public. The amount of long-hour flights has increased significantly. Based on the International Civil Aviation authority, air traffic can be anticipated to double amid till 2020. Airline travel, especially over longer distances, makes air travelers vulnerable to numerous facets that will impact their health and well-being. Particularly, the speed with which influenza spreads and mutates, via transportation routes, is the reason why the influenza pandemic is considered to be a huge threat to the human population. Pandemic is a term, which is used for a virus or microbe when it spreads over a large area, in severe cases even the whole world and large number of people start getting affecting by it (CDC, 2009).
In the past 300 years, there have been ten significant influenza pandemics outbreaks that have taken place in this world. The…...
mlaReferences
Airports Council International (2009) Airport preparedness guidelines for outbreaks of communicable disease. Available at: (Accessed: 28 November 2011)http://www.airports.org/aci/aci/file/ACI_Priorities/Health/Airport%20preparedness%20guidelines.pdf
Bouma, G.D. (2002) The research process. 4th edn. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.
Brigantic, R., Delp, W., Gadgil A., Kulesz, J., Lee, R., Malone, J.D. (2009) U.S. airport entry screening in response to pandemic influenza: Modeling and analysis. Available at: (Accessed: 28 November 2011)http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B7578-4W2M6SG1&_user=10843&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000000150&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10843&md5=44685b11dd53d74a8ef85a4f03e185f2
Bush, George W. (2003a). Homeland security presidential directive -- 5: Management of domestic incidents. Available at: (Accessed: 28 November 2011)http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2003/02/20030228-9.html
Air Cargo Security
Since the events of 911, airport security has been an important issue. The Transportation Security Administration (TSA)" is responsible for ensuring the security of all modes of transportation, including cargo placed aboard airplaines and particularly focuses on passenger-carrying planes" (TSA). The TSA is part of the Department of Homeland Security. According to the latest information available, the TSA employs 620 Cargo Transportation Security Inspectors who are exclusively dedicated to the oversight of air cargo. One hundred twenty of these are canine teams. The numbers of security inspectors and canine teams has increased significantly since 2006 (TSA).
Obviously, no one wants to see another tragedy. Terrorism continues to be a threat and security measures must try to keep pace with ever-changing strategies that terrorists try to employ. There has been much in the news about passenger screening, x-ray technology, and rights to privacy. Passengers do not present the only possible…...
mlaReferences
Beesley, A. (2010). Call for tighter security on air cargo worldwide. Irish Times 11/6/2010.
Dutton, G. (2010). Industry braces for 100% air cargo screening. World Trade 23(5), pp.
18-22.
Harris, D. (2010). Air cargo security. Good Morning America (ABC), 10/31/2010.
46). To date, though, these reforms have not materialized and the air traffic control system remains mired in the FAA bureaucracy (McDougall & oberts, 2008). In this regard, Poole (2008) emphasizes that, "[the air traffic control system] is managed by an unwieldy government bureaucracy, micromanaged by Congress, and subjected to the ups and downs of the federal budget process. And as air travel continues to grow, the air traffic control system is less and less able to keep pace" (p. 11).
Based on the importance of sound air traffic control systems, there have been a number of studies conducted to determine the primary causes of existing air traffic control system deficiencies. The research to date has identified five main causes as follows:
1. Procurement: cumbersome federal procurement processes end up taking five to seven years to acquire new radar and computer systems -- at a time when a new generation of…...
mlaReferences
Deitz, S.R. & Thoms, W.E. (1999). Pilots, personality, and performance:
Human behavior and stress in the skies. New York: Quorum Books Jacko, J.A. & Sears, a. (2003). The human-computer interaction handbook:
Fundamentals, evolving technologies, and emerging applications.
Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Travelling and Tourism contributes to U.S. Economy
How travelling and tourism contribute to U.S. economy
Annotation
Websites
United States Department of Commerce
Commerce Department Data Show U.S. Travel and Tourism Exports Contributed $87.1 Billion to U.S. Economy in First Six Months of 2013
The official website of the U.S. Department of Commerce takes keen interest in finding who enters the country for the purpose of traveling and tourism and what is the impact of traveling on the economy of the country. The department oversees International Trade Administration. It is found that the international investors contribute multibillions to the economy of country every year. During the month of June this year, the international investors contribute about $14.6 billion. The contribution is increasing every year and from June 2012 to June 2013, the investment increased about 5%. The role of international travelers and tourists is positive on the economy of USA. Only in the first half of the…...
mlaReferences
Guido, C., and Paolo, F. "The Economics of Tourism Destinations," Springer. (2012).
