adaptive leadership. It will explore the major adaptive challenges faced by organizational leaders in the workplace, and means to overcome them. It will also delve into how a firm's adaptive capacity may be enhanced.
The Adaptive Challenge

The firm studied in this paper has employees of diverse identities and natures, hailing from different places with different values and beliefs; thus, the company demonstrates a kaleidoscope of thoughts and ideas. An attempt at balancing this varying set of personalities could be burdensome to any organization. Hence, we will seek a means to enable the workforce to work as one strong team, in spite of their differences. Thus, an adaptive company environment will be sought (Paper @ Document Provided By Customer), which would display how the firm would manage an environment that has employees from around the globe.

Current State of Organization Adaptation

Of late, it has proven very challenging to identify any particular individual…...

mla

References

Heifertz, R., Linsky, M., & Grashow, A. (2009). Build an Adaptive Culture: Key Tactics for Improving the Organization's Ability to Tackle Adaptive Challenges. The Practice of Adaptive Leadership: Tools and Tactics for Changing Your Organization and the World (pp. 181-23). Harvard Business Press.

Kaplan, S. (n.d.). InnovationPoint - Strategic Innovation Consulting, Strategy Development & Keynote Speaking. Innovation Metrics for Business Leadership and Growth. Retrieved August 11, 2015, from  http://www.innovation-point.com/innovationmetrics.htm 

Kotter, J., & Cohen, D. (2002). The Heart of Change: Real-Life Stories of How People Change Their Organizations. Harvard Business Review Press.

Paper 2 Document Provided By Customer

Leadership
At the core of leadership is the interaction between the leader and the follower. Much of leadership theory can be understood in terms of how leaders and followers interact and what the underlying assumptions are with respect to the roles and nature of leadership. Because of the many different types of leaders, and successful examples thereof, leadership scholarship has developed multiple branches that seek to explain leadership, but no one branch has yet proved definitive. Instead of understanding leadership through a single paradigm, and it better to understand it in terms of multiple paradigms, and different leadership theories can be applied to the same situation, and any given leader might apply multiple leadership styles at the same time.

Part of the appeal of leadership scholarship is that it encompasses so many unique academic disciplines. Leadership scholarship began life as in business schools but has been studied in the psychological and sociological…...

mla

References

Avolio, B., Walumbwa, F. & Weber, T. (2009). Leadership: Current theories, research and future directions. Annual Review of Psychology. Vol. 60 (2009) 421-449.

Boyatzis, R., Smith, M., & Blaize, N. (2006). Developing sustainable leaders through coaching and compassion. Academy of Management Learning & Education. Vol. 5 (1) 8-24.

Falk, S. & Rogers, S. (2011). Junior military officer retention: Challenges & opportunities. Harvard University. In possession of the author.

Kocolowski, M. (2010). Shared leadership: Is it time for a change? Emerging Leadership Journeys. Vol. 3 (1) 22-32.

Leadership and Change Management
Consider a change that has been recently introduced in your organization. Using relevant change and leadership theories, critically analyze the benefits and problems that introduction of this change has brought. TO WHAT EXTENT HAS LEADERSHIP CONTRIUTED TO THE RESULTS OF THIS PROCESS?

RasgGas is a joint venture gas company between Qatar Petroleum, the State of Qatar's national oil and gas company (majority stakeholder), and ExxonMobil, an American Integrated Oil and Gas company. The company is about fifteen years old and has been involved in all aspect of exploration, development, production, liquefaction and marketing of gas from the North Field. RasGas is a major contributor to the State of Qatar's worldwide leadership in the production and marketing of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) export. The company has utilized technologies to drill high capacity gas well and build the largest and most efficient liquefaction trains in the world. These technologies and…...

mla

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Brisson-Banks, C.V. 2010. "Managing Change and Transitions: A Comparison of Different Models and the Commonalities." Library Management, Vol. 31, No. 4/5, pp.241-52.

