Air Pollution: A Testament to Human History
Air pollution is woven throughout the fabric of our modern life. A by-product of the manner in which we build our cities, air pollution is waste remaining from the ways we produce our goods, transport ourselves and our goods, and generate the energy to heat and light the places we live, play, and work.." (Davis, 1)

The most important natural resource on which humans depend is often overlooked. It is around us and inside of us; this vital resource is everywhere. It is vital to our survival, yet although it is almost omnipresent on earth, the supply is in danger. The air we breathe supplies us and all animals with oxygen, an essential element for the body to live. Air as we know it is almost completely composed of nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor, and inert gases. Unfortunately, the composition of air has been affected by…...

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Bibliography

Alley, F.C. And Cooper, David. Air Pollution Control. Chicago: Waveland Press, 2002.

Becklane, John and Sue. Pollution. New York: Gloucester Press, 1990.

Boubel, Richard. Fundamentals of Air Pollution. New York: Academic Press, 1994.

Davis, Ayne; Wark, Kenneth; and Warner, Cecil. Air Pollution: Its Origin and Control. New York: Addison-Wesley Pub Co, 1997.

Air Pollution and Acid ain
Acid rain is now commonly perceived as a major environmental threat but the term is still relatively new and many are confused about its causes. While there are some other commonly cited reasons including natural sources, the main cause of acidity in rain is air pollution, which increases the composition of sulphur oxides and nitrogen oxides and thus lowering the pH level to less than 7. Air pollution is defined as "the introduction by humankind, directly or indirectly, of substances or energy into the environment resulting in deleterious effects of such a nature as to endanger human health, harm living resources and eco-systems, impair amenities or interfere with other legitimate uses of the environment." [1]

Acid rain can be called a new phenomenon since it basically emerged with industrialization. The hazardous fumes from factories were one of the main causes of air pollution and thus are responsible…...

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REFERENCES

1) Definition adopted by Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Transfrontier Pollution Group in OECD, OECD AND THE ENVIRONMENT 151 (1986).

2) Brook, M., Materials Performance, p. 4, June 1994.

3) Daniel Barstow Magraw: International Law and Pollution. University of Pennsylvania Press. Philadelphia. 1991 p. 265

4) "What is rain acid" Retrieved online 11th Nov. 2004  http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/acidrain/2.html

Air pollution remains one of the most urgent and serious problems facing the world today. esearch studies conducted in the past have clearly indicated that in addition to harming the environment, the effects of air pollution on human health are particularly adverse. In this text, I discuss air pollution, its causes, and effects. Further, I propose solutions that could be embraced to rein in the problem of air pollution.
Air Pollution: An Overview

Air pollution in the words of Miller (2005, pp.347) "is the presence of chemicals in the atmosphere in concentrations high enough to harm organisms and materials (such as metals and stone used in buildings and statues) and to alter climate." As the author further points out, the effects of air pollution could be serious or simply annoying. In the past, various measures have been taken across the world to decrease air pollutant emissions in an attempt to improve air…...

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References

AFP, n.d. High Levels of Air Pollution in the Chinese Capital Frequently Affect Visibility. [image online] Available at:   [Accessed 16 April 2013].http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-16665360 

Flatworldsedge, 25 Oct 2010. Moisturize Daily (Statue at Palladio's Teatro Olimpico), Vicenza. [image online] Available at:   / [Accessed 15 April 2013].http://www.flickr.com/photos/flatworldsedge/5624073650 

Woods Hole Research Center, n.d. A Fire Sweeps through a Portion of the Amazon Rainforest. [image online] Available at: [Accessed 15 April 2013].http://www.dfmf.uned.es/curso_teledeteccion/palma/CSM/web/earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Study/AmazonFire/index.html

Appendix

hereas the level of air pollution in Canada is smaller than the ones in other countries, it can still be considered to play an important role in the tourist industry. People generally come to the country thinking about fresh mountain air and no pollution. However, if one of those wanting to visit Canada would have came across the information that, in 2007 alone, air pollution in Toronto was responsible for 1,700 premature deaths and 6000 hospitalizations, the respective person would certainly have second thoughts regarding their travel destination.
hen concerning the impact of air pollution on Canada's agricultural sector, matters become even more complicated, as it is responsible for deficiencies in other divisions of the country's economy. Airborne pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide transform in acid rain when they are mixed with water vapor. Acid rain has a devastating effect on plants and on aquatic ecosystems, reducing…...