International Trade Administration. Year-to-date U.S. travel and tourism exports contribute $72.6 billion to the U.S. economy, (2013). Retrieved from: http://trade.gov/press/press-releases/2013/year-to-date-us-travel-and-tourism-exports-contribute-72-billion-to-the-us-economy-071013.asp
Independent. Keeping nine per cent rate good for jobs, tourism and economy, (2013). Retrieved
The NAAP structural integrity program includes three tests including Widespread Fatigue Damage (WFD), Damage tolerance analysis (DTA) and DTA based airframe repair assessment. The supplemental inspection programs of the FAA ensure that commercial airlines fulfill the structural safety requirements. Any structural defects that are observed during the normal operation of an airplane or those that are revealed after an accident are issued as Airworthiness Directives (AD). The FAA periodically conducts certification reviews and aircrafts that report recurrent problems due to design issues will require compulsory design modifications. [FAA]
6. What is the purpose of flight data recorders and cockpit voice recorders? How are they be used for accident-prevention purposes?
Flight data recorders and cockpit voice recorders are very useful tools that can be used to understand the events that lead to the accident. Familiarly known as the 'black boxes' these units are helpful for aircraft investigators in reconstructing the disaster. Today…...
mlaBibliography
1) Alexander T. wells, Clarence C. Rodriguez, (2003) 'Commercial Aviation Safety', Fourth Edition, McGraw Hill.
2) NASA, 'Aviation Safety Reporting System', retrieved Apr 6th 2010, from, http://asrs.arc.nasa.gov/overview/summary.html
3) NBAA, 'Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS)' retrieved Apr 6th 2010, from, http://www.nbaa.org/ops/safety/asrs/
4) NTSB (2002) 'National Transportation Safety Board: Aviation investigation manual Major team investigations', retrieved Apr 6th 2010 from, http://www.ntsb.gov/Aviation/Manuals/MajorInvestigationsManual.pdf
Air Industry
The cost to run an airline is not cheap by far. Millions and millions of dollars are being spent every. In fact, the Middle Seat requested U.S. Airways and referring firm Oliver Wyman to crunch airline expenditures down to the percentages that an individual passenger earns, taking a difficult look at expenditures of running an air company. With that said, this essay will explain what expenses and costs face today's air industry and also evaluate what the current fuel costs due to the industry and how they affect the ticket prices and the patrons' flying occurrences.
Fuel and Labor
Research shows that Fuel is considered to be the most vital operating expenditure of a commercial airline (28%), the next is by labor (25%). Furthermore, studies show that Labor represents about 75% of all non-fixed prices of airline procedures (Airlines for America, 2015). Downsizings are therefore the first strategy utilized by the…...
Given that the profitability rate is already very low and that other costs have already been cut, the only practical response to rising fuel costs (assuming that they do not fall drastically very quickly) is to raise fares.
This will be problematic for the company, of course, since it has established as its major selling point the fact that it offers the lowest fares possible. However, having to raise fares is something that will no doubt happen at other companies as well since all companies will be affected. Thus it is entirely possible that the company will be able to raise fares and yet remain the lowest priced company in its market (Creaton, 2007, p. 48).
While rising fuel costs are the most significant costs that are beyond the control of the company, other external factors can have important impacts as well. Among potential issues in terms of overall costs to…...
mlaReferences
Bamber, G.J., Gittell, J.H., Kochan, T.A. & von Nordenflytch, a. (2009). Up in the Air: How Airlines Can Improve Performance by Engaging their Employees. New York: Cornell University Press.
Creaton, S. (2007). Ryanair: The Full Story of the Controversial Low-Cost Airline. Dublin: Aurum.
