Aboriginal School System in Canada
Aboriginal peoples in Canada comprise of hundreds of communities with a wide range of cultures, languages, as well as nation-based governance. In year 2006, over one million people in Canada identified themselves as Aboriginal. This represented about 3.8% of the total population in the country. The population of Aboriginal people in Canada is growing at a substantial rate. This rate is almost six times faster than the growth rate of the non-Aboriginal population (Asch 2007). For quite a long time, the Aboriginal people in Canada have understood the role of education in building a healthy, as well as a thriving community. Despite the substantial cultural and historical disparities, the Aboriginal communities in Canada share a clear vision regarding a holistic and lifelong process (Nguyen 2011).

Currently, Aboriginal communities, organizations, and governments are increasingly making realistic decisions and developing various policies, which reflect a better understanding as well…...

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References

Aboriginal off-reserve education: Time for action. 2004. Commentary - C.D.Howe Institute (198): 1-27,   (accessed April 2, 2013).http://search.proquest.com/docview/216593472?accountid=28844 

Antone, Eileen M. 2003. The changing face of aboriginal education in rural and northern canada. Education Canada 43, (3): 0-n/a,   (accessed April 2, 2013).http://search.proquest.com/docview/216895366?accountid=28844 

Asch, Michael. 2007. Aboriginal and treaty rights in Canada: essays on law, equity, and respect for difference. Vancouver: UBC Press.

Davis, Lynne, Louise Lahache, and Marlene Brant Castellano. 2000. Aboriginal education: fulfilling the promise. Vancouver: UBC Press.

Aboriginal
Perceptions are basically how a person looks at the world and the how the knowledge about things around him is constructed. An individual's background such as social, cultural, and linguistic influences affect the personal perceptions. Negative perception and attitude regarding the indigenous peoples are embedded into the Australian society. Due to this reason, the way teachers work with Indigenous students is not satisfactory. This ultimately changes and alters the status of indigenous student success and that is what needs to change. The first major task should be to figure out why these perceptions are present in the first place. Changes in the education system can be brought about if effort is made at not only an institutional level but also at an individual level. (Dreise, 2004)

Torres Strait Islanders are the indigenous people of the Torres Strait Islands that is part of Queensland, Australia. Genetically and culturally these people are the…...

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References

Agbo, S. (2001). Enhancing Success in American Indian Studies: Participatory Research at Akwasasne as Part of the Development of a Culturally Relevant Curriculum. Journal of American Indian Education, 40 (1), pp.1-86.

Battiste, M. (2002). "Indigenous knowledge and pedagogy in First Nations education: a literature review with recommendations," paper presented at untitled conference, Ottawa, Canada, Ottawa: National Working Group on Education and the Minister of Indian Affairs, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada.

Dreise, M. (2004) Embedding Indigenous perspectives: Managing institutional change. Unpublishedworking paper.

Elliot, J., and Erlandson, C. (2003). The Authentic Integration of Aboriginal Content and Perspectives. The Medium, 43 (2).

Aboriginal & Torres Strait islander people
The Torres bears the name of Spanish explorer Lis Vaez de Torres, who toured via the sea in the year 1606. The Torres Strait Island culture has an exceptional identity connected to the territorial claim. Some of the history and journals from the late 18th century have offered substantial knowledge concerning the Torres Strait Islander culture and community (Shnukal, 2001). Most of the information points to the diversity of the Islander community, which arose from the varying conditions in each island. The economic activities of the Torres Strait were agriculture and fishing. The people established a communal village that revolved around hunting, fishing, gardening and barter trading (Shnukal, 2001). The inter-trading activities involved food, weapons and artifacts, and this revealed the intergroup relationship between people.

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders compose the indigenous population of Australia. In addition, they represent a distinct indigenous Australian populace category…...

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Bibliography

Dunne, P. et al. (1994). Health Services Provision in Rural and Remote Areas: a needs analysis.

Medical Journal of Australia, pp. 161-162.

Morgan, D., Slade. M. & Morgan, C. (1997). Aboriginal philosophy and its impact on health careoutcomes. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 21(6), pp. 597-601

Sargison, H., Marsh, B. & Craigie, L. (2005). Good hearing, good talking, strong futures:

Aboriginal Food
"The colonial impact on indigenous people's food practices was cataclysmic and its effects still reverberate today."[footnoteef:1] Food has therefore become one of the most important issues for aboriginal people, on a practical and immediate level and also on a global, political, and policy level. Causes of aboriginal food insecurity include prejudicial or ethnocentric food policies and programs; disruption of indigenous communities and lifestyles; poverty; and rapid dietary changes due to social migration and other factors. Effects of aboriginal food insecurity include major public health problems; exacerbation of poverty; and the ongoing dismantling of valuable societies, cultures, and social institutions. Geography and food are practically inseparable, as food resources are an element of space and place. Politics and food are also inextricably entwined. The interaction between people and the land creates a multidimensional landscape revealing the ways space, place, and people interact. Politics and human rights issues continue to impact…...