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Works cited:

1. Hessing Melody, and Howlett Michael, Canadian Natural Resource and Environmental Policy: Political Economy and Public Policy (Vancouver, B.C.: University of British Columbia Press, 1997) 22.

2. Reese April, "Bad Air Days," E. Nov. 1999: 28.

3. "Airborne Pollutants Cause Health and Environmental Problems." Retrieved March 20, 2010, from the Environment Canada Web site:  http://www.ec.gc.ca/cleanair-airpur/Regional_Clean_Air_Online/Atlantic_Region/Effects_of_Air_Pollution-WSCD9DB205-1_En.htm 

4. "Particulate Matter (PM)." Retrieved March 20, 2010, from the Environment Canada Web site:  http://www.ec.gc.ca/cleanair-airpur/PM_2.5,10-WS2C68B45C-1_En.htm

The incinerators produce a cocktail of toxic chemicals that can cause cancer, heart disease, respiratory problems, immune system defect, increased allergies and birth defects" (3). Green Peace suggests sustainable waste management as an alternative to industrial incinerators.
The Sierra Club identifies coal burning power plants as major contributors to air pollution. "Out of the entire electric industry, coal-fired power plants contribute 96% of sulfur dioxide emissions, 93% of nitrogen oxide emissions, 88% of carbon dioxide emissions, and 99% of mercury emissions" (4). In addition, these coal-fired power plants contribute to acid rain, soot, smog, air toxins, and global warming.

The Sierra Club offers a number of energy saving recommendations as a means of conserving energy and reducing the emissions of coal fired power plants. Some of their recommendations include replacing incandescent light bulbs with compact fluorescent bulbs, caulking and weather-strip doorways and windows, installing low-flow showerheads and faucets, keeping the furnace…...

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References

Buchanan, M., Horowitz, C. Pollution and Society.  http://www.umich.edu/~gs265/society/pollution.htm 

United States Environmental Protection Agency. Reformulated gasoline.  http://www.epa.gov/otaq/rfg.htm 

Green Peace Organization. Incineration Campaign.  http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/contentlookup.cfm?CFID=1924590&CFTOKEN=59456217&SitekeyParam=D-D 

Sierra Club. Clean Air-Power Plants.  http://www.sierraclub.org/cleanair/factsheets/power.asp

Air Pollution
In "Schwarzenegger slams GOP-led bills to block pollution rules," Geman (2011) addresses Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger's reaction to the recent potential threats to the Clean Air Act. Congress is "attacking" the Clean Air Act, according to Schwarzenegger, with "more than a dozen proposals in Congress to limit enforcement of our clean-air rules, create special-interest loopholes, and attempt to reverse scientific findings." According to the governor, the Clean Air Act has helped California improve its air quality and the health of its residents. Schwarzenegger quipped, "when he came to California in the late 1960s, poor air quality would cause his eyes to water, while the air quality is much better now thanks to the Clean Air Act… Today, I have tears in my eyes again, but for a very different reason. Some in Washington are threatening to pull the plug on this success," (Geman 2011). The Clean Air Act is a…...

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References

Geman, B. (2011). Schwarzenegger slams GOP-led bills to block pollution rules. The Hill. April 22, 2011. Retrieved online:  http://thehill.com/blogs/e2-wire/677-e2-wire/157241-schwarzenegger-slams-gop-led-bills-to-block-pollution-rules?page=2#comments 

Sahagun, L. (2011). Freeway air pollution linked to brain damage in mice. Los Angeles Times. April 7, 2011. Retrieved online:  http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/greenspace/2011/04/freeway-air-pollution-brain-damage-mice.html

Not surprisingly, Houston has experienced a growing problem with air pollution. According to Cherni, "In Houston, outdoor air conditions are usually very unpleasant. In addition to high temperatures and humidity, emissions from numerous cars and industry, and the heat produced by central cooling equipment, contribute to at times unbearable air quality. A report by the Houston Chronicle cited by Cherni reports that while Houston is ranked among the top ten wealthiest areas in the country in terms of personal income, the city has an inordinately high incidence of cancer mortality and infant, childhood and maternal mortality.
One of the most obvious contradictions is that high levels of air pollution make Houston one of the most contaminated cities in the United States. As noted above, Houston is much like other major cities around the world that suffer from high levels of air pollution, but industrial emissions in the region have become…...

