Aerobic and Anaerobic Training on the Performance of Female High School Soccer Players
The purpose of this study is to look at aerobic and anaerobic conditioning and exercise. Female soccer players are used for this study and the results of how well they do on specific tests are measured. The goal then becomes to see whether those that perform better on these tests are also better soccer players and to therefore conclude whether this type of training and exercise has an effect on the performance of female high school soccer players.

Since the researcher is a coach for a high school female soccer team, the ease with which this data can be collected and analyzed is significant. The importance of a study such as this should not be underestimated, as there are many athletes that could likely benefit from both aerobic and anaerobic exercise if it is found that there is…...

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Works Cited

Bangsbo, J. (1994). The physiology of soccer: With special reference to intense physical exercise. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 150(suppl. 619), 1-156.

Borrie, A. And Bradburn, D. (1998). A correlation of two aerobic power tests and three sprint performance tests. Journal of Sports Sciences, 16, 20-21.

Carter, J.E.L. And Heath, B. (1990). Somatotyping: Development and Applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Deshaies, P., Pargman, D. And Thiffault, C. (1979). A psychobiological profile of individual performance in junior hockey players. In Psychology of Motor Behavior and Sport - 1978 (edited by G.C. Roberts and K.M. Newell), pp. 36-50. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

aerobic exercise or resistance training to a very low calorie diet are Donnelly JE, Jacobsen DJ, Jakici JM, and Whatley JE, "Very low calorie diet with concurrent vs. delayed and sequential exercise" published in 1994 in the 18th volume at page 469 of the International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolism Disorders (Donnelly et al.) and Bryner RW, Ullrich IH, Sauers J, Donley D, Hornsby G, Kolar M, and Yeater, R, "Effects of Resistance vs. Aerobic Training Combined With an 800 Calorie Liquid Diet on Lean Body Mass and Resting Metabolic Rate" published in 1999 in the 18th volume at page 115 the Journal of the American College of Nutrition (Bryner et al.). Both publications examined the hypothesis of whether the addition of either aerobic exercise or weight training to a very restricted diet increased various desirable measurements such as weight loss, fat free or lean mass body weight,…...

Physiological Effects of Endurance Training
Endurance training produces many physiological changes, both during training and after the training period is complete. These changes are biochemical and also involve changes in the cardio-pulmonary system. The correct way to perform endurance training has been a subject of controversy in recent years. There are many differences in training methods. These differences and the effects of endurance training will be the subject of this research. The jury is still out as to what constitutes the perfect duration and intensity of training program.

Studies have shown that a focused training program can increase maximum oxygen intake by 15-30% over a three-month period (7) and that can increase to 50% if the training is sustained for over 2 years. The body makes many metabolic adaptations as well. These adaptations drop rapidly in the first few weeks after training is stopped (1).

Duration and Intensity of Different Training Programs

There are…...

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References

1. Acevedo EO, Goldfarb AH. Increased training intensity effects on plasma lactate, ventilatory threshold, and endurance. Med and Sci in Sports Exercise, (21), 563-568, 1998

2. Finn, C, Effects of High-Intensity Intermittent Training on Endurance Performance. Sportscience (5)(1), sport sci.org. Jour. 1-3, 2001.

3. Foss M.L., and Keteyian S.J. Fox's Physiological Basis for Exercise and Sport. WCB Boston, Mass., McGraw-Hill. 1998.

4. Hawley JA, Myburgh KH, Noakes TD, and Dennis, SC. Training Techniques To Improve Fatigue Resistance And Enhance Endurance Performance. Jour of Sports Sci, (15), 325-333, 1997.