Davies, R. (2011, March 7.) Soaring Fuel Costs Spark New Airline Fees: Sky-High Fuel Costs Are Behind Recent Fee Hikes. Retrieved from http://abcnews.go.com/Travel/soaring-fuel-costs-spark-airline-fees/story?id=13077127 .
(Dunn, 2009)
Arumemi-Ikhide believes that Arik can succeed due to a combination of the opportunity -- helped by economic and air transport reforms in Nigeria -- and the capability to deliver a high quality product." (Dunn, 2009) Also stated by Arumemi-Ikhide is that this "will be a key in differentiating it in the international market and providing feeder traffic. That will be the lifeline for the international network. That's what sets up apart from our rivals." (Dunn, 2009)
Martin Russell states in the report entitled: "Arik Air: The Future of African Aviation" that both the "internal opinion of African air travel and that of onlookers overseas was bleak before the arrival of Nigeria's newest treasure, Arik Air." (2008) Russell states that the aviation industry is African is "hampered by somewhat less predictable weather and frequent storms" resulting in aviation in African being "far from predictable with temperamental skies that readily unleash…...
mlaBibliography
Nigeria's air traffic grows by 31% during 2008; defies global slump (2009) TradeInvest Nigeria Thu, 05 Mar 2009. Online available at: http://www.tradeinvestnigeria.com/news/957188.htm
Lawal, Lateef (2009)FG Invests Over N7b In Air Navigation, Safety, Search & Rescue - Nigeria Masterweb Daily News. Online available at: http://www.nigeriamasterweb.com/blog/
More Frequencies to Foreign Airlines Put Nigerian Carriers at Risk (2009) The Guardian -- Travels 17 Jul 2009. Online available at: http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/travels/article01//indexn2_html?pdate=170709&ptitle=More%20frequencies%20to%20foreign%20airlines%20put%20Nigerian%20carriers%20at%20risk
Dunn, Graham (2009) Arik Air: Pressing Ahead with International Plans. 3 June 2009. Airline Business. Online available at: http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/03/06/323508/arik-air-pressing-ahead-with-international-plans.html
It's oeing. Starting from their first aircraft models oeing &W and Douglas DT/C-1 and up to the modern airfreight oeing 747-400, company oeing and oeing-related enterprises had been always on the frontier of air cargo industry, and nowadays oeing airfreights stand for 90% of commercial air cargo companies.
Everything started with mail delivery. Today lots of us associate aircrafts with people transportation, but primary oeing was responsible only for cargo.
The company was started in 1916, when ill oeing and his partner George Westervelt made a first model of future civil aviation's world leader- jet &W. &W had later become the first plane that was delivering cargo and mail to New Zealand. Three years later ill oeing and Eddie Hubbard delivered 60 letters from Vancouver, Canada to Seattle, which became the first event in the history of international air shipping.
Nearly at the same time, company Douglas Aircraft had signed a contract…...
mlaBibliography
Allaz, Camille The history of Air cargo and airmail Christopher Foyle Publishing, 2002
IATA International Traffic Statistics: December 2004 and Year-end 2004 available on web: http://www.iata.org/pressroom/industry_stats/2005-01-31-01.htm
Boeing History articles from www.boeing.com
Greyhound is part of the travel services industry, providing intercity travel within the United States as well as travel packages and mail services. The environment that Greyhound operates in his been effected by the events of September 11. The safety concerns, the decline in air travel and the decline in international travel creates opportunities for Greyhound. In the current environment, there would be increased interest in travel arrangements other than air travel. This creates an opportunity for Greyhound to take advantage of the situation and promote its services. The main problem that Greyhound faces is how to maintain current demand after the environment has stabilized. After analyzing the various problems and the future scenarios the recommendation is that Greyhound expand its services and create an extensive marketing campaign to promote its services. To ensure that increased demand is maintained there should also be a focus on ensuring new customers become…...
mlaBibliography
Billsberry, J. The Effective Manager: Perspectives and Illustrations. London: Sage, 2000.
CNN. "Explosives found in Philadelphia bus station." CNN.COM. October 19, 2001. http://www.cnn.com/2001/U.S./10/19/philadelphia.explosives/index.html
Daft, R.L. Management. Fort Worth, TX: Dryden Press, 1997.
