y the late 1600's, there were about 750,000 "civilized" inhabitants, i.e. Negro slaves from Africa, working the plantations and by the turn of the century, many of the plantations owners had grown extremely wealthy as a result of slave labor.
During the last half of the 17th century, there were a number of efforts to normalize the slave trade or, in other words, to make it appear legitimate and necessary for the growing economies of Europe. Part of this normalization involved the plantations, due to their overwhelming need for a large labor force. efore this normalization, "indentured servants (i.e. slaves) were freed every few years," but with the introduction of permanent servants, this situation was done away with. Also, as permanent slaves were brought to work the plantations, this gave plantation owners "a greater degree of control over the life of slaves," such as being able to sell off the…...

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Bibliography

Clark, George N., Ed. The New Cambridge Encyclopedia of Modern History. MA: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

Gustaitis, Joseph. "Special Feature: Slavery in the Americas." The World Almanac. Internet. February 2007. Retrieved at  http://www.worldalmanac.com/newsletter/200702WAE-Newsletter.html 

Langer, William L., Ed. The Rise of Modern Europe. New York: Macmillan, 1965.

Nevins, Allan and Howard M. Ehrmann, Eds. A History of the Modern World. MI: University of Michigan Press, 1990.

Discovery Narrative
Analysis of William Bradford's and Samuel de Champlain's Narratives of the life of native American-Indians in the Americas in the 17th century

Early accounts of native life in North America were well-documented with through the experiences of navigators representing European countries, particularly Spain, England, and Portugal in the 17th century. This period was identified as the "Age of Discovery," for new civilizations were found, which provided opportunities for these voyagers to take advantage of a new-found territory to make use of its natural resources and expand its political territory and powers in the process.

Famous works of early narratives of discoveries of new land territories in the North American region were from William Bradford and Samuel de Champlain, voyagers who had been sent by England and France, respectively, to explore the prospects of a new politico-economic territory in the geographic area now known as North America. Narrated in the context of…...

Discovery
This neurological disorder or disease discovered and first described in 1966 by an Austrian physician, Dr. Andreas Rett

A paper published on the disorder in an English medical journal in 1983 by Dr. engst Hagberg and associates. Global awareness established and thengrew. First diagnoses of unidentified cases made.

Disorder initially observed to affect only girls of different races worldwide

Detailed Cause/s

Mutations in an X chromosome gene called MeCP2.

First discovered at the laboratory by Dr. Huda Zoghbi, a neurogeneticist, in October 1999

Primarily affects girls but recently found to affect boys as well

Condition between 6 to 18 months and progresses in stages

A developmental, not a genetic or nutritional, disorder

Affects 1 in 10,000 to 23,000 females worldwide

Apparently normal pregnancy and delivery for the mother and normal development of voluntary movements to the affected person

Symptoms

Deceleration of head growth between 6 and 18 months

Unexplained loss of normally acquired and appropriate hand skills at 5 to 30 months

Disappearance of…...

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Baker, O (1999). Faculty Control Gene Underlines Retardation (Rett Syndrome).

Science News, Science Service, Inc.

Gene Today ... Gone Tomorrow (October 1999). Nature Genetics

Lewis, Jackie and Debbie Wilson (1998). Pathways to Learning in Rett Syndrome.

The information starts with warm-up activities and ends with cool-down exercises. This logical or chronological order and progression helps with ease of understanding the topics as well. As far as using it to help train clients, this information can be useful in every stage of exercise. Also, the clients should expect to receive credible, useful information with traceable resources. This site provides these things and helps to detail exercises for specific populations as well, like people with diabetes or other limiting diseases or disabilities. The page is devoid of any misleading information and does not contain any information for marketing purposes either, which makes the information much more credible as it comes from a place of wanting to inform instead of wanting to sell a product....

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Website used for research:  http://www.unm.edu/~lkravitz/Article%20folder/age.html 

This website is based at the University of New Mexico's homepage and is relatively credible given the fact that it comes from an educational resource. Also, the site is written by a professor with a Ph. D. This person is familiar with citation and referencing the resources used to make specific arguments on the page. The information is very credible compared with other sites and I would be comfortable having older clients read and understand this information. As far as the usefulness of the information provided, the page is broken down into different types of training. This helps make it more useful to people looking for specific exercises or information relative to aging and exercise. The page also includes information that is useful to professionals as well as older adults, adding to the usefulness of the information it contains.