(MRN, 1) This is to indicate that brain cells are more actively produced by physical activity, convincing neurological
theorists that regular athletic orientation will improve one's academic
capacity and intellectual clarity. Still, as with other beneficial aspects
of an athlete's physical and intellectual growth, sporting activity must be
pursued in at least some degree of moderation. For both the implications
of what Metzl refers to as overuse and the consequences of an overly
centralized focus on athletic activity, there may be real and long-term
repercussions to failing to balance this emphasis with other healthy or
meaningful activities. Especially concerning bone and joint injuries,
overuse of specific parts of the body in a continuous and monotonous manner
will result in chronic pains and ultimately, lifelong localized injuries.
Therefore, especially when training for an endurance event, where sustained
energy is crucial, in training moderation can be a key to the prevention of
such injuries or the recovery there from.
Moreover, our research finds that in addition…...

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Works Cited

Beginner Triathlete (BT). (2008). The Original 13 Week Sprint Training

Plan. Beginner Triathlete.com.

Harr, E. (2003). Triathlon training in four hours a week: from beginner

to finish line in just six weeks. Rodale.

Hiller, W.D.B.; O'Toole, M.L.; Fortess, E.E.,; Laird, R.H.; Imbert, P.C. &

Training Programme) (30%)
Date/Time:

Strength/flexibility exercises test ubric (5%)

The instructor (NOT student) will choose 5 strength/flexibility exercises from the student's Written eport that the student states he will use over the 3-month hypothetical training period. The Instructor will ask the student to perform the exercises in turn and name the muscle(s) being stretched or strengthened. This is NOT a physically demanding test (only 1 repetition is performed).

Possible

Marks

Strength/flexibility exercise

Conducted exercise correctly

Correctly named muscles strengthened/stretched

Strength/flexibility exercise

Conducted exercise correctly

Correctly named muscles strengthened/stretched

Strength/flexibility exercise

Conducted exercise correctly

Correctly named muscles strengthened/stretched

Strength/flexibility exercise

Conducted exercise correctly

0.8

Correctly named muscles strengthened/stretched

0.2

Strength/flexibility exercise 5

Conducted exercise correctly

0.8

Correctly named muscles strengthened/stretched

0.2

TOTAL

(Total marks will be rounded down (not up). For instance, if you score 4.6, your TOTAL will be recorded as 4.0)

Section:

Date/Time:

Written eport (Strength and Flexibility Training Programme) ubric (25%)

Yes

No

Possible

Marks

Created motivating exercise title, filled out assigned Cover Page correctly, and attached ubric after Cover Page, but before Summary Page

1.0

Summary

Summarised the key features of the training…...

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References

CDC. (2013). Why strength training? Retrieved from CDC.gov:

 http://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/growingstronger/why/ 

Heart.org. (n.d.). Flexibility Exercises. Retrieved from heart.org:

 http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/More/CardiacRehab/Stretching-and-Flexibility -Exercises_UCM_307383_Article.jsp#

Glycogen Storage and Use
Exercise and diabetes: Beneficial effects

Diabetes is increasing in the United States and throughout the world due to the ever-growing adoption of an unhealthy lifestyle, including poor diet and lack of physical activity. Obesity is a characteristic often present in individuals with diabetes, and in order for the occurrences of diabetes to be reduced and the effects of diabetes to be minimized, efforts must be put in place to encourage weight loss and the maintenance of a healthy weight. It is expected that obesity and diabetes will reach epidemic proportions unless prompt action is taken to counteract these conditions (Albu & aja-Khan, 2003).

Lifestyle factors have been identified that are associated with glycemic control and body mass in individuals with diabetes. Grylls et al. (2003) found that reducing dietary saturated fat and excess body weight may be useful for improving glycemic control in older adults with diabetes. Moreover, a…...

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References

Albu, J. & Raja-Khan, N. (2003). The management of the obese diabetic patient. Primary Care, 30(2), 465-91.

Borghouts, L. & Keizer, H. (2000). Exercise and insulin sensitivity: A review. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 21(1), 1-12.

Casteneda, C., Layne, J., Munoz-Orians, L., Gordon, P., Walsmith, J., Foldvari, M., Roubenoff, R., Tucker, K., Nelson, M. (2002). A randomized controlled trial of resistance exercise training to improve glycemic control in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 25(12), 2335-41.

Cradock, S. (1997). The role of exercise in diabetes management. Community Nurse, 3(3), 23-4.