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Works Cited

Cherni, Judith a. Economic Growth vs. The Environment: The Politics of Wealth, Health and Air Pollution. New York: Palgrave, 2002.

Gerber, Brian J. And Grant W. Neeley. (2005). "Perceived Risk and Citizen Preferences for Governmental Management of Routine Hazards," Policy Studies Journal 33(3): 395.

Sorelle, R. (1990, July 11). "U.S. health care gets bottom summit ranking," Houston Chronicle, 21A82.

Thomas, R.D. And Murray, R.W. Progrowth Politics. Change and Governance in Houston, Institute of Governmental Studies and University of California at Berkeley: IGS Press, 1991, 37 in Cherni at 82.

The patient can monitor the patient for the signs of heart disease, and be aware of the fact that women may be more at risk, and have different symptoms than men. The nurse can make the patient aware of the signs of heart-related ailments caused by the environment. Of course, the patient's increased efficacy in such self-care will not change federal environmental regulations, nor improve the quality of the air in the city block where the patient lives. But the nurse can provide knowledge, and if the patient is unable to do so, improve the indoor air quality of the patient's immediate environment by adjusting ventilation systems to decrease the exposure emissions, and advise the patient to eliminate sources of asbestos, dust, and other toxins within the home. "In many cases, source control is also a more cost-efficient approach to protecting indoor air quality than increasing ventilation because increasing…...

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Works Cited

Goodwin, Marianne. (1990). "Is it feasible for the nursing division at St. Vincent's

Hospital to adopt Dorothea Orem's model of nursing?" Health News. Retrieved 4 Feb 2007 at  http://www.ciap.health.nsw.gov.au/hospolic/stvincents/1990/a06.html#3 

An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality." (2006). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved 4 Feb 2007 at  http://www.epa.gov/iaq/is-imprv.html 

Study Finds Gritty Air Raises Heart Disease Risk in Older Women." (31 Jan 2006)

ability of pollution strategies to improve air quality. Many scientists believe the way to cleaner air is through limiting the use of automobiles to cut down on harmful emissions. Other experts believe new technologies can greatly reduce the emissions and clean up the air while still allowing Americans the autonomy of their automobiles. Some of these measures are too expensive for many people to afford, and this must be addressed.
AI POLLUTION

Air pollution continues to be a problem of great concern in the United States, and around the world, and governments are continually struggling with balancing clean air with America's love of the automobile, one of the biggest air polluters on the planet. "The United States has achieved remarkable progress in reducing air pollution since the Clean Air Act was established in 1970" (Mangun and Henning 229), but we still have a long way to go in the battle for…...

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References

Harris, Errol E. Apocalypse and Paradigm: Science and Everyday Thinking. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 2000.

Kazimi, Camilla. "Valuing Alternative-Fuel Vehicles in Southern California." American Economic Review 87.2 (1997): 265-271.

Mangun, William R., and Daniel H. Henning. Managing the Environmental Crisis: Incorporating Competing Values in Natural Resource Administration. 2nd ed. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1999.

Air Pollution, Climate Change, Ozone Depletion Should 3 papers. First 2 due 27 Mar 2012. Last 1 due 3 April 2012. This essay set parts: Prewriting Research, Rough Draft Workshop, Final Draft Presentation.
Air pollution is presently one of the most divisive issues, considering that it continues to occur in spite of the fact that numerous environmental scientists have tried to raise public awareness concerning the concept. Smog clouds are present above most major cities from around the world, but people have gradually learned to ignore them. It is basically as if they simply want to improve their condition with no regard to the consequences that their actions have on the environment. Carbon dioxide is one of the most important pollutants in the air, considering that it is mainly responsible for the fact that the planet is experiencing a warming process.

Pollution actually goes back to the period when man first…...

