Adult education has two branches. One can be called the purpose of education and the other can be named the practice of education. Many times it happens that in a practical set up the difference between the purpose and practice of adult education results in some sort of tensions in the working area. Tension does not necessarily mean that a problem arises that cannot be solved but it just means that the people who have been educated in a particular way and have been trained with a certain purpose of education do not find the same purpose being implemented in the place where they work. This is when these people become confused and they are unable to perform their job to the fullest.
Adult education and learning has changed over time in many parts of the world including Australia. The proposed model for adult education that was being practiced for primary,…...
mlaBibliography
Australian National Training Authority (ANTA) (1999). Resource for the Training Package: Assessment and Workplace Training BSZ98, ANTA: Victoria.
Brew, J.M. (1946) Informal Education. Adventures and reflections, London: Faber.
Brockett, R.G. And Hiemstra, R. (1991) Self-Direction in Adult Learning. Perspectives on theory, research and practice, London: Routledge.
Haycock, John (2007). In search of an educational theory informing practice in TAFE: a case study of one pre-vocational adult educator. Monash University.
Education - Theory
Adult Education Theories
Adult educations philosophies are fashioned in order to scope and characterize the process of individual educators. Teaching adults is way more sophisticated than teaching children due to a difference in life contexts. Consequently, adult education philosophies are essential in terms of directing and assisting oth adult learners and educators. It conceptualizes and clarifies adult's ehaviors and thoughts when they are in the learning environment. Adult learners learn ased on their life circumstances and the change of awareness or viewpoint. Adult education philosophy is one of the good ways to recognize the est methods of teaching adult learners. Educators are divided into a variety of types of characteristics ased on their viewpoint of adult education (Galraith, 2004).
Adults learn etter in a non-aggressive environment where they can work together with others and where they are in control of their learning course. They are more motivated when they otain…...
mlabibliography/chapter17.html
Zinn, L.M. (1990). Identifying your philosophical orientation. In M.W. Galbraith (Ed.),
Adult learning methods. (pp. 39-56). Malabar, FL: Krieger Publishing Company.
Historians are interested in a multitude of forces of influences that have led to the creation of the present status-quo and the history professors are focused on presenting those particular forces in a way that is understanding and relevant to the citizens of the contemporaneous society.
3. Does knowing our history even matter?
Definitely yes! In the words of the author, "Because human development is a continuous process in which the present is informed by both the known past and the projected future, adult education professionals must have a knowledge and understanding of the history of their field" (Thompson). Otherwise put, in order to best understand and adapt to the world today, we need to be familiar with the features that have influenced its past, how have certain conflicts become resolved and are certain situations prone to occur again or have they been eliminated for good? In all, we need history…...
mlaReference:
Thompson, Adult Education Programs and Activities in the United States: Toward a Balanced History
BMCC: Provider of Adult Education
The BMCC Center for Continuing Education and Workforce Development through the City of New York offers a wide variety of classes in business management, career planning, personal development, and English language development. Career training classes offer programs in construction, real estate and computer software; business management offers classes in project management, entrepreneurship and finance; career planning offers assistance to people who need to develop interview or resume-writing skills; personal development offers classes in modern languages and local history; and ESL offers help with second language development and college preparation. The tuition rates vary depending upon the class that is being taken. Some of the classes are free of charge, such as the ACT Math, eading and Writing workshops that are designed for college students who need help with basic college skills. Other courses are reasonably priced, such as "Writing an Effective esume & Cover Letter," which…...
