This is the strategy used in Canada, where drug costs have been substantially reduced.
The challenges presented by this law have spilled over into the current health-care reform debate. Many people and many legislators who might have been more open to engage in productive dialogue during the current debate were no doubt made more leery of the process and of the possibility that there could be significant reform that would bring benefits to more people while bringing down the federal deficit.

The fears of opponents of the bill were correct in their fears that the bill would been even more expensive than originally budgeted. The initial estimate for the net cost was $400 billion for the period from 2004-2013. However, only a month after the bill's passage, that estimate was raised to $534 billion. It has since been raised to over $550. The cost over-runs in this bill will no doubt…...

Ineffective Communication Between Shifts in Acute Care Settings
Significant

A recent statistics of the adverse effects arisen from ineffective communication between shifts in acute care setting range from 2.6% to 7.6%, however, Okoniewska, et al. (2015) believes that the adverse effects on in-patients can be between 19% and 23%. (Classen, esar, Griffin. et al. 2011).

The Study aims to discuss the adverse effective arisen from ineffective communication between shifts within acute care settings.

Consequences of not solving the problem

Without implementing the strategies that can enhance effective communication between shifts in an acute healthcare setting, the issue can lead to mortality, readmission, and post-hospital adverse effects. Moreover, poor communication between shifts can lead to medication problems resulting to therapeutic errors. (Okoniewska, et al. 2015). Moreover, lack of intervention to address the problem can lead to medical errors, which can lead to patients' harms. Communication failure has also been identified as the root cause of more…...

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Reference

Aebersold, M., Averhart, V., Keenan, G., Kocan, M. J., Lundy, F., Tschannen, D. (2011). Implications of Nurse-Physician Relations: Report of a Successful Intervention. Nursing Economics. 29 (3):127-135.

Almost, J., Wolff, A., Mildon, B., Price, S., Godfrey, C., Robinson, S., . . . Mercado-Mallari, S. (2015). Positive and negative behaviors in workplace relationships: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open, 5(2). doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-007685

Carlson, E. A. (2012). Improving Patient Safety Through Improved Communication and Teamwork. Orthopaedic Nursing, 31(3), 190-192.

Classen, D.C., Resar, R, Griffin. F, et al. (2011). "Global trigger tool" shows that adverse events in hospitals may be ten times greater than previously measured. Health Aff (Millwood). 30(4):581 -- 589.

2000). The specific issues suggested for further study by the current research include the emergence of long-term grief patterns and their detrimental effects, the possibilities of helpful intervention and coping strategies in alleviating any long-term problems associated with an unresolved bereavement process, and preparation for bereavement care during a patient's life as part of a specific strategy for addressing these issues (Kent & McDowell 2004; Fauri et al. 2000). The physical, psychological, and behavioral components and effects of grief, especially patterns of long-held grief, can be severely detrimental to continued development, and nurses can play a key role in the bereavement process for other patients and for family members (Kent & McDowell 2004). The proposed study will more carefully examine the specific issues outlined above, rather than approaching the bereavement process in a more general way.
eferences

Fauri, D.; Ettner, B. & Kovacs, P. (2000). "Bereavement services in acute care settings."…...

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References

Fauri, D.; Ettner, B. & Kovacs, P. (2000). "Bereavement services in acute care settings." Death studies 24(1), pp. 51-64.

Field, N. & Filanosky, C. (2010). "Continuing Bonds, Risk Factors for Complicated Grief, and Adjustment to Bereavement." Death studies 34(10). pp. 1-29.

Kent, H. & McDowell, J. (2004). "Sudden bereavement in acute care settings." Nursing Standard 19(6), pp. 38-42.

Stephen, A.; Wompenny, P.; Unwin, R.; Work, F.; Dempster, P.; MacDuff, C.; Wilcock, S. & Brown, A. (2009). "Bereavement and Bereavement Care in Health and Social Care: Provision and Practice in Scotland." Death studies 33(3), pp. 239-61.

Care:
Issler is a patient who recently moved with his daughter-in-law who is no longer married to his son. As part of her interest in helping to take care of Mr. Issler, she noticed that he was pale and diaphoretic after a two and a half hour flight. The daughter-in-law took him to an emergency room where he was attended to by a cardiologist and set a follow-up check up for an echo cardiogram next week. Mr. Issler has complained of congestive heart failure and a history of deep vein thrombosis. The cardiologist recommended that he seeks out a primary care provider and check up of his thyroid. As the primary care provider, the patient has also expressed his uncertainties on whether he has hyper of hypo thyroidism though he has been under thyroid medication for several years. In addition to being very pale, he has a large bag of…...