(Busch, Barber, Overend, Peloso, and Schachter, 2007, p. 8)
esults from this study relate a moderate quality evidence that aerobic-only exercise training at recommended intensity levels produces positive effects "global well-being (SMD 0.44, 95% confidence interval (CI 0.13 to 0.75) and physical function (SMD 0.68, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.95) and possibly on pain (SMD 0.94, 95% CI -0.15 to 2.03) and tender points (SMD 0.26, 95% CI -0.28 to 0.79)." esults noted that flexibility and strength and flexibility remain under assessed. (Busch, Barber, Overend, Peloso, and Schachter, 2007, pp. 11-13)

According to criteria Melnyk Fineout-Overholt (2005) present, this study is a Level II study. From the Cochrane review, the following relates what research notes regarding the effect of exercise for FMS:

moderate intensity aerobic training for 12 weeks may improve overall well-being slightly and physical function.; moderate intensity aerobic exercise probably leads to little or no difference in pain or tender…...

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References

Antai-Otong, Deborah, MS, APRN, BC, FAAN. (2005). "Depression and Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS): Pharmacologic Considerations." Perspectives in Psychiatric Care. Volume: 4, Issue 3, 146+. Retrieved April 29, 2008, at  http://www.questia.com/read/5011211783?title=Depression%20and%20Fibromyalgia% Syndrome%20(FMS)%3a%20Pharmacologic%20Considerations

Busch AJ, Barber KAR, Overend TJ, Peloso PMJ, Schachter CL. Exercise for treating fibromyalgia syndrome. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD003786. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003786.pub2.

Burckhardt, Carol S. Mannerkorpi, Hedenberg, Kaisa, Lars and Bjelle, Anders. (1994). A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial of Education and Physical Training for Women with Fibromyalgia. The Journal of Rheumatology; 11:4, 714-719

Costa1, D. Da., Abrahamowicz, M., Lowensteyn, I., Bernatsky, S., Dritsa1, M., Fitzcharles, a., and Dobki, P.L.. Advance Access Rheumatology; 19 July 2005, 44:1422

Obesity increases the risk for many fatal diseases, including cardiovascular disease, and is recorded in the United States, as being the second preventable leading cause of death (smoking is the first) (World Health Organization, 2000). One of the recommendations for weight-loss is exercise. The Consumer eport (2002), for instance, showed that exercising at least three times a week was a strategy that 73% of successful dieters shared (Brannon & Feist, 2007).
Many people, however get intimidated at the very thought of exercise due to the required self-discipline and immensity of the project. Then, too there is gym membership that is costly for the average working person, aside from which there is the element of time too. For someone, for instance a single mother whose life orbits around her job and her children, attending a gym would mean an hour less of work that she, patently, can barely afford to do. In…...

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References

Branon, L., & Feist, J. (2007). Health Psychology. USA: Thomson Wadsworth.

Hakim, A.A. et al. (1998). Effects of walking on mortality of nonsmoking retired men, New England Journal of Medicine, 338, 94-99.

Stofan, J.R., DePietro, L., Davis, D., Kohl, H., & Blaie, S.N. (1998) Physical activity patterns associcated with cardiorespiratory fitness. American Journal of Public Health, 88, 1807-1813.

World Health Organization. (2000). Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. WHO Technical Report Series, 894.

Proteins are often called the building blocks of life. In fact, the very word "protein" implies their importance in the body: it is a Greek word meaning "first place." Approximately fifty percent of the dry weight in animal cells is comprised of protein (Campbell 71). They play a roll in almost everything the body does and "are used for support, storage, transport of other substances, signaling from one part of the organism to another, movement, and defense against foreign substances." (Campbell 71). Proteins are essential to the proper functioning of every organism known to man.
The human genetic code holds the instructions for the making of over ten thousand different types of proteins; all with specific purposes. Additionally, "Proteins are the most structurally sophisticated molecules known." (Campbell 71). In comparison to other molecules, proteins are enormous and come in nearly every shape imaginable. However, despite their variety and size, proteins are…...