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References

Damman, Siri. Barth Edie, Wenche. Kuhnlein V Harriet. "Indigenous Peoples' Nutrition Transition in a Right To Food Perspective." Science Direct. Food Policy (2008): 33, 135-55. Online.

FAO (2013). The right to food and indigenous peoples. Retrieved online:  http://www.fao.org/righttofood/publications/publications-detail/en/c/49285/ 

Foley, Wendy. "Tradition and Change in Urban Indigenous Food Practices." Postcolonial Studies. (2005) 8:1. Pp 25-44. Online.

Kuhnlein, Harriet V. Receveur, Oliver. "Dietary Change and Traditional Food Systems of Indigenous Peoples." Annual Reviews, Nutrition. 1996:16. Pp. 417-42. Re-circulated by the University of Manitoba 08/29/08. Online.

omen also engage in Lap slapping (Aboriginal Musical Instruments). Additionally rasp of friction is used as an instrument in Aboriginal Music in addition to rattles made from seeds (Aboriginal Musical Instruments).
The research demonstrates that the instruments used by Aboriginal Australians are mainly percussive in their nature. In addition the Didgeridoo is used as a type of horn or trumpet. These instruments aid in the telling of the history of the Aboriginal people. In addition, instruments such as the uber, are used for special purposes.

Summary

This research paper has provided a broad view of Aboriginal music and its purpose amongst the Aboriginal people of Australia. The purpose of this discussion was to research the music of the Aboriginal people of Australia. The research found that aboriginal music has significant meaning and tells a story of a people throughout history. The investigation demonstrated that aboriginal music is extremely important to Aboriginal Australians…...

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Works Cited

Aborignal Musical Instruments. Aboriginal Australia Art and Culture Centre.

30 April, 2008  http://aboriginalart.com.au/didgeridoo/instruments.html 

Australia Aboriginal Music. 30 April, 2008  http://www.janesoceania.com/australian_aboriginal_music/index1.htm 

Ceremonies/Corroborees." Aboriginal Australia Art and Culture Centre. 30 April, 2008  http://aboriginalart.com.au/didgeridoo/ceremony.html

The lack of inclusion of aboriginal representation at the policy making level is also regarded as an insurmountable barrier to formulating adequate health policies as regards the indigenous population of Australia. (Matthew, Pulver, & ing 2008)

In Australia alone, a proliferation of data illustrates the extent to which our half million Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people live in disadvantaged social conditions relative to other Australians. The level of disadvantage has left Indigenous Australians with a 17-year disparity in life expectancy, and a mortality rate 4.6 times higher than the overall population. (McMurray 2008: 166)

Public health policy, its creation and implementation, has various stages through which it must progress. These stages are often defined more by expediency than efficacy and can be either costly failures or valuable successes. Take for instance the policy initiative Building a Healthy, Active Australia. It begun in 2004 when an obesity taskforce run by several health…...

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References

Anderson, Ian, and John Douglass Whyte. 2006. 'Australian Federalism and Aboriginal Health.' Australian Aboriginal Studies 2006:5-15

Bazzano, LA, He J., Ogden, LG. 2002. 'Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Risk of cardiovascular disease in Adults: the First national Health and Nutrition Follow-up Survey epidemiologic Follow-up Study.' American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 76.1: 93-99

Carson, Bronwyn, Terry Dunbar, Richard D. Chenhall, and Ross Bailie, eds. 2007. Social Determinants of Indigenous Health. Crows Nest, N.S.W.: Allen & Unwin.

Eckermann, Anne-Katrin. 1999. "Aboriginal Education in Rural Australia: A Case Study in Frustration and Hope." Australian Journal of Education 43:5.

From around 1910 to 1971, members of the Stolen Generation became the casualties of one of the most egregious protection policies. After policies of segregation had failed to exterminate the Indigenous peoples in their manufactured ghettos, government officials attempted to assimilate Indigenous children into white society through instituting them in white facilities such as orphanages. Around 100,000, native Australians were taken from their families by government welfare officers in order to be "civiliz[ed] by assimilation into white society" (McCarthy 2000, n.p.). Time tells the story of one child whose captors attempted to straighten his hair in an attempt to make him look white, and udd speaks about Nanna Fejo, the 80-year-old Aboriginal woman whose cultural life of dancing and participating in Aboriginal ceremonies was taken from her when she was stolen from her parents in the 1920s (McCarthy 2000, n.p. udd 2008, n.p.).

In addition to taking them from their homes…...

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References

Aboriginal Affairs in NSW: A Short History. (2001). New South Wales Government.