mlaReferences
BMCC: Center for Continuing Education & Workforce Development. (n.d.). Retrieved April 24, 2010 from http://www.bmcc.cuny.edu/ce/
Grubb, R. Hemby, K., & Conerly-Stewart, D. (1998). Adult Education and Human Resource Development: A Symbiotic Relationship? PAACE Journal of Lifelong Learning, (7), 57-66. Retrieved April 24, 2010 from http://www.coe.iup.edu/ace/PAACE%20Journal%20PDF/PDF1998/Grubb%20et%20al1998.pdf
Merriam, S. (1984). Adult Development: Implications for Adult Education. National Center for Research in Vocational Education. Retrieved April 23, 2010 from http://www.ericdigests.org/pre-921/development.htm
Unger, W. (1977). Book Review: The Modern Practice of Adult Education. Direction, (6)1, 33-35. Retrieved April 24, 2010 from http://www.directionjournal.org/article/?228
Moreover, I would have expected a review of the past ten years of Adult Education Quarterly to reveal a dramatic increase in submissions related directly to the impact of technology on distance adult learning. As Taylor brings up the importance of international voices in the AEQ, educators are realizing the need for international curricula if not student bodies. What Taylor found in a 1989 to 1999 content analysis was not surprising, given the temporal and historical context of the research. For example, a gentle rise in the numbers of published female-authored articles is not surprising but the discrepancy between female-authored submissions and acceptances remains disturbing. Research conducted today would, or at least should, reveal less gender bias in admissions.
The ten-year survey should have yielded more dramatic shifts in the breadth of subject areas covered by authors, or at least those admitted by the editors at AEQ. Adult education is…...
mla2.What you would have expected in a 10-year survey of research in our field (Adult Education)?
Taylor's content analysis was conducted before technology became integral to adult education. A ten-year content analysis conducted now would show far more submissions related to the role of technology in adult education. Moreover, I would have expected a review of the past ten years of Adult Education Quarterly to reveal a dramatic increase in submissions related directly to the impact of technology on distance adult learning. As Taylor brings up the importance of international voices in the AEQ, educators are realizing the need for international curricula if not student bodies. What Taylor found in a 1989 to 1999 content analysis was not surprising, given the temporal and historical context of the research. For example, a gentle rise in the numbers of published female-authored articles is not surprising but the discrepancy between female-authored submissions and acceptances remains disturbing. Research conducted today would, or at least should, reveal less gender bias in admissions.
The ten-year survey should have yielded more dramatic shifts in the breadth of subject areas covered by authors, or at least those admitted by the editors at AEQ. Adult education is one of the most exciting areas within the rubric of educational studies. I would have expected more papers published on educational philosophies, given the scope of changes that might occur over ten years of publication. Similarly, more papers on assessment methods would have been expected, given the unique needs of adult learners. Addressing the needs of adult learners cannot be accomplished by focusing on a handful of core subjects. Adult learners hail from various ethnic and linguistic backgrounds, and those backgrounds might impact learning. Gender and diversity are becoming more important as areas of specialization in research in adult education, as Taylor pointed out. However, gender and diversity issues may become more embedded into general topic areas.
Bergevin's Philosophy of Adult Education
According to Bergevin, three important points of adult education are to help the learner achieve a degree of personal satisfaction, help the learner to better understand their strengths and weaknesses, and help the learner understand the importance of lifelong learning. Bergevin also suggests that opportunities need to be available for learners to continue the spiritual and vocational maturation process, as well as opportunities to pursue education in areas where the individual may be lacking vital employment or survival skills. These points sum up my philosophy of adult education. My point-of-view is that everyone, regardless of their age, should strive to become a lifelong learner. This does not mean that everyone needs to keep attending college classes until they die of old age; this approach would not be either cost-effective or practical. However, everyone should continue to acquire new information, to make up for their areas of…...
mlaReferences
Adult Education. (n.d.). Retrieved April 25, 2010 from Educationhttp://acru.tuke.sk/doc/Prez_Barbara/2-PrinciplesofAdultEducation.ppt#296,1,Adult
Knowles, M., Holton, E. & Swanson, R. (2005). The Adult Learner (6th ed.). Burlington, MA: Elsevier. Retrieved April 25, 2010 from http://books.google.com/books?id=J6qGsHBj7nQC&pg=PR1&dq=The+adult+learner+6th&cd=1#v=onepage&q=The%20adult%20learner%206th&f=true
Adult Education in Contemporary Society
Ultimately, adult education improves society and the individual at the same time. Hal Beder's studies indicate that most adult learners believe they have improved themselves and their employment after completing adult education courses. This improves the individual, giving them better job opportunities, more confidence in themselves and their abilities, and better skills to help take care of themselves and their families. However, a better-educated society is a more productive and successful society. Many of the readings and statistics show that there are still a remarkable number of people who have not completed high school in our country (I believe the number was 40% according the Census Bureau). This is startling, because it is such a high number. Many of these people are productive members of society, but they struggle with issues like poverty and hunger, simply because they do not have the education or skills to…...