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Works Cited

1. Berning, Jacqueline R. And Suzanne Nelson Steen. Nutrition for Sport and Exercise. Gaithersburg: Aspen Publications, 1998.

2. Campbell, Neil A. And Jane B. Reece. Biology: Sixth Edition. New York: Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data, 2002.

3. Ronzio, Robert, PHD. The Encyclopedia of Nutrition and Good Health: Second Edition. New York: Facts On File Inc., 2003.

4. Ryan, Monique. Complete Guide to Sports Nutrition. Boulder: VELO Press, 1999.

ESPONSE TO COLLEAGUES 1esponses to Colleagues PostingsJuliana OThis posting focuses on a randomized controlled trial assessing the effectiveness of aerobic training and diet programs as compared to diet only programs on selected coagulation biomarkers and sex hormones among obese postmenopausal women. The findings indicate that balanced diet combined with aerobic exercises were more effective than diet programs only on coagulation factors and fibrinolytic biomarkers. Other studies validate this finding for instance, a study on postmenopausal women found that exercise only programs caused a 2.4 percent reduction in starting weight as compared to 8.5 percent for exercise and dietary combinations (Fred Hutchison Cancer esearch Center, 2011). However, as the writer acknowledges in their limitations, the studys focus on aerobic exercises only provides a narrow scope. In their study, Baak et al. (2021) found that studying the effects of exercise training alone was not enough. The study found that different types…...

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References Baak, M., Pramono, A., Battista, F.,…& Oppert, J. (2021). Effect of Different Types of Regular Exercise on Physical Fitness in Adults with Overweight or Obesity: Systematic Review and Meta Analysis. Obesity Reviews, 22(54), Doi: org/10.1111/obr.13239Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center (2011_. Diet Plus Exercise is More Effective for Weight Loss than Either Method Alone. Author. Retrieved from   J. M. (2003). Designing a Research Project: Randomized Controlled Trials and their Principles. Emergency Medicine Journal, 20(1), 164-68. Rosenstock, S., Ingalls, A., Cuddy, R., …& Barlow, A. (2020). Effect of a Home Visiting Intervention to Reduce Early Childhood Obesity among Native American Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatrics, 175(2), 133-42. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/04/110414141449.htm Kendall,

On his weight training days, I would encourage Jack to "shake up" his typical walk by instead doing two or three sessions weekly on a recumbent bicycle. Given Jack's weight and age, a recumbent bike would minimize stress on his joints while adding variety to his aerobic routine. Finally, in older adults in particular, flexibility is key. I would focus on stretches that do not require bending over (to prevent falling), but would spend at least five to ten minutes per session working on stretches that Jack could also perform at home while seated. During each session, I would frequently ask how Jack was feeling to make sure he was not pushing too far past his limits. ith older adults, checking how hard they feel they are working on a scale of one to ten (perceived exertion) helps to prevent injury or worse.
Jack's nutritional strategy would be key to…...

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Works Cited

"Beating Mindless Eating." Cornell University. 20 March 2011.

"Eight Functional Mobility Tests for Predicting Falls in Older People." Medscape.com. 20 March

2011.

"Physical Activity and Older Americans: Benefits and Strategies." Agency for Healthcare Research

Pregnancy
There are many positive effects of exercise during pregnancy. It can decrease the time it takes to get back into shape after giving birth. It may also decrease the amount of time spent in the hospital. In addition, it can increase Apgar scores and birth weight, as well as decrease discomfort during pregnancy. Women who exercise during pregnancy also find that they have less difficulty and length of labor. Research shows that exercise has many benefits for pregnant women.

However, as both exercise and pregnancy exert stresses on the body, the cumulative effects must be taken into consideration when analyzing the relationship between exercise and pregnancy. In general, research about this topic is sparse, and animal studies have presented conflicting findings. Chronic disorders such as diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease are the most obvious reasons to discourage persons at risk from intense rehabilitative exercising while pregnant. In addition, small or…...