The author, also a UNM professor, seems to have an excellent grasp on dividing the information up in a way that allows it to be useful as well as easy to read and digest. The information starts with warm-up activities and ends with cool-down exercises. This logical or chronological order and progression helps with ease of understanding the topics as well. As far as using it to help train clients, this information can be useful in every stage of exercise. Also, the clients should expect to receive credible, useful information with traceable resources. This site provides these things and helps to detail exercises for specific populations as well, like people with diabetes or other limiting diseases or disabilities. The page is devoid of any misleading information and does not contain any information for marketing purposes either, which makes the information much more credible as it comes from a place of wanting to inform instead of wanting to sell a product.

Islamic Technology
Cultural and Construction History of the Islamic Golden Age

Cultural Environment

The Islamic Golden Age is also known as the Caliphate of Islam or the Islamic Renaissance. The term refers to a system of political, cultural, and religious authority derived from the teachings of the Prophet Mohammed in the early sixth century AD. At its high point under the Abbassid Dynasty (eighth to thirteenth centuries AD), Islamic civilisation experienced a flourish of art and culture that blended Arab, Persian, Egyptian, and European elements (Kraemer). The result was an era of incredible intellectual and cultural advancements (Wiet). At the height of its power, the Caliphate controlled all of the present-day Middle East, all of northern Africa and into Spain, and as far east as the Indus Valley, making it among the largest empires of all time and one of the few states ever to extend direct rule over three continents (Kennedy).

Relationship to…...

Age and Age Discrimination on an Organization
We hear so much about race, gender and sexual orientation discrimination on the job. And this is with good reason. America, unfortunately, has a long and torrid history of racial and gender discrimination, and the last 20 years have added sexual orientation discrimination to the list, especially given stories of gays being banished from the military.

African-Americans, in particular, were long barred from certain jobs, and even when they were fully integrated into the workforce during the 1980s, they faced the very low glass ceiling, as do women. oth African-Americans (and minorities in general) and women face challenges on the job in getting promotions and raises that white male Americans do not even dream of.

Today, the newest frontier in discrimination on the job is age discrimination. In reality, though, age discrimination has been around forever; it is only now getting some attention and some…...

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Bibliography

AFLCIO. 2004. Discrimination: Age.  http://www.aflcio.org/yourjobeconomy/rights/rightsatwork/disc_age.cfm 

EEOC. 2001.  http://www.eeoc.gov/employers/smallbusinesses.html 

Employment Practices Solutions: 2004. Westinghouse and Northrop settled 2 age discrimination lawsuits for $14 million.

Gallagher, John. 2005. Class action suits likely to increase as companies cut older workers. Columbus Ledger-Enquirer, Jan. 15, 2005.

Mental therapy using non-intense video games and how it affects brain health among the aged population showing early symptoms of dementia.
The deterioration of cognitive abilities and brain tissue due to age could have several adverse effects on mental systems and could even lead to dementia. Thus, researchers are trying to discover methods which could help keep brain function, independence, health and cognition among aged people in its best shape. Usually, with age, the white and gray matter of the brain shrivels with this action seen more in its prefrontal cortex than other regions. Other affected brain parts are the cerebellum, the prefrontal cortex on the side as well as the central temporal lobe structure which includes the hippocampus. Despite this, the occipital cortices and the entorhinal do not experience any form of shrinkage (Ballesteros et al., 2015). Common symptoms of this shrinkage include reduced memory strength, lower mental processing ability,…...

Yet the Obama Administration has also vigorously pursed the war in Afghanistan against the Taliban.
The discovery of an offensive Iranian nuclear program combined with the suppression of dissenting voices after a corrupt election made adopting a conciliatory and more open position to Iran difficult, despite Obama's stated willingness to open talks with that nation. "I would say to those people who put so much hope and energy and optimism into the political process, I would say to them that the world is watching and inspired by their participation, regardless of what the ultimate outcome of the election was" (Solomon & Spiegel 2009). Even his tenuous statement that America supports all impulses towards freedom was controversial -- Iranian hard-liners used it as evidence of American interference in their internal affairs, while the president's right-wing critics at home said that it was not sufficiently strident. "Any push by Mr. Obama to…...

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Works Cited

"Obama's speech in Cairo." The New York Times. June 4, 2009.

