Accounting Information Systems
The Influence of External Factors

On outine EP Usage

The most mission-critical accounting information systems coordinate Accounts Payable (AP) and Accounts eceivable (A), in addition to orchestrating the many activities of an enterprise across its value chain. The long-term quality of information provided by any accounting information system is predicated on how well the procedures, processes and workflows have been designed to support the value chain structure over the long-term (Worwa, Stanik, 2010). Where Material esourcing Planning (MP) systems were predominantly used within the four walls of an enterprise and as a result became myopic and inward-centered over time, Enterprise esource Planning (EP) systems have requires enterprises to concentrate on a much broader, diverse stakeholder base within and outside their immediate organizational boundaries (Ifinedo, 2011). With these facts in mind and the progression of enterprise systems from being internally-based to being more collaborative, a summary and critique of the article…...

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References

Ifinedo, P. (2011). Examining the influences of external expertise and in-house computer/IT knowledge on ERP system success. The Journal of Systems and Software, 84(12), 2065.

Kahraman, C., Kaya, I., & Cevikcan, E. (2011). Intelligence decision systems in enterprise information management. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 24(4), 360-379.

Sternad, S., Gradisar, M., & Bobek, S. (2011). The influence of external factors on routine ERP usage. Industrial Management + Data Systems, 111(9), 1511-1530.

Worwa, K., & Stanik, J. (2010). Quality of web-based information systems. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 15(3), 1-13.

Accounting Information Systems have emerged as very famous components of modern businesses mainly because they offer beneficial and timely information to management in addition to being cost-effective. Generally, these systems are helpful in book account payables, cash transactions, receivables, and every other accounting function in an orderly manner. The need for an effective accounting information system in an organization is attributed to the huge volume of data handled by accounting departments. Accounting Information Systems provide helpful and timely accounting information because they perform accounting functions automatically rather than manually though the principles are similar. These systems are primarily based on computerized procedures that usually comprise modules known as sub-systems. While they remain an important facet of organizational decision-making, the management may make several incorrect assumptions about these systems.
Ackoff's Management Misinformation Systems:

According to Ackoff (1967), there is a growing pre-occupation with Management Information Systems by operations researchers and management scientists (p.147).…...

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References:

"Accounting Information and Decision Making." (n.d.). McGraw Hill. Retrieved April 19, 2013,

from  http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0078110823/859852/spiceland2e_sample_ch01.pdf 

Ackoff, R.L. (1967, December). Management Misinformation Systems. Management Science,

14(4), 147-156. Retrieved from http://www.acasa.upenn.edu/ackoff67.pdf

Application Development and Interface Customization for Accounting & Finance

The core aspects of this area of analysis are supported for embedded SQL, support for standard and embedded interfaces, support for XML and Web integration technologies. Many enterprises program their own native SQL applications for analyzing and reporting their financial results. The use of embedded SQL in financial accounting and analysis has become commonplace as mobile-based platforms have become more commonplace throughout the senior management teams of corporations (McCombs, Sharifi, 73). Support for standard and embedded interfaces has also grown exponentially with the rising interest in using Apple iPads as devices for quickly checking accounting and financial reports as well. Finally support for Web and XMLK-based technologies is also driven by enterprise's needs to create highly customized accounting and financial analysis applications. All of these aspects of an accounting and financial system put increased demands on the database architectures used to support…...

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References

Elisa Bertino, and Ravi Sandhu. "Database Security-Concepts, Approaches, and Challenges. " IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 2.1 (2005): 2

Jeanette Burriesci. "Recipe for revenue" Intelligent Enterprise 31 Aug. 2001:

avka, M., M. Miki? And D. Sari?. "Application Cluster Environment for Business Processes." MIPRO 2011-34th International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics - Proceedings. SCOPUS. 8 Nov. 201

Duggan, J., et al. "Performance Prediction for Concurrent Database Workloads." Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data.

In the event of a recall or price protection program on any product, given the rudimentary nature of how Kudler's is managing their systems, they would not be able to react quickly. Instead the reaction would be manual and very slow, and costly to complete. There are the systemic or basic threats the company would face. If the company chose to use SaaS-based applications there is the high dependency on Internet and network bandwidth in addition to the risk of having their hosted applications somehow breached as well. There is also the risk their supply chain management systems would not provide the real-time price and availability updates necessary for the company to capitalize on the investments in it. In short, the lack of information is more of a risk than the potential risks of having these applications in place. The bottom line is that for Kudler's to grow it…...