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Bibliography

Araujo, David. (April, 1997). Expecting Questions About Exercise and Pregnancy? The Physician and Sports Medicine, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 67-69.

Kramer MS. (February 12, 2002). Aerobic exercise for women during pregnancy (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 1. Oxford: Update Software.

Smith, James. (1998). Exercise During Pregnancy. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.

South-Paul, J. Rajagopo, K. Tenholder, M. (1988). Exercise and Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol: 71:175-179.

Business (general)
Please list sections according to instructions

Exercise 1.1: eview of esearch Study and Consideration of Ethical Guidelines

Option 1: Stanford Prison Experiment

Go to: http://www.prisonexp.org, the official site for the Stanford Prison Experiment.

What do you think the research questions were in this study? List 2 or 3 possible research questions (in question format) that may have been the focus of this experiment.

What happens when you put good people in an evil place? Does humanity win over evil, or does evil triumph? Does natural or innate evil exist, or is evil situational? Are certain people simply born "bad apples" or are they made evil by "bad barrels"?

What is "reality" in a prison setting? This study is one in which an illusion of imprisonment was created, but when do illusions become real? How quickly and easily will 'ordinary men' adjust to the roles as prisoners, guards and administrators?

What is identity? Is there a core…...

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REFERENCES

Asby, M.D. And S.A. Miles (2002). Leaders Talk Leadership: Top Executives Speak their Minds. Oxford.

"Frederick W. Smith: The Entrepreneur Who Created an Industry." (2003). IBS Center for Management Research.  http://www.icmrindia.org/casestudies/catalogue/Leadership%20and%20Entrepreneurship/Frederick%20W%20Smith-The%20Entrepreneur-Leadership%20and%20Entrepreneurship.htm 

Holstein, W.J. (2007). "Fred Smith's Golden Rule for CEO's." BNet, November 19, 2007. http://www.bnet.com/blog/ceo/fred-smiths-golden-rule-for-ceos-be-selfless/1061 

Lussier, R.N. And C.F. Archua (2010). Leadership: Theory, Application and Skill Development. South-Western Cengage Learning.

Bernard B. Kerik offer a sobering view of the criminal justice system. Even Kerik, a veteran of several conservative administrations, notes that his experiences in prison convinced him that prison does little to rehabilitate prisoners, only hardens them. He also notes that the presumption of prosecutors in the criminal justice system is that offenders are guilty, not innocent until proven guilty, and this often results in violations of defendants' rights. After his own corruption scandals, Kerik takes a more chastised and compassionate view of individuals who commit crimes, noting that many of them have grown up in environments which have set them up for failure, not success. However, as the title of the article indicates, Kerik is also seeking to capitalize upon his former reputation as a criminal justice professional as well as the knowledge he has gained from an insider's perspective as an inmate, indicating that to some degree…...

athletic coach I have garnered a wide variety of skills, as well as an extensive understanding of the standard practices and procedures an individual in the field of exercise science should possess. My past experiences have provided me with substantial knowledge of the principles involved in the prevention and care of athletic injuries. With the following, I hope to illustrate that my experiences and subsequent research have provided me with a broad awareness of typical athletic injuries and treatments as they apply to exercise science.
When a member of my dance squad sprained her ankle it became necessary for me to tape it as to provide additional support. I employed the traditional Gibney basket weave procedure. This consists of an interwoven network of stirrup strips "which cover the plantar surface of the hindfoot and extend proximally on both the medial and lateral aspects of the leg, and horseshoe strips, which…...

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Bibliography

Boyle, Daniel J.M.D. Sports Medicine for Parents and Coaches. Washington D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1999.

Brown, Lee E. And Vance A. Ferrigno. Training for Speed, Agility, and Quickness. New York: Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data, 2000.

Garrick, James G.M.D. And Peter Radetsky, Ph.D. Anybody's Sports Medicine Book. Toronto: Ten Speed Press, 2000.

Levy, Allan M.M.D. And Mark L. Fuerst. Sports Injury Handbook. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1993.