Greyhound Lines Inc. "Greyhound Company Profile." Greyhound Lines Inc., 2002. http://www.greyhound.com/company/profile.shtml
egional Airports Feasibility In 2025 - A Comparison on Competing Travel ModesIntroductionThe global economy is recovering after the recession caused by the novel Covid-19 pandemic. International air travel came to a standstill after closing borders, leading to large losses and limited growth for international and regional airlines. However, global air travel is expected to grow (Gelhausen, Berster, and Wilken, 2021). However, the maturity of the demand dictates the growth. In regions like the United States, where there is a high likelihood to fly, the demand is mature; thus, the growth rates are expected to be low compared to other markets. However, changes in the strategic approach of air travel as a strategic instrument in the local economy have led to rapid or planning of more integrated transport systems that are not heavily reliant on air travel for connection between major transport hubs.In line with the National Plan of Integrated Airport…...
mlaReferencesDVRPC, 2001. 2025 Regional Airport System Plan for the Delaware Valley Region. [ebook] Philadelphia, PA. Available at: [Accessed 7 February 2022].Gelhausen, M., Berster, P. and Wilken, D., 2021. Post-COVID-19 Scenarios of Global Airline Traffic until 2040 That Reflect Airport Capacity Constraints and Mitigation Strategies. Aerospace, 8(10), p.300.Goyal, R., Reiche, C., Fernando, C., and Cohen, A., 2021. Advanced Air Mobility: Demand Analysis and Market Potential of the Airport Shuttle and Air Taxi Markets. Sustainability, 13(13), p.7421.NPIAS, 2020. National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS) 2021–2025. [ebook] NPIAS Publication. Available at: [Accessed 7 February 2022].Sentance, A., 2014. Connectivity and growth Directions of travel for airport investments. [ebook] PwC. Available at: [Accessed 4 February 2022].
Your thesis statement should be bold, but also something you can back up with facts throughout the paper. If you say, for example, that airline travel is becoming more dangerous, you will need statistics to prove that. You might want to focus your thesis on the risks vs. benefits of air travel, instead. You could use a thesis statement like \"despite the recent disasters occurring in the field of air travel, it remains the safest way for people to get from one place to another.\" As for structure, you could have an intro, information about the most recent disasters, what....
I. Introduction
A. Overview of airplanes
B. Importance of airplanes in transportation
II. History of airplanes
A. Wright brothers and the invention of the first airplane
B. Development of airplane technology over the years
III. Types of airplanes
A. Commercial airplanes
B. Military airplanes
C. Private airplanes
IV. Components of an airplane
A. Fuselage
B. Wings
C. Engines
D. Landing gear
V. How airplanes work
A. Principles of flight
B. Role of lift, thrust, drag, and weight
C. Takeoff, cruising, and landing
VI. Advantages of airplanes
A. Speed and efficiency in transportation
B. Global connectivity
C. Emergency response and rescue operations
....
COVID-19's Devastating Impact on Global Travel and Tourism: A Trend Analysis
The COVID-19 pandemic has unleashed a seismic shock on the global travel and tourism industry, leaving a trail of unprecedented disruption and economic turmoil. As governments imposed travel restrictions and lockdowns to contain the virus, the once-bustling travel sector came to a screeching halt, with dire consequences for businesses and destinations worldwide. Here's an in-depth analysis of the profound impact of COVID-19 on global travel and tourism trends:
Crumbling Travel Demand and Economic Losses
The pandemic has decimated travel demand, leading to a catastrophic decline in international arrivals. According to the World....
Advancements in Transportation Technology: A Catalyst for Enhanced Daily Living
The relentless march of technological progress has profoundly transformed every facet of human existence, and the realm of transportation is no exception. Over the centuries, a myriad of groundbreaking innovations have revolutionized the way we move from one place to another, unlocking unprecedented opportunities and conveniences that have indelibly shaped our daily lives.
1. Enhanced Mobility and Accessibility
Modern transportation technologies have dramatically increased our mobility, allowing us to traverse distances that were once considered insurmountable. The advent of high-speed rail networks, for instance, has drastically reduced travel times between major cities, facilitating....
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