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References

Carlton Collins. (2006). Small Business Software Grows Up. Journal of Accountancy, 201(3), 50. Retrieved March 9, 2009, from ABI/INFORM Global database. (Document ID: 1000396791).

Tom C. Davis. (2008, September). Software as a Service Model. Accounting Technology: PAPERLESS,SR16. Retrieved March 9, 2009, from ABI/INFORM Global database. (Document ID: 1562229801).

Rick Telberg. (2004). Make Money With Basic Accounting Software. Journal of Accountancy, 197(1), 67-71. Retrieved March 9, 2009, from ABI/INFORM Global database. (Document ID: 525184741).

Kenton B. Walker. (2008). SOX, ERP, and BPM: A Trifecta That Can Make Your Business Run Better. Strategic Finance, 90(6), 47-53. Retrieved March 9, 2009, from ABI/INFORM Global database. (Document ID: 1607404201).

The information age is likely to have a continuing impact on financial
accounting. What are some changes you think will occur in the way
financial information is gathered, processed, and communicated as a result
of increasingly sophisticated information technology?

There are massive changes on the way regarding how the information age will
impact financial accounting. First, there is the exponential growth in the
area of financial analysis and forecasting software, which is part of the
broader enterprise software growth in analytics. This area of information
technologies (IT) is already creating a foundation of entirely new levels
of processes for gathering, processing and analyzing, then succinctly
communicating financial results. This entire area of financial analytics
is becoming increasingly predictive as well, allowing financial analysts
and professionals to complete projections and plans in real-time to see how
their decisions will impact an organization.
Second, the adoption of Service Oriented Architectures (SOA) is making the
strategic objective of aligning core business processes to line-of-business
goals and objectives much easier…...

Using a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), Web Services would be created to replace the manual and often conflicting systems and processes in place today. As part of this SOA platform development, business process management (BPM) workflows would be created and then later optimized to make each process in total system as efficient as possible. Hammer (2003) also states that the need for making BPM-based strategies successful is in allowing those using the system the majority of the time to have the greatest say in its development. As the complete re-vamping of these manual, and today conflicting, systems is completed, a series of design sessions that focus on the needs of the departments would be completed to make sure their requirements were reflected in the final system. Only after re-aligning the system to users' needs and making the entire series of processes more focused on delivering results than in being designed…...

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References

Hammer (2003) - Chapter 4: Put Processes First. The Agenda: What Every Business Must Do to Dominate the Decade. Accessed from Michael Hammer and Company website on May 24, 2007:

http://www.hammerandco.com/publications-agenda-ch4.asp

Components of an Accounting Information System
Accounting Information Systems

An accounting information system is a vital tool for any organization. The system will support the organization in making critical strategic and business decisions. Having a system that captures, records, processes, and records financial data for an organization will also reduce errors in billing and shipping. This paper analyzes the six main components of an accounting information system.

An accounting information system is a program that is used within an organization for the collection, recording, storing, and processing accounting data in order to produce information that will assist in decision making Hall, 2011.

The management makes use of an accounting information system to better understand the organization's financial position. This will assist them in making strategic and business decisions for the organization. The system contains a set of integrated components, which interact with each other in order to achieve a goal. This system is mostly…...

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References

Albright, T.L., & Ingram, R.W. (2003). Accounting: Managing Business Information. Cheriton House, North Way, Andover, Hampshire, SP10 5BE: Thomson/South-Western.

Gelinas, U.J., Dull, R.B., & Wheeler, P.R. (2010). Accounting Information Systems. Cheriton House, North Way, Andover, Hampshire, SP10 5BE: Cengage South-Western.

Hall, J.A. (2011). Accounting Information Systems (Hall), 8th ed. Cheriton House, North Way, Andover, Hampshire, SP10 5BE: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Ingram, R.W., & Albright, T.L. (2006). Financial Accounting: Information for Decisions: Information for Decisions. Cheriton House, North Way, Andover, Hampshire, SP10 5BE: Thomson/South-Western.