In the work they review several burgeoning adult learning sites that can be accessed via the WWW.andhow they as a group and individually are changing the outlook of adult education, on a basic and continuing education level. Learners are seeking technology-based learning to decrease time expended as well as increase the flexibility of the learning experience, so their lives as wage earners in a family are only limitedly interrupted. The authors of the work are staunch advocated of technology in adult education and show their bias here by stressing the many positive aspects of applying technology to the adult classroom and the alternative adult learning environment. The most important content of this brief article is the emphasis of net-based research tools that review adult learning technology cites on a regular basis, allowing the learner to "shop" for the one that best meets his or her needs (www.thirteen.org/wnetschool).
Hopey, C. (1999).…...
mlaDonlevy & Donlevy, two prolific writers on the topic of adult education, discuss in this article the implications of the internet on adult learning. In the work they review several burgeoning adult learning sites that can be accessed via the WWW.andhow they as a group and individually are changing the outlook of adult education, on a basic and continuing education level. Learners are seeking technology-based learning to decrease time expended as well as increase the flexibility of the learning experience, so their lives as wage earners in a family are only limitedly interrupted. The authors of the work are staunch advocated of technology in adult education and show their bias here by stressing the many positive aspects of applying technology to the adult classroom and the alternative adult learning environment. The most important content of this brief article is the emphasis of net-based research tools that review adult learning technology cites on a regular basis, allowing the learner to "shop" for the one that best meets his or her needs (www.thirteen.org/wnetschool).
Hopey, C. (1999). Technology and Adult Education: RISING EXPECTATIONS. Adult Learning, 10(4), 26.
Hopey, stresses that the adult education environment has been forever altered with regard to the advancement and availability of technology. The work is essentially a brief overview of the entrance of technology into the adult classroom and what the essential causes of it are. The author stresses that the number one causation of adult education technology-based learning is the essential assumption by educators and students alike that such technology has nearly exponential potential to the learner and the classroom, and should therefore be supported and utilized, even if that means working through developmental bugs in systems. The most essential information within this work is the acknowledgement that educational technology has the potential to increase the ability of many adult learners to attain education they might never have been able to prior to its introduction and that meeting this goal should be the intention when seeking new technology platforms for the adult classroom.
(2005) the needs of adult students are of a unique nature and include: (1) institutional flexibility in curricular and support services; (2) academic and motivational advising supportive of their life and career goals; and (3) recognition of previously obtained experience- and work-based learning. This work states eight principles along with their definitions and include the principles of: (1) outreach; (2) life and career planning; (3) financing; (4) assessment of learning outcomes; (5) teacher-learning process; (6) student support systems; (7) technology; and (8) strategic partnerships.
4) Research-ased Principles - Adult asic Education Reading Instruction (2002) Partnership for Reading. The National Institute for Literacy. 2002.
The Reading Research Working Group (RRWG) is a panel of experts on adult reading research and practice which was established by the National Institute for Literacy in cooperation with the National Center for the Study of Adult Learning and Literacy and is part of the efforts of the…...
Sternberg's definition of analytical or componential intelligence includes using higher-order thinking processes to obtain and retain knowledge. The creative or experiential component involves the ability to synthesize information and make connections. Finally, the practical or contextual aspect of intelligence involves using the information in the real world. He warns that many so-called intelligent people fail because they are unmotivated, they are unable to persevere, or they cannot control their impulses or desires for immediate gratification. He claims that the only authentic measure of intelligence is practical success.