October 31, 2009.

 http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/04/us/politics/04obama.text.html 

Solomon, Jay & Peter Siegel. "Obama says Iran must pick its own leaders."

Brands, H.W. The Age of Gold. New York: Doubleday, 2002.
Get rich quick. This philosophy or fantasy can be seen everywhere today. It is seen in the eyes of the person who turns the slot machine in Atlantic City. It is seen in the sight of people lining up in front of a 7-11 several states away because the 'Power ball' jackpot has hit record highs. It can even be seen in the example of those ordinary investors who lost their shirts in the 1990's heady stock boom and bust. And it was seen, and originates in the Gold Rush of the 19th century, says author and historian H.W. Brands in his book The Age of Gold.

America has always been a place of freedom, a lack of pretension, and thus of easier enrichment, in the eyes of many. But the traditional American dream and Puritanical work ethic held that America was…...

When asked about their relationship with the county sheriff, the Pruetts were not surprised at Vague's comments, but insisted that the evidence they discovered was clear and suggested that the sheriff might be in on the whole conspiracy to keep information about aliens secret. Said Ms. Pruett, "That Vague has been sheriff for over 10 years and even though he hasn't caught a single alien, he keeps getting reelected. He must be in on the secret" (Bad Analogy). Mr. Pruett nodded in agreement and pointed out that, "We didn't have many alien sighting before Vague got elected sheriff but now we see them more and more. He's got to be part of it" (False Cause).

Attempts to gain access to Area 51 itself were unsuccessful, but this reporter managed to contact Airman James V. Fallacious at Nellis Air Force Base near Las Vegas who agreed to comment on the alleged recent…...

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If the U.S. armed forces are seeing an increasing number of servicemen and women being deployed for wartime responsibilities, why aren't these military personnel also seeing all of these aliens? If just makes sense that if they are seeing one thing, they should be seeing the other, too." Despite the Pruetts' intentions to contact the National Inquirer first, in a major scoop, this reporter managed to gain access to a copy of the picture of the aliens taken by the Pruetts which is reproduced for the first time in the national media here. National Inquirer, eat your heart out!

Picture of strangely clad aliens taken by Seymour G. And Selma Pruett, May 2, 2008 [Source: http://www.republicanvoices.org/mexican_immigrants.jpg].

The Pruett picture is proof positive that aliens are here today and they wear funny-looking clothes. Whether they mean us good or ill remains to be seen, but the Pruetts and countless other Americans have seen these aliens and it is time for the U.S. government to step up to the plate and admit that aliens are real and let the chips fall where they may.

religion in our age. The writer takes the reader on an exploratory journey through the current stresses of the world and the ways that religion helps us deal with that stress. It also explores our need to believe there is more after we leave this life. There were three sources used to complete this paper.
The Critical Importance of eligion in Our Age

Throughout history religion has played an important role in the lives of its followers. Whether it was the era in which the church had a hand in every aspect of the parishioners' lives, or in more modern times when the religious faith serves as a blueprint for how people live their lives, spiritual faith has remained strong. eligion remains an important aspect of this age as well. The world is faced with terrorist threats, worldwide famine, and snipers picking off innocent women and children. These things are combined…...

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References

July 14 -20, 2002

http://uwadmnweb.uwyo.edu/RelStds/RT%20Jul%2014%202002.htm

The Pledge of Allegiance

Paul V.M. Flesher

He exemplifies the expansion of the middle class and commercialism during the era. The book is a kind of inventive biography -- little is known for certain of hakespeare's life but Greenblatt uses the skeleton of hakespeare's plays to fill in details of common concerns of many figures of the period.
Long, William J. "The Elizabethan Age: 1550 -- 1620." From Outlines of English and American

Literature. April 4, 2009. http://www.djmcadam.com/elizabethan-age.html

This is an excerpt from a survey book on literature that is well-reputed in the field, although somewhat out of date. It examines the philosophy and history of the Elizabethan age and how it affected the literature of the period. It suggests the patriotic zeal and cultural vigor that resulted from the defeat of the Armada, scientific discoveries, and foreign travel and exploration were the reasons for the substantial literary output of this period's authors. It covers pencer, hakespeare, Bacon and…...

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Shakespeare, William. "The Tragedy of Julius Caesar." From the Language of Literature.

Edited by Arthur N. Applebee. New York: McDougall Littell, 2006.