Brown, A.D. 1994. "Implementing MRPII: Leadership Rites and Cognitive Change." Logistics Informational Management, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 6-11.

Drew, S. And C. Coulson-Thomas 1996. "Transformation through Teamwork: The Path to the New Organization?" Managerial Decision, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 7-17.

Eisenbach, R. et al. 1999. "Transformational Leadership in the Context of Organizational Change." Journal of Organizational Change Management, Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 80-88.

" (nd) Adaptive leaders do not simply come up with something or make it up as they go but adaptive leaders "create from the base of intent, visions, goals, and personal preconditions that are fixed and unchanging." (yrum, nd) yrum goes further to state that adaptive leadership "requires courage, conviction, and faith in the capacity to work with others and make situations better. There are 'spiritual' dimensions of leadership that transcend logic and reason. Adaptive leadership certainly requires competency, but it also requires a genius of judgment and encounters unprecedented situations not as a passive victim but as an energetic and active creator. Adaptive leaders will capture people's attention, command their best energies..." (yrum, nd) yrum states that adaptive leaders give "old cliches a new meaning: "Success is a journey, not a destination"; "What matters most is where we are moving, not where we stand." (nd) yrum states that adaptive…...

mla

Bibliography

Bloom, Benjamin (1956) Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals. New York: Longmans, 1956).

Albano, Charles (1999) Adaptive Leadership. Leader Values. Online available at http://www.leader-values.com/Content/detail.asp?ContentDetailID=17

Vandergriff, Donald E Major (2006) Adaptive Leaders Course (ALC) Teaching Old Dogs New Tricks - White Paper Coordinating Draft - a Proposed 'Addendum' to the Capstone Concept U.S. Army Capabilities Integration Center (Forward) 10 May 2006. Online available at  http://www.projectwhitehorse.com/pdfs/6.%20Adaptability_Teaching_Old_Dogs_New_Tricks.pdf 

Byrum, C. Stephen (nd) Adaptive Work: The Challenge of Modern Leadership. Signal Mountain, Tennessee. The Byrum Consulting Group, LLC. Online available at http://www.spirit4greatness.com/admin/fileupload/articles/adaptivework.pdf

Part 1 History of Modern Leadership Studies Since 1900
The evolution of modern leadership studies begins with the Great Man Theory, which originated in the 19th century and carried over into the 20th century. It came about as people looked at the world’s greatest leaders who stood out from the run of the mill individuals of their time and made a significant difference upon the course of human history. Individuals like George Washington, or Abraham Lincoln or Napoleon Bonaparte—they were seen as Great Men who were born with something special that made them into great leaders. The idea was promoted by Thomas Carlyle (1888) and other writers, such as Herbert Spencer (1896), who added his own twist on the theory by arguing that Great Men were as much products of their own day and age as anything else. Great Man Theory got the ball rolling in leadership studies, and out of it…...

mla

References

Avolio, B. J., & Gardner, W. L. (2005). Authentic leadership development: Getting to the root of positive forms of leadership. The leadership quarterly, 16(3), 315-338. Badshah, S. (2012). Historical study of leadership theories. Journal of Strategic Human Resource Management, 1(1), 49.

Carlyle, T. (1888). On Heroes, Hero-Worship and the Heroic in History, NY: Fredrick A. Stokes & Brother.

Chaleff, I. (2015). Intelligent disobedience. ILA Member Connector.

DeRue, D. S. (2011). Adaptive leadership theory: Leading and following as a complex adaptive process. Research in organizational behavior, 31, 125-150.

Ghasabeh, M. S., Soosay, C., & Reaiche, C. (2015). The emerging role of transformational leadership. The Journal of Developing Areas, 49(6), 459-467.

Gibson, J. W., & Blackwell, C. W. (1999). Flying high with Herb Kelleher: a profile in charismatic leadership. Journal of leadership studies, 6(3-4), 120-137.