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Bibliography:

Parker Larry A. And Morrisey, Wayne A. "Stratospheric ozone depletion," (Nova Publishers, 2003)

Parker and Morrisey intend to raise public awareness concerning the imminent threat represented by ozone depletion. Their book relates to how people are generally inclined to ignore such threats as a result of their tendency to focus on the present.

Pew Center on Global Climate Change, "Climate change: science, strategies, & solutions," (BRILL, 2001)

The fact that Climate Change is a contentious topic made it difficult for the authorities to discuss it accordingly and the masses are generally inclined to believe that scientists know very little regarding the subject. The fact that many individuals are unwilling to cooperate in stopping climate change further contributes to making the topic divisive.

After all, Socrates emphasized that, "Every action has its pleasures and its price." As the date when peak oil occurs, likely around mid-century, alternatives to this continuing dependence on fossil fuel resources will require a Manhattan Project-level investment by the public and private sectors to avoid growing air pollution and its concomitant adverse impacts on human health and climate change, and some recommendations to this end are presented below.
3.

ecommendation

Complex problems require complex solutions, and developing effective preventions to air pollution is no exception. Nevertheless, in a "follow-the-money" analysis, it is clear that the majority of the investments in administering and controlling air pollution to date have been worthwhile, but these investments have not translated into economic incentives for the poor. Even some modest reductions in the causes of air pollution over time, though, can have an enormous cumulative effect in preventing further pollution. Therefore, it is recommended that the…...

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References

Glover, David. Valuing the Environment: Economics for a Sustainable Future. Ottawa:

International Development Research Centre, 2010.

Grundmann, Reiner. Transnational Environmental Policy: Reconstructing Ozone. London:

Routledge, 2001.

Outdoor air pollution is a leading environmental cause of cancer deaths. It is not safe to breathe because is harmfully impacts the lungs and the body. Indeed, the International Agency for esearch on Cancer (IAC) under the World Health Organization (WHO) "has classified outdoor air pollution as a cancer-causing agent" (Simon, 2013). It is responsible for both lung and bladder cancer.
Particulate matter is also a carcinogen that the IAC has classified, and it can include anything from dust to chemicals to smoke. All of that contributes to air pollution -- whether smog, exhaust, fumes from factories, smoke, chemicals, dust, etc. Thus, the criteria for air pollution is anything that contaminates the air -- any particle that acts as a carcinogen (which is damaging to the lungs and cardiovascular system if inhaled) is a pollutant and causes air pollution. WHO (2013) notes that outdoor air pollution is not safe to breathe…...

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References

Kessler, R. (2014). Air Pollution's Impact on Cancer is "Grossly Underestimated."

Scientific American. Retrieved from  http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/air-pollution-s-impact-on-cancer-is-grossly-underestimated/ 

Simon, S. (2013). World Health Organization: Outdoor Air Pollution Causes Cancer.

Cancer.org. Retrieved from  http://www.cancer.org/cancer/news/world-health-organization-outdoor-air-pollution-causes-cancer

Air Pollution
The air that surrounds us is a mixture of 78% nitrogen; 21% oxygen; less than 1% of carbon dioxide, argon, and other gases; and varying amounts of water vapor. Any other particles, gases or unoriginal constituents hanging in the air which are not part of its original composition are called 'Pollutants' and this kind of air is called Polluted Air. Even inhaling small amounts of such air pollutants can have serious effects on one's health and leads to environmental problems.

e can see some air pollutants such as the reddish-brown haze in smog; however, other air pollutants, including some of the most dangerous, are invisible.

Air pollution can be natural or human-made. Air pollution occurs naturally during volcano eruptions, forest fires, or dust storms. This has been an occasional problem for humans. However, during the past hundred years, air pollution created by humans has become a major, persistent problem.

Outdoor Air Pollution

Air…...