In the context of adult education, adults must be able to utilize all of these components to be successful at a learning task. They must be able to not only obtain knowledge, but retain the information that they have learned. This often involves the use of higher-order thinking skills such as questioning, analysis and evaluation. They must be able to connect the information they…...
mlaReferences
Knowles, M., Holton, E. & Swanson, R. (2005). The Adult Learner (6th ed.). Burlington, MA: Elsevier. Retrieved April 25, 2010 from http://books.google.com/books?id=J6qGsHBj7nQC&pg=PR1&dq=The+adult+learner+6th&cd=1#v=onepage&q=The%20adult%20learner%206th&f=true
Livingston, J. (2003). Metacognition: An Overview. Retrieved April 25, 2010 from http://www.julianhermida.com/metacognition.pdf
Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence. (2004). Retrieved April 25, 2010 from http://wilderdom.com/personality/L2-2SternbergTriarchicTheory.html#Overview
Wirth, K. & Perkins, D. (2008, September). Learning to Learn. Retrieved April 25, 2010 from http://www.macalester.edu/geology/wirth/learning.pdf
Perry (2006), expresses that heightened states of arousal can actually be negative when combined with the necessary atmosphere for proper adult learning.
3. What evidence of socio-centric tendencies do you find in either perspective? Support your findings with specific examples. There are numerous societal aspects found in both readings. Merriam (2005) expresses that life events i.e. divorce and have either a negative or a positive effect on the adult learner. Perry (2006) relates difficulties more to a cognitive level than does Merriam. Although both writers do express those life events, have an impact on learning and ability regardless of if the effect is negative or positive. All life events will have an impact; this is true for both writings. However, Perry (2006) is the only one that appears to believe that even positive events can in fact cause a negative outcome in the adult learning dynamic.
esources
Merriam, S. (2005). How adult…...
mlaResources
Merriam, S. (2005). How adult life transitions foster learning and development. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 108, 3?€"13. Retrieved January 15, 2008, from Ebscohost.
Perry, B.D. (2006). Fear and learning: Trauma-related factors in the adult education process. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 110, 21-27. Retrieved January 15, 2008 from Ebscohost.
Learning communities need to be established, led by nongovernmental organizations, churches, women's groups, public schools, and others from a diversity of each society that engages in adult learning.
Meantime, global capitalism's forces have fully "infiltrated universities" and have "incorporated" global thinking into a great deal of adult education as well; hence, professor Peter Jarvis asserts that traditional adult education necessarily must develop a new approach to "counteracting the forces of consumerism" (Jarvis, 2008, p. 12). The author spends considerable time referencing globalization and the consumer society before outlining his take on adult education. In discussing adult education Jarvis makes a pertinent and salient point: since adult education has been "incorporated into the dominant system" there is a danger for those in adult education that have been "sitting in the sidelines of society for a long time" to be blown away by becoming part of the mainstream of education (Jarvis, 23).…...
mlaWorks Cited
Giraldo, Monica Arboleda. (2007). Dreaming of Holistic Adult Education in 2020. Adult
Learning, 18(3/4), 14-19.
Gois, William. (2007). Migration and Adult Education. Convergence, XL (3.4), 217-224.
Holst, John D. (2004). Globalization and Education Within Two Revolutionary Organizations
A better case scenario would be to lower the prices on the programs that are hard for students to afford, in an attempt to gain larger enrollments, thus fill the classes, and still make a profit. Another solution would be to offer scholarships or some sort of funding, through donations and grants, to help offset the costs for students who are less able to pay for certain programs. Instead of raising the price on the big-ticket programs, try to keep costs down in other ways, such as bringing in free speakers and other elements that keep the costs down, so they are able to offer programs that meet the educations needs of the students but still turn a profit for the institution. Another idea would be to produce more big-ticket programs that appeal to a broader audience, so they produce more of a profit without raising prices, which would…...
mlaReferences
Brockett, Ralph G. And Hiemstra, Roger. "Philosophical and Ethical Considerations." 115-131.
In Level 1 almost all of the adults can read a little but not well enough to fill out an application, read a food label, or read a simple story to a child. Adults in Level 2 usually can perform more complex tasks such as comparing-contrasting, or integrating pieces of information but usually not higher-level reading and problem-solving skills. Adults in levels 3 through 5 usually can perform the same types of more complex tasks with increasing length and subject matter (Ibid).