Computerized Accounting Information
Systems

In a global contemporary business environment, the computerized accounting information systems have become an integral part of organizational accounting systems. The development Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has assisted organizations to migrate from the traditional accounting method to a computerized accounting systems. The integration of ICT with accounting methods has given rise to Accounting Information System (AIS) that assist organizations to deliver timely and accurate financial information which consequently enhancing effective decision-making. (omney, and Steinbart, 2011)

Accounting information system is very vital for organization survival because information system has become an effective tool that assists organizations to make effective decision. eliable data produced by information systems is very critical for organizational effectiveness. eliable data generally assists organizations to diagnose, plan as well as enhancing effective business operations. (Abdala, 2012). The reliability of accounting standard with the context of accounting information systems has been widely recognized by many organizations to…...

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References

Abdala, K. (2012). Financial Accounting & Information Technology. Pearson Custom Publishing.

Dahawy, K.(2007). Introducing Computerized Accounting Information Systems in a Developing Nation: Egyptian International Motors Company (EIM) Case Study. IRMA International Conference.

HKSARG. (2008).Course 1: Contemporary Perspectives on Accounting Unit 5: ICT Applications in Accounting. Curriculum Development Institute Education Bureau.

Lin, F.(2010). A Unified Accounting Information Framework To Modeling Bank Accounting Systems. Journal of Applied Business Research.20(4).104-116.

eporting
Accounting Information Systems: General Purpose eporting According to the Conceptual Framework

The International Financial eporting Standards Foundation and its development and publication arm, the International Accounting Standards Board, were created for the express and direct purpose of establishing standardized accounting and reporting procedures so as to make accounting knowledge and comparisons more meaningful. Since the creation of these entities, many specific issues have been raised and a host of suggestions, standards, and rules for the reporting of financial information have been adopted, such that the purpose of the Foundation and the Board are being well-served by these activities. In addition, certain general principles and regulations regarding accounting and financial reporting have been laid out, and the purpose of these principles will be discussed below.

General eporting Principles

The IFS Foundation and the IASB have published a framework for all of their activities that defines thee purpose and intent of all regulations, standards,…...

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References

AARF. (2010). Objective of General Purpose Financial Reporting. Caulfield, Victoria, Australia: AARF.

Deloitte. (2011). Summary of international financial reporting standards. Accessed 31 March 2011.  http://www.iasplus.com/standard/framewk.htm 

IASB. (2008). International financial reporting standards. London: IFRS.

IFAC. (2010). Conceptual Framework Exposure Draft 1. Toronto: IFAC.

agree with accountant B's philosophy in regards to oversight and auditing. Accountant B. expressed concerns regarding timely and effective systems control. These controls are very important in regards to business operations. In addition, tight system controls have implications for society at large. This is particularly true for institutions that are vital to the global and domestic economic health of society. Accountant A seems to favor the ability of accountant to discover mistakes after they have occurred. I believe accountant A has errors in his logic in regards to accounting. This is particularly true because inventory recognition directly impacts the firms financial statements and balance sheet (Friedlob, 1996)
In many instances, society depends, in large part, on the accuracy and confidence of accounting information. The financial markets, in particular, depend heavily on the trust and confidence of financial information. Accountant A seems to believe that society has benefited from his firm…...

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References:

1. Lo and Fisher: Intermediate Accounting, 2nd edition, Pearson, Toronto 2013, ISBN 978-0-13-296588-0, p. 2-102,

2. Goodyear, Lloyd Earnest: Principles of Accountancy, Goodyear-Marshall Publishing Co., Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 1913, p.7-76

3. Singh Wahla, Ramnik. AICPA committee on Terminology. 1999 Accounting Terminology Bulletin No. 1 Review and Resume.

4. Friedlob, G. Thomas & Plewa, Franklin James, Understanding balance sheets, John Wiley & Sons, NYC, 1996, ISBN 0-471-13075-3, p.1-26

This model could then be customized for the needs of the different companies.
Sankaran and AlHashim (2006) make a compelling case regarding the need for harmonized accounting standards and practices. In addition to the globalized economy, they also rightly point to the benefits of such harmonization for corporations - including a greater ability to keep track of expenses and a better way of reconciling different accounting practices in its branches worldwide. Furthermore, Sankaran and AlHashim (2006) also allay fears that harmonization is equivalent to imposing only one accounting system around the world. Instead, they highlight the need for commonality, for a web-based accounting system that lends itself to different accounting practices.

The paper makes a strong argument, and the data regarding the need for a harmonized accounting system is compelling. hile this article may present a challenge for readers unfamiliar with basic programming language, the inclusion of a generic algorithm for…...

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Works Cited

Sankaran, Siva and Dhia D. AlHashim. 2006. "An Accounting Information System for Harmonization."

Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge. 9(2): September.

This would immediately flag the loans going outside their own bank and also provide greater insights into how customers were using funds over time. Another approach is to incent auditors to find fraud and embezzlement and make it widely known in the bank that anyone finding illegal practices would receive a reward up to 20% of the error found. Auditors, who are traditionally not paid that much, would work overtime looking for fraud, hoping to earn 20% of the fraud found, thereby drastically reducing the threat. While this may appear expensive, without this strategy a bank could go for years, losing millions of dollars, if no action was taken.
In the case study, it is apparent that Greater Providence Deposit and Trust auditors were not organized or incented in their job design and rewards to actively seek out embezzlement and fraud. This is a major limitation in the design and…...

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References

Kristy Holtfreter, Kevin M. Beaver, Michael D. Reisig, & Travis C. Pratt. (2010). Low self-control and fraud offending. Journal of Financial Crime, 17(3), 295-307.

Eelco R. Van Wijk, & Timothy R. Holmes. (2007). Fraud in the Audit Department. The Internal Auditor, 64(2), 83-85,8.

Joseph T. Wells. (1998). An unholy trinity. The Internal Auditor, 55(2), 28-33.

Accounting System
Accounting Information System

The following plan details the business areas and services to be provided for a growing homeowners' association by a certified accounting firm. The large growth in size of the association is cited as a need for this contracting with the accounting firm, and the specific business areas in need of servicing are identified as billing, collections, payments, reporting, taxes, and miscellaneous advisory duties. Input, output, and control requirements are listed in brief for each business area, with reference to current scholarly and regulatory/advisory information to ensure consistency and conformity with accounting standards. Automation of accounting processes is a major focus of the service provision, and levels of automation are fully discussed, with the decision to build an in-house automation system and certain automation challenges discussed.

Introduction

The homeowner's association is facing a problem of a major increase in the amount of accounting work it will need to take on.…...

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References

AICPA. (20110. AICPA Publishes New Attest Guidance for Reporting on Controls at a Service Organization. Accessed 30 October 2011.  http://www.aicpa.org/press/pressreleases/2011/pages/aicpapublishesnewattestguidanceforreportingoncontrolsataserviceorganization.aspx 

COSO. (2009). Guidance on Monitoring Internal Control Systems. Durham, NC: COSO.

Kruck, S. (2011). The emergence of accounting information systems programs. Accessed 30 October 2011.  http://www.allbusiness.com/accounting/3504565-1.html 

Romney, M. & Steinbart, P. (2011). Accounting Information Systems. New York: Prentice Hall.

Accounting Information System
Improving Transactional Processing in Accounting Information System (AIS)

Propose two (2) innovative technology changes that would be appropriate for a firm's:

evenue (sales to cash collection) cycle

evenue cycle represents the description of the financial progression of a business entity in relation to the accounts receivable from the point of acquisition of products to the stage when the company or business organization receives full payment for the products (omney, 2012). One of the innovative technological changes that can transform the revenue cycle is leverage technology. This technology would allow the company or business entity to adopt appropriate way of providing crucial information to essential parties in relation to consumers or market audience. Application or adoption of this technology would allow the company to maximize consumer relationships and production or profit levels. The other innovative technological change is automation of the management systems of the firm or organization. It is crucial to…...

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References

Dolgui, A., & Proth, J.-M. (2010). Supply chain engineering: Useful methods and techniques. London: Springer.

Hall, J.A. (2011). Accounting information systems. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Langevin, A., & Riopel, D. (2005). Logistics systems: Design and optimization. New York, NY: Springer Science+Business Media.

Romney, M.B., & Steinbart, P.J. (2012). Accounting information systems. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Abstract
This particular report is an evaluation on AIS through case analysis and presentation involving AIS failure, possible alternatives the firm may have had and just how the management should have strategized to avert the failure. In the end, the paper reveals best practices for migration from another system to AIS.
To change the Accounting Information System (AIS) best practices

Accounting info systems (AIS) has transformed business processes on a worldwide scale. When financial data is entered into the AIS, financial statements and reports are created at several business levels to make profitability certain. Steinbart and romney (2012) revealed that the accounting systems process information to offer data to users so that they can not only plan, but also manage and operate respective businesses. Given this situation, accounting info system are viewed as a method which helps management in their planning and balance processes by offering data that is both reliable and relevant…...