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Works Cited

1. Asbestos.  http://www.epa.gov/asbestos/asbe.pdf 

2. Asbestos: Health and Exposure.  http://www.epa.gov/asbestos/health.pdf 

Air Pollution

Air Pollution, Cars, Carbons and Looking Upstream for Solutions
Air pollution is a serious problem in the world but there are ways to deal with it. In other words, the situation is not hopeless. Yes, a large amount pollution comes from the burning of fossil fuels and emissions such as those from gas engine vehicles. And, true, automakers deliberately do not develop cars that get more than 50 mpg because of the incestuous relationship between the oil industry and the auto manufacturing industry -- both of which profit from more oil consumption, which means fewer gas miles (Naughton). But things don't have to be this way. In fact, there is enough technological innovation out there already just waiting for the right situation in which the so-called "wheel" can be re-invented -- and re-invented in such a way so that the earth is not detrimentally affected by its usage. As Rishi Manchanda…...

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Works Cited

Manchanda, Rishi. "What Makes Us Get Sick? Look Upstream." TED. 2014. Web.

13 Nov 2015.

Naughton, Keith. "Miles to Go: Why Automakers Don't Sell a Car That Gets 50 mpg."

Sheppard, Kate. "Lose 300 Million Tons of CO2 in Just Three Weeks!"

Controlling Air Pollution From Industrial Sources:
Air pollution is the most commonly used term to refer to the wide range of contaminants to the atmosphere that occur either through natural causes or through human activities. These contaminants to the atmosphere are in most cases identified as gases or particles with the most common sources being combustion processes. The growing range of emissions from industrial processes and combustion of industrial wastes is a result of the wide range of compounds that are utilized in the modern manufacturing processes ("Air and Water Pollution," n.d.). While the goals of controlling air pollutions are far from being achieved, air pollution control procedures have continued to be a significant part of civic administration.

Controlling Air Pollution from Industrial Sources within EU:

Prior to the early nineties, the policy of the European Union concerning air pollution had seemed to be fragmented. The fragmented policy either included directives that were…...

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References:

Air Pollution & Climate Secretariat (2010), EU Air Pollution Policy, Airclim.org, viewed 26

February 2011,

European Commission (2004), Case Study 1: Comparison of the EU and U.S. Approaches

Towards Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground Level Ozone, European Commission, viewed 26 February 2011,

To start this essay, we would begin by identifying ways that business could impact the environment.  Next, we would want to identify the businesses we wanted to highlight in the essay, focusing on their specific environmental impact.  We would want to select at least two businesses with different reputations for their environmental impact.  Companies that are known for having good environmental initiatives include Disney, Johnson and Johnson, Nike, eBay, Fisher Investments, Hewlett-Packard, Starbucks, and Ford Motor Company.  Companies have a bad reputation in terms of their impact on the environment include AES, PPL, ConAgra Foods, Coca Cola,....

Certainly! Here are some science essay topic suggestions:

1. The impact of climate change on the environment.
2. The role of renewable energy sources in reducing carbon emissions.
3. Exploring the potential health benefits of genetic engineering.
4. The effects of plastic pollution on marine life and ecosystems.
5. The future of space exploration and its potential for human colonization.
6. The ethical considerations of using animal testing in medical research.
7. The development and implications of artificial intelligence in various fields.
8. The challenges and benefits of using nanotechnology in medicine.
9. Exploring the effects of deforestation on biodiversity and climate change.
10. The impact of technology on human....

1. An overview of bronchiectasis: its causes, symptoms, and treatment options
2. The impact of bronchiectasis on quality of life and daily functioning
3. The role of genetic factors in the development of bronchiectasis
4. The relationship between bronchiectasis and other respiratory conditions, such as COPD and asthma
5. The importance of early diagnosis and management in bronchiectasis
6. The challenges of managing bronchiectasis in children versus adults
7. The benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation programs for individuals with bronchiectasis
8. The potential complications of untreated or poorly managed bronchiectasis
9. The role of patient education and self-management strategies in bronchiectasis care
10. The advancements in research and treatment options....

1. The causes and effects of air pollution in urban areas
2. The impact of plastic pollution on marine ecosystems
3. The role of industrial activities in water pollution
4. How deforestation contributes to environmental pollution
5. The health effects of pollution on human populations
6. The effectiveness of government policies in combating pollution
7. The role of technology in reducing pollution levels
8. The ethical implications of pollution on future generations
9. The connection between climate change and pollution
10. The importance of public awareness and education in addressing pollution issues
11. The link between pollution and wildlife extinction
12. Case studies of successful....