"Julius Caesar" is one of Shakespeare's 'Roman plays.' It reflects the Elizabethan reverence of the classical age. However, it also reveals anxieties over succession and usurpation of royal authority. It exemplifies the Elizabethan fascination with the supernatural's influence upon world events. And the contrast between Brutus' nobility and the political fallout from his assassination -- or political naivete in the face of Mark Anthony -- highlights Shakespeare's ambiguous characterization.

Agricultural Innovations
The Middle ages were quite fruitful in inventing a number of discoveries that include the invention of the wheels, the invention of the plow, the harnessing the power of animals to pull wagons and plows and make their use for transportation, using the power of wind for sailboats, and the invention of writing and calendar (Ashcroft et al., 1989). These innovations collectively transformed the conditions of life for societies in the middle ages. These innovations had great effect in increasing the wealth of the population and developing complex social organizations. Although all of the innovations mentioned above were important, the plow was considered as the greatest potential for transforming social and cultural change (Duerr et al., 1985). It made the use of the permanent cultivation possible in a greater variety of soils, and thereby led to the widespread replacement of horticulture by agriculture. It also facilitated the harnessing of…...

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References

1. Ashcroft, Bill, Gareth Griffiths, Helen Tiffin, The Empire writes Back. Theory and Practice in Post-Colonial Literatures. London, New York 1989.

2. Duerr, Hans Peter, Dreamtime. Concerning the boundary between wilderness and civilisation. Translated by Felicitas Goodman. Oxfod: Basil Blackwell 1985

3. Eckholm, Erik, "Two greybeards race against time to preserve a culture that few people can understand." In: The Sunday Independent, Johannesburg, 16.1.2000, p.12.

4. Fabian, Johannes, Time and the Other. How Anthropology makes its Object. New York: Columbia University Press 1983.

The age of the universe A good way of estimating the age of the universe is dating the oldest objects in the Milky Way Galaxy. Being that the age of the universe varies directly with the Hubble constant, the cosmological constant and the average density of the universe, the direct estimate of the age of the universe can be used to define cosmological models. The metal-poor stars found within the spherical halo of the Milky Way are some of the oldest objects in the universe. As we speak, there are three main methods used to date the stars. These are nucleochronology, main sequence turn-off gases and white dwarf cooling curves. This paper seeks to outline the age of the universe, the technologies related to this field, and the astronomical importance.
NASA used their Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy probe in 2012 to estimate the age of the universe as 13.772 billion years. This had…...

To that end, throughout the course of his life "he remained convinced that the drug had the potential to counter the psychological problems induced by 'materialism, alienation from nature through industrialisation and increasing urbanisation, lack of satisfaction in professional employment in a mechanised, lifeless working world, ennui and purposelessness in wealthy, saturated society, and lack of a religious, nurturing, and meaningful philosophical foundation of life'." (Telegraph, 1) To Hofmann's view, many of the psychological problems associated with the detachment imposed by modernity could be addressed by guided use of a substance that caused reflection, insight and self-awareness otherwise largely inaccessible.
It was through what was for Hofmann an unwanted combination of premature commercialization and the proliferation which this allowed into the underground market that would cause LSD to earn its dubious reputation and its relationship to recreational rather than psychiatric users. Accordingly, Sandoz would immediately jump on the opportunity to…...

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Works Cited:

Hofmann, A. (1979). LSD-My Problem Child. MAPS.

Hofmann, A.; Wasson, R.G.; Ruck, C.A.P.; Smith, H. & Webster, P. (2008). The Road to Eleusis: Unveiling the Secrete of the Mysteries: 30th Anniversary. North Atlantic Books.

Hofmann Foundation (HF). (1999). The Albert Hofmann Foundation. Hofmann.org.

Nosowitz, D. (2009). LSD Creator Albert Hofmann to Steve Jobs: 'How Was LSD Useful To You?" Gizmodo. Online at  http://gizmodo.com/5310549/lsd-creator-albert-hofmann-to-steve-jobs-how-was-lsd-useful-to-you

There is no understating the importance that the Church and the development of Christianity and alternative churches have in the history of the world and the creation of modern culture.  Christianity and the Church were a driving factor behind the colonial development of the world, which required incorporating foreign aspects into worship, and led to the creation of the modern worship experience.

 
It is important to look at how the Age of Discovery, when the Catholic Church expanded around the globe by establishing missions in conquered or colonized countries with indigenous populations of people who....