Katz, R. L. (1955). Skills of an effective administrator. Harvard Business Review, 33 (1), 33-42.

Lewin, K., Lippitt, R. & White, R.K. (1939). Patterns of aggressive behavior in experimentally created social climates. Journal of Social Psychology 10: 271–301.

Leadership effectiveness is a measure of the success with which leaders guide organizations toward the achievement of their goals. The application of leadership effectiveness can vary significantly depending on the context, ranging from corporate settings to non-profit organizations, and from small teams to large multinational enterprises. Key factors that influence leadership effectiveness include the leader's traits and behaviors, the characteristics of followers, the nature of the tasks being performed, and the organizational and environmental context (Northouse, 2018).
One of the primary models used to understand leadership effectiveness is the trait approach, which suggests that certain individuals have inborn characteristics that predispose them to be effective leaders. esearchers have identified traits such as intelligence, self-confidence, determination, integrity, and sociability as being positively correlated with successful leadership (Kirkpatrick and Locke, 1991). However, while the trait approach offers insight into potential leadership qualities, it does not account for situational variables that can significantly impact…...

mla

References

Albrecht, K. (2006). Social Intelligence: The New Science of Human Relationships. John Wiley & Sons.

Bass, B. M. (1999). Two Decades of Research and Development in Transformational Leadership.

Bennis, W., & Nanus, B. (1985). Leaders: Strategies for Taking Charge. HarperCollins.

Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. Harper & Row.

Leadership
Technical, interpersonal, and conceptual skills

Interpersonal skills entail knowing how to interact with others. No employee desires to have a boss who is inconsiderate or rude or one who has poor human skills. All these could reduce productivity and employee morale. Managers with effective human skills tend to have subordinates who have positive attitudes and strong desires to increase productivity. Managers are always expected in any organization to have harmonious relationships with those below them like supervisors, peers, and subordinates (Yukl, 2012).

Conceptual skills refer to an individual's aptitude to formulate ideas. These skills include formulating abstractions, thinking creatively, understanding issues, solving problems, and analyzing complex situations. Within the business context, these skills are viewed as integral prerequisites for top executive positions. Conceptual skills differ from technical skills and interpersonal skills. The three types of skills assume vital roles for certain purposes and in certain situations. However, conceptual skills hoist the widest…...

mla

References

Phillips, D. T (1993). Lincoln on Leadership: Executive Strategies for Tough Times. Warner Books, Inc.

Yukl, G.A. (2012). Leadership in Organizations. 8th Ed. Boston, MA: Pearson Education

They become mired in the emergency phase of crisis management.
The authors contend that because of this, leaders may fall into the trap of "hunkering down" and try to solve problems with short-term fixes such as tightening controls, across-the-board cuts, and restructuring plans. Leadership will turn to what they know how to do in order to reduce frustration and quell their own and others' fears. Their primary mode will be drawing on familiar expertise to help their organizations weather the storm.

The article suggests that in order to avoid this trap that leaders practice adoptive leadership. Adoptive leadership calls for seizing the opportunity of moments like the current one to promote organizational change. The turbulence of the present can be used to build on and bring closure to the past. In the process, key rules of the game are changed and parts of the organization are reshaped as the work people…...

mla

References

Heifetz, R., Grashow, a. & Linsky, M. (2009, July). Leadership in a (permanent) crisis. Havard business review. Retrieved March 19, 2012, from  http://hbr.org/2009/07/leadership-in-a-permanent-crisis/ar/1

According to Blass, et al., writing in Human Resources Management, the best way to acquire political skills, is through the mentoring process. The inexperienced individual who has a desire to become a leader in the HR field must have a mentor who is "…armed with organizational experience" that is borne of "vicarious and firsthand experience" and is willing to share "insights and cues with proteges on what it takes to be successful in the organization" (Blass, et al., 2007, p. 6). Mentors must be able to have an "adaptive capacity" to teach the political skills necessary to lead, Blass continues.
Politically skilled individuals generally possess "greater adaptive capacity," Blass continues, which can result in "positive and strong leader reputation" (p. 6). Moreover, Blass argues that individuals with well-honed political skills gain "influence" because they are socially astute, have learned adaptability, and adjust behaviors "to meet situational demands" (p. 11).