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References:

Bray, D.L. (n.d.). Thyroid Storm and the AACN Synergy Model. Journal of Nursing. Retrieved from http://rnjournal.com/journal-of-nursing/thryoid-storm-and-the-aacn-synergy-model

Drewes at. al. (2012, October). The Effectiveness of Chronic Care Management for Heart Failure: Meta-Regression Analyses to Explain the Heterogeneity in Outcomes. Health Services Research, 47(5), 1926-1959.

Hardin, S. & Hussey, L. (2003, February). AACN Synergy Model for Patient Care Case Study of a CHF Patient. Critical Care Nurse, 23(1), 73-76. Retrieved from  http://ccn.aacnjournals.org/content/23/1/73.full.pdf 

Kaplow, R. & Reed, K.D. (2008). The AACN Synergy Model for Patient Care: A Nursing

Caring for ody and Soul
Critiquing Research Report

Modern nursing practice has focused more and more on treating the whole person, through four domains (Chan, 2009). These are physical, mental, social, and spiritual. Of the four, the spiritual domain is the most neglected. A retrospective study recently found that nurses with religious beliefs are more likely to extend spiritual care. The greater their spiritual perceptions, the more frequently they include a spiritual dimension to their care of patients (Chan). However, not many nurses are able to extend care in this domain.

Jean Watson's Theory of caring is applied as theoretical framework. Her concept sees caring as a process of transpersonal caring. It is something exceeding the self and recognizing the relationship as "mutual and reciprocal (Goliath, 2008)." It is in this environment that the nurse connects with the patient under his specific circumstances. Watson uses 10 carative factors in applying her theory.

This…...

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Chan, MF. (2009). Factors affecting nursing staff in practicing spiritual care. Vol 19

Journal of Clinical Nursing: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Deal, B. (2010). A pilot study of nurses' experience of giving spiritual care. Vol 15 # 4

The Qualitative Report: Nova Southeastern University. Retrieved on May 18, 2011

The results of this analysis highlight the need for hospitals to fine-tune their discharge process to reduce readmissions, and support the expenditure of additional resources for this purpose as a cost-effective intervention; as an example, author cites a hospital in Iowa that implemented a rigorous post-discharge planning process for patients with heart failure and 30-day readmission rates were reduced by 3-9% during the 3-month period following implementation.
Conclusion

The research showed that many elderly patients who suffer from congestive heart failure also suffer from a wide range of comorbid conditions, including diabetes and hypertension. These patients can be reasonably expected to require periodic or even frequent treatment in emergency departments and/or hospitalizations for these conditions, making the need for effective and seamless post-discharge planning especially important. In this regard, the research also showed that there are some valuable evidence-based practice guidelines available, though, that can help clinicians better coordinate post-discharge care,…...

Ketoacidosis occurs when patients with Type 1 diabetes do not take their insulin shots or when patients with Type 2 diabetes develop ancillary complications such as chest or urinary tract infections. Therefore, the condition can be prevented with proper care and effective monitoring of blood sugar levels.
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma (HHNK) results from an excess concentration of sugar in the blood, which occurs mostly in patients with Type 2 diabetes. The onset of HHNK occurs gradually when patients do not take their medications or when they develop other complications or are under stress. Symptoms include tiredness, increased thirst, increased urination, and weight loss. The extreme fatigue may cause the patient to become unconscious, which is why the condition is a type of coma. Preventing HHNK is a matter of regulating blood sugar levels, through medications and insulin.

orks Cited

Complications of Diabetes." Diabetes and You. http://www.sokkari.com/complications.htm.

Diabetes Mellitus. http://www.sghhealth4u.com.sg/health4u/endocrinology/Diabetes_Mellitus.html....

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Works Cited

Complications of Diabetes." Diabetes and You.  http://www.sokkari.com/complications.htm .

Diabetes Mellitus. http://www.sghhealth4u.com.sg/health4u/endocrinology/Diabetes_Mellitus.html.

Medically, certain conditions must be ruled out before Linda is
transported for psychiatric admission. High on the list of differential
diagnosis is head injury, electrolyte imbalance, thyroid disorder,
metabolic disturbance, nutritional issues, and toxic substance ingestion.
If the history appears clear that Linda has not experience psychosis,
hallucination or delusion before, these and other conditions must be ruled
out before a psychiatric diagnosis is given.
Of primary concern is the safety for Linda and the staff. One person
should be encouraged to establish a relationship with Linda in the medical
setting, communicating with her but allowing adequate escape distance
should her demeanor or threat level change. Linda should be spoken to in a
soft, quiet voice in a secure setting. She should be provided choices
regarding voluntarily taking medications. Conversation with Linda should
be simple and to the point, avoiding prolonged or argumentative
conversations. It may require limit setting to get a good history, since
Linda may be tangential in her history.
Physical restraint should be…...