Very few adults are completely illiterate; they simply fall into the lower levels of literacy. Between 21 and 23% of the adult population or approximately 44 million people, according to the National Adult Literacy Survey (NALS), scored in Level 1. Another 25-28% of the adult population, or between 45 and 50 million people, scored in Level 2. Literacy experts believe that adults with skills at Levels 1 and…...
mlaREFERENCES
Ardila, a., et.al. (2000). "Learning to Read is More than Learning to Read."
International Neurophsycological Society. 6(7): 789-801.
Baker, J. (2008). "Illiteracy in America." WordPress. Cited in:
http://trivani.wordpress.com/2008/07/13/illiteracy-in-america/
Adult Learner Typologies
There are four types of adult learner typologies. They include:
Type I or Independent adult education organizations - These exist solely to teach adult learners, and they would include institutions such as the University of Phoenix. They target adults, often with degrees, who want to change careers, need continuing education, or want to finish degrees, and they offer a variety of courses, mostly in business, but in other areas, as well. Content addressed includes everything from degree programs to individual courses for students finishing up their degrees.
Type II or Educational institutions -- These institutions include higher educational and primary and secondary schools that also offer adult education. They are primarily for young people, but they do serve adults in at least some capacity. An example of this would be a high school that also offers evening classes for parents, such as ESL classes, computing classes or other vocational types…...
mlaReferences
Editors. (2009). Participation. Retrieved 4 Dec. 2009 from the National Center for Education Statistics Web site: http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d08/tables/dt08_370.asp .
Smith, C.B. (2009). Self-directed learning. Retrieved 4 Dec. 2009 at the University of Indiana Web site: http://www.indiana.edu/~reading/ieo/digests/d169.html .
I. Introduction
A. Definition of community-based services
B. Importance of registration and inspection in ensuring quality and safety
II. Types of community-based services subject to UK registration and inspection
A. Healthcare services
1. Home care agencies
2. Community nursing services
B. Social care services
1. Day care centers
2. Supported living accommodations
C. Education and training services
1. Adult education centers
2. After-school programs
III. Registration process for community-based services in the UK
A. Requirements for registration
1. Evidence of qualifications and experience
2. Criminal background checks
B. Application process
1. Submission of application form
2. Site visit and assessment by regulatory body
IV. Inspection process for community-based services in the UK
A. Role of regulatory bodies in conducting inspections
1.....
Academic and Social Practices for Community Upliftment
Introduction
Empowering communities requires a holistic approach that incorporates both academic and social practices. These practices can foster knowledge, skills, and social connections necessary for sustainable development and well-being. This essay explores how academic and social practices can contribute to community upliftment, providing specific examples and outlining their transformative potential.
Academic Practices
Education and Training:
Providing access to quality education and vocational training equips individuals with the knowledge and skills to pursue fulfilling careers and contribute to the local economy.
Community colleges, adult education programs, and job training initiatives can offer flexible and relevant educational opportunities for....
Addressing the Root Causes of Poverty and Homelessness: A Multifaceted Approach
Poverty and homelessness are complex societal issues with deep-seated root causes that require a multifaceted approach to address effectively. By addressing the underlying factors that contribute to these problems, society can create lasting change and empower individuals to break the cycle of poverty and homelessness.
1. Affordable Housing:
One of the primary causes of homelessness is the lack of affordable housing. Governments and nonprofits need to invest in the construction and maintenance of affordable housing units to provide stable shelter for those who cannot afford market-rate housing. Additionally, rent control measures can....
Literature Review: Assess the Influence of Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory on Performance, Focusing on Various Educational Settings, Such as Higher Education and Employee Training
Introduction
David Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory (ELT) has significantly influenced education and training practices, particularly in higher education and employee development. This literature review delves into the impact of ELT on performance in these settings, examining empirical studies and theoretical perspectives.
ELT in Higher Education
Enhanced Learning: ELT promotes active engagement and hands-on experiences, leading to improved retention and understanding. Students are able to directly apply concepts and theories, fostering deeper learning. (Kolb & Kolb, 2005)
Skill Development: Practical....
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
Get Started Now