A third…...

mla

Works Cited

Blass, Fred R. And Ferris, Gerald R. (2007). Leader Reputation: The Role of Mentoring, Political

Skill, Contextual Learning, and Adaptation. Human Resource Management, 46(1), 5-19.

Choo, Ho Geok. (2007). Leadership and the Workforce in Singapore: Evaluations by the Singapore Human Resources Institute. Research and Practice in Human Resource

Management, 15(2), 104-114.

Set direction by framing the key questions, protecting by managing the rate of change, orienting by defining realities and key values, and instilling conflict as a means to creativity.

The leader must be emotionally capable to withstand uncertainty, frustration and anxiety in order to communicate confidence."(Ronald A Heifetz and Donald L. Laurie) successful leadership is one under which not only the economy flourishes but the inter-relationships of workers are improved and their potential is fully utilized and rewarded.

Each leader has his own individual style to bring about the progress and prosperity of those working under him. It is however absolutely essential to understand that even in the corporate world today to lead is not to control but to provide support to the people so that they can solve their own problems. This kind of teamwork helps in instilling self-confidence and promoting collective gain instead of individual gains.

A leader must allow a…...

mla

Bibliography

Ronald A Heifetz and Donald L. Laurie. The work of leadership. Harvard Business Review. 1997. 2

Adaptive Management
Adaptive Project Management

Adaptive management is a structured and systematic process for continually improving decisions, management policies, and practices by learning from the outcomes of decisions previously taken (Intaver Institute, N.d.). The model was originally developed by ecologists who were trying to explain how life adapts to various changes to their environment. However, the model was eventually tailored to different leadership and management theories because the model had certain advantages in explaining how things can adapt to a dynamic environment. This allows projects the ability to make a plan that has an inherent amount of flexibility built into the plan itself. This approach seems to work extremely well in projects that are operating in a volatile environment.

It is argued that traditional project management technics have many issues adapting to a dynamic environment (Shenhar & Divir, 2007). Although traditional project management does make provisions for change management in the event that…...

mla

Works Cited

Intaver Institute. (N.d.). Adaptive Project Management. Retrieved from Intaver Institute Inc.:  http://www.intaver.com/Articles/Article_AdaptativeProjectManagement.pdf 

McCarthy, I., Tsinopoulous, C., Allen, P., & Rose-Anderson, C. (2006). New Product Development as a Complex Adaptive System of Decisions. The Journal of Product Innovation Management, 437-456.

Shenhar, A., & Divir, D. (2007). Reinventing Project Management: The Diamond Approach To Successful Growth And Innovation. Boston: Harvard Business Press.

The self-organization concept refers to the identity, vision, mission, and values of the organization. An organization's identity includes current interpretations of its history, present decisions and activities, and its sense of its future. It is the identity that provides the capacity for evolution and self-organization.

To hold the organization together for an identity, the free-flow of information is considered important. Only when information belongs to everyone in the organization, people begin to organize rapidly and effectively around customers, competitors, and environments (Stewart and Manz, 1995). It is that creates the conditions for the emergence of fast, well-integrated, and effective responses. Also, free flow of information brings together members of an organization for solving the organizational problems (Ashby, 1969). Beyond that, customers become the stakeholders that help in refinement of the organization.

Therefore, one of the prime concerns for leaders become that they avoid the barriers that create hindrance in information flow within…...

mla

References

1. Ashby, W.R. (1969). Self-regulation and requisite variety. In Emery, F.E. (Ed.), Systems Thinking, Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.