Future of Healthcare as it Relates to the Geriatric Population
Description and Problem Statement

The geriatric population in the United States is growing and compared to the population of health care providers the geriatric population growth is advancing much more rapidly. This presents a problem in making provision of health care to the future geriatric population. While there is a growth in the demand for geriatric health care services, there is not a matching growth in the population of health care providers and in fact, a shortage presently exists.

The population of geriatric patients is experiencing rapid growth while the population of health care providers specifically trained in geriatric medicine is seriously lagging behind. In fact, of the approximately 650,000 medical doctors who are practicing, only a small percentage receives the training and education required to provide geriatric care. Exacerbating the problem is the fact that only three medical schools in the United…...

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Bibliography

Bagel, LM (2011) Designs to Support Aging Acute Care Patients. Elder Care. Health Facilities Management. Retrieved from:  http://www.hfmmagazine.com/hfmmagazine/jsp/articledisplay.jsp?dcrpath=HFMMAGAZINE/Article/data/04APR2012/0412HFM_FEA_interiors&domain=HFMMAGAZINE 

Gottlieb, S. (2013) Medicare Has Stopped Paying Bills For Medical Diagnostic Tests. Patients Will Feel The Effects. Forbes 27 Mar 2013. Retrieved from:  http://www.forbes.com/sites/scottgottlieb/2013/03/27/medicare-has-stopped-paying-bills-for-medical-diagnostic-tests-patients-will-feel-the-effects/2/ 

Graverholt, B., et al. (2011) Acute hospital admissions among nursing home residents: a population-based observational study. BMC Health Services Research 2011. Retrieved from:  http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6963/11/126 

Healthcare in America: Trends in Utilization (2004) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved from:  http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/misc/healthcare.pdf

Transitional Care of Older Adults Hospitalized with Heart Failure Experiment
Naylor, M.D., Brooten, D., Campbell, R.L., Maislan, G.,, McCauley, K.M. Schuartz, J. Transitional Care of Older Adults Hospitalized with Heart Failure: A Randomized Trial.

This article has an interesting approach to summarizing the experiment that was conducted. Instead of a formal abstract, the article instead summarizes the design and outline in several sections. These sections include objectives, design, setting, participants, intervention, measurements, results, and conclusions. The sections that are listed replace the standard format for an abstract that condenses the design and the findings into one formal section. Personally, I prefer the organization of this format better as it more clearly illustrates all of the factors in the research in a clear and easily identifiable format.

Analysis of the Introduction

The authors of this research do state the problem that they are researching in a clear and coherent manner. The specific problem relates…...

Marketing in Healthcare
Catholic Healthcare West

Catholic Healthcare West (CHW) is a not-for-profit healthcare organization serving parts of Arizona, Nevada and the majority of California. With 42 hospitals it is the largest Catholic hospital system in this part of the United States. The organization focuses its services upon the poor, who cannot afford private hospital services. Regardless, the aim is also to provide high-quality healthcare to those in need. The target market is thus the poor in the western areas of the United States.

Taking into account the size of Catholic Healthcare West, it should not be a problem to implement new services without a loss of either mission or customers. New services should however be implemented with the proper care to ensure that the focus remains as originally intended.

The service management strategy of CHW has always been collaborative. y collaborating with other groups who share the vision and commitment to the poor…...

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Bibliography

Allen, G. "New Product Development." 1999

Catholic Healthcare West. 2003.  http://www.chwhealth.com/ 

Rice, T., B. Biles, E.R. Brown, F. Diderichsen & H. Kuehn. "Reconsidering the role of competition in health care markets." Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law. Durham, Oct 2000

"Studies of the relationship between managed care penetration in the health care market and expenditures for Medicare fee-for-service enrollees have demonstrated the existence of these types of spill over effects" (Bundorf et al., 2004).
Managed care organizations generate these types of spillover effects by increasing competition in the health care market, altering the arrangement of the health care delivery system, and altering physician practice patterns. Studies have found that higher levels of managed care infiltration are linked with lower rates of hospital cost inflation and lower physician fees are consistent with competitive effects. "Other studies demonstrate the impact of managed care on delivery system structure including hospital capacity, hospital admission patterns, the size and composition of the physician workforce and the adoption and use of medical equipment and technologies. More recent evidence has linked market-level managed care activity to the process, but not the outcomes of care" (Bundorf et al.,…...

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References

Altman, D.E. And L. Levin. (2005). The Sad History of Health Care Cost Containment as

Told by One Client. Health Affairs, 24(1).

Bodenheimer, T. (2005). High and rising health care costs. part 1: Seeking an explanation.

Annals of Internal Medicine, 142(10), 847-54.

Healthcare Quality Management
PDCA Modeling in Healthcare

Psychiatric emergencies in medical settings may be particularly challenging since the staff does not encounter them frequently and may not have experience dealing with behavioral crisis intervention. The purpose of this exercise is to help staff improve understanding and coping with nonmedical emergencies that occur in medical settings using the PDCA cycle.

X is a 41-year-old male admitted to a medical unit with a diagnosis of possible stroke. The patient is ambulatory, 5'10," and 350 lbs. Mr. X presented to the emergency department the day before after apparently losing consciousness at home. The initial CAT scan of his head was negative. It is suspected that Mr. X may be an IV drug user since his urine toxicology screening came back positive for opiates. The medical staff thinks that Mr. X had a seizure prior to admission, but he has shown no abnormal signs or symptoms within…...

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Works Cited

Bennet, L., & Slavin, L. (2009, April 3). What Every Health Care Manager Needs to Know. Retrieved from Continous Quality Improvement:  http://www.cwru.edu/med/epidbio/mphp439/CQI.htm 

i Six Sigma. (N.d.). Focus - PDCA. Retrieved from I Six Sigma:  http://www.isixsigma.com/dictionary/focus-pdca/ 

Pestka, E., Hatterberg, D., Larson, L., Zwygart, L., Cox, A., & Cox, D. (2012). Enhancing Safety in Behavioral Emergency Situations. Medsurg Nursing, 335-341.

Business of Health Care
This study highlights essential facts about health care and health in the local, national, and international health care delivery. Healthcare in the U.S. stands at crossroads between opportunities and challenges. Both the local, national, and international health systems face common problems in the delivery of efficient, high quality and equal health services. All these are concurrently happening in times when the amount of care delivered exceeds the resource base. In the U.S., the demand for healthcare, just as in any industrialized country, is rising because of rising public expectation and the ageing population. The combination of technological developments and demographic changes increases the provision costs (Garman, oyer & Johnson, 2011).

Consequently, local, national, and international health care delivery systems are facing same issues of service rationing to cut costs due to a decreasing tax base for paying a rising demand and an increasing demand. Similarly, maintaining public consent…...

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References

Garman, A.N., Royer, T.C., & Johnson, T.J. (2011). The future of healthcare: Global trends worth watching. Chicago, Ill: Health Administration Press.

Geisler, E., Krabbendam, K., & Schuring, R. (2013). Technology, health care, and management in the hospital of the future. Westport, CT: Praeger.

Gibson, R., & Singh, J.P. (2012). The battle over health care: What Obama's reform means for America's future. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

Kolker, A. (2011). Management engineering for effective healthcare delivery: Principles and application. Hershey: Medical Information Science Reference.

Innovative Nursing Care Delivery Models a.This website detailed profiles 24 successful innovative nursing care delivery models. These profiles developed part a research project conducted Health Workforce Solutions LLC (HWS) funded obert Wood Johnson Foundation (WJF).
Innovative nursing care model: The Care Transitions Intervention

Innovative nursing care model

I chose the Care Transitions Intervention Model on which to focus because of the increasing importance of geriatric care in the field of nursing. Although my organization serves the needs of persons of all ages, elderly patients are an increasingly large proportion of the patient base. The Model stresses the need for the empowerment and self-care even of patients with high-risk conditions. The Care Transitions Intervention Model allows elderly patients the maximum amount of mobility and autonomy possible given the limits of the patient's condition and enables them to stay in a home setting as long as possible. As its name suggests, the model facilitates…...

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References

Care Transitions Intervention. (2013). Innovative Care Models. Retrieved:

http://www.innovativecaremodels.com/care_models/12

Kurt Lewin Change Model. (2013). Change Management Coach. Retrieved:

 http://www.change-management-coach.com/kurt_lewin.html

1. In the United States, healthcare spending is among the highest in the world, yet the frequency of primary care visits remains relatively low compared to other developed countries. This disconnect raises the question why does the US have low primary care visits despite high spending? In order to understand this phenomenon, it is crucial to explore the various factors that contribute to the limited access to primary care services in the US, as well as the impact of this trend on the overall healthcare system.

2. One of the key factors that contribute to low primary care visits in....