2. Ashkenas, R., Ulrich, D., Jick, T. And Kerr, S. (2001). The Boundaryless Organization, San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

3. Cherns, a. (1987). Principles of socio-technical design revisited. Human Relations, Vol. 40, pp. 153-62.

4. Cummings, T. (1978). Self-regulating work groups: a socio-technical synthesis. Academy of Management Review, Vol. 3, pp. 625-34.

History of leadership Leadership has for long been the centre of focus for many organizational and psychological researches. The terms “leader” and “leadership” have quite a wide gap regarding their coming into existence. “Leader” came to being in the early 1300s whereas “leadership” surfaced centuries later in 1700s (Stogdill, 1974). Scientific research on leadership started far much later in the twentieth century (Bass, 1981). From then on, research on the topic has intensified. This essay seeks to track the changes in the definitions of leadership from the turn of the 20th century up to the present.
The evolution of leadership definitions
Defining leadership has not been that easy for scholars and practitioners. It is now more than a hundred years since academicians started researching on leadership. Through this period, the definition of leadership has undergone numerous changes. Factors such as the prevailing politics, world affairs and people’s perceptions have been responsible for this…...

Authentic Leadership Questionnaire measures leadership capacity across four different areas. These are self-awareness, internalized moral perspective, balanced processing, and relational transparency. The first of these is about a person's capacity to know their own strengths and weaknesses but also includes things like "emotional intelligence" in which you know how to understand others and how they react to your leadership style. Internalized moral-perspective is about ethical decision-making and ethical behavior, which seems slightly irrelevant in the context of business leadership. Balanced processing is a more difficult concept because it is about evaluating information during decision-making, and about wise decision-making skills. Finally relational transparency is about being clear about one's own goals and motivations, which again sounds like it may be irrelevant to the concept of business leadership. elational transparency may be useful for a public high school principal trying to deal with her unionized underlings, but it is hardly a…...

mla

References

"Authentic Leadership Self-Assessment Questionnaire." In Northouse, PG. (2012) Leadership: Theory and practice. Sixth Edition. New York: SAGE Publications.

"Servant Leadership Questionnaire." In Northouse, PG. (2012) Leadership: Theory and practice. Sixth Edition. New York: SAGE Publications.

"Adaptive Leadership Questionnaire." In Northouse, PG. (2012) Leadership: Theory and practice. Sixth Edition. New York: SAGE Publications.

Leadership:
There are several documentations regarding leadership that have focused mainly on attributes that are usually explained in the context of combination of vision, confidence, initiative, and intelligence. Actually, some of the newest, most advanced researches combine current analysis with evolutionary examination regarding the topic. These findings have demonstrated that leadership incorporates a simple premise that an adaptive concept survives over time whereas what is maladaptive does not (Cruz, n.d.). One of the most recent hypotheses suggests that the leadership-followership paradigm is a group-level adaptation. This is primarily because the roles of leaders and followers may be embraced flexible by the same person since it beneficial to be a leader in some cases and a follower in others. However, there is need to understand the leadership-followership paradigm through identifying the definition of followership as it relates to leadership. This process also requires an understanding of perceived benefits or payoffs of…...

mla

References:

Civil Air Patrol n.d., Introduction to Followership, CAP Officer Basic Course, viewed 5 April

2013,

Cruz, L n.d., Leadership You Don't Need a Title, Positively Successful Magazine, viewed 5

April 2013,

Measuring a leader's effectiveness can be achieved through various methods, such as using key performance indicators (KPIs), conducting 360-degree feedback assessments, employee engagement surveys, and tracking team or organizational outcomes. By applying leadership theories in real-world scenarios, a leader can improve their effectiveness by:

1. Understanding and applying different leadership styles: Leaders can assess their natural leadership style and adjust it based on the situation and the needs of their team. For example, a leader may need to be more participative in decision-making during times of change or uncertainty.

2. Developing emotional intelligence: By understanding and managing their own emotions, as well....