Retrieved July 15, 2008, at http://www.daa.nsw.gov.au/about/history.html.

Aboriginal Protection Act 1869 (Vic). (2005). National Archives of Australia. Retrieved July 15, 2008, at  http://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item.asp?sdID=22 

Aboriginal Records. (2007, October 9). State Records Office of Western Australia.

Aboriginal Rights -- Treat Rights
hat is the difference between Aboriginal Rights and Treaty Rights?

According to Module 7 ("Aboriginal and First Nations Peoples and Social Policy") Aboriginal Peoples stood in the way of Canada's nation building strategy. The Indian Act of 1876 basically was intended to try to assimilate Aboriginal Peoples into the social and political culture of Canada. There was no doubt about the skills of the Aboriginal Peoples, and there was little doubt that they were "sovereign peoples" that had their own laws, but they were not seeing "Aboriginal rights" from the Indian Act of 1876.

In fact since the act "marginalized large segments of Aboriginal societies from each other," and from the greater non-Aboriginal society, this act took rights away from them. The Act was in effect a kind of cultural racism, taking away self-determination and other rights.

Aboriginal rights are "inherent rights," that is the rights they had prior…...

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Works Cited

Dickason, Olive Patricia. (1992). Canada's First Nations: A History of Founding Peoples from Earliest Times. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.

Dickerson, M.O., Flanagan, Thomas, and O'Neill, Brenda. (2009). An Introduction to Government and Politics: A Conceptual Approach. Florence, KY: Cengage Learning.

Module 7. Aboriginal and First Nations Peoples and Social Policy.

Voyageur, Cora J., and Calliou, Brian. Aboriginal Economic Development and the Struggle for Self-Government.

The nature of the Indians' interest is therefore best characterized by its general inalienability, coupled with the fact that the Crown is under an obligation to deal with the land on the Indians' behalf when the interest is surrendered. Any description of Indian title which goes beyond these two features is both unnecessary and potentially misleading." This is significant, because it is showing how Indians have a certain amount of protected rights based upon these two decisions. As a result, the government has to negotiate with them in good faith. (Dupuis 114 -- 128)
At the same time, the Canadian Constitution was amended in 1982 to specifically protect the rights of aborigines. Under these new provisions, their rights to land would be dealt with based upon two different practices these include: ancestral and treaty precedent. This meant that when the government was dealing with these various groups, they had to…...

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Bibliography

Dupuis, Renee. Justice for Canada's Aboriginal People. Toronto: Lorimar, 2002. Print.

The historical problems associated with upholding the treaties centers on the Canadian legal systems confused view of them -- it is not clear whether the treaties amounted to legally binding contracts with the established Canadian government or not. In addition, the definition of the various Aboriginal peoples with whom the treaties were made as nations or not is hugely determinative in the legality of these treaties and the ability of either party to enforce the provisions of them.

Especially important in the interpretation of the historical treaties is their treatment of rights and ownership to land. Aboriginal peoples have put forth many valid claims that the treaties that seem to take away all rights they have to their ancestral lands are indeed not valid treaties. More recent interpretations of the spirit of the treaties have determined that their only legal purpose could have been to ensure fair and equal access to…...

Aboriginal Social Work
Baskin says Aboriginal social workers are warriors "even though many of them work in social control agencies that tokenize their cultures." How can non-Aboriginal social workers become "warriors" (allies) in the processes of decolonizing social work practices?

One does not have to be an Aboriginal social worker to understand the damaging impact of colonization and colonialism on Aborigines. In fact, any person who looks beyond the European-written history and examines the true history of Canada can easily understand the academic impact of colonization on Aboriginal populations, even if one does not have personal experience with that impact. It is important to keep in mind that one does not have to experience a personal impact of a negative event in order to be able to help others cope with the impact of that negative impact. Every day, social workers are called upon to help people deal with various social issues…...

Aboriginal and Social Work Practice
The primary points shared on how to practice with Aboriginal people is developing awareness and understanding of indigenous traditions and their wealth of knowledge. Social work is not restricted to the office and as a result, the practicing social worker must immerse themselves in the things that are important to the people. Genuineness is important, and the worker or helper must be willing to actively engage the indigenous people by allowing them to know who they are; and conversely, who they are not.

Traditional knowledge is important to acknowledge when working with the Aboriginals because there cannot be a real sense of 'helping' if the worker operates from conventional knowledge and disregards or minimizes the indigenous people's wealth of knowledge. Understanding the importance of spirituality and the relationship to the land is very important to the Aboriginals. ecause imbalance has been created due to colonization and other…...

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Bibliography

Absolon, K. (2011). Kaandossiwin: How we come to know. Fernwood Publishing.

Weaver, H. (1999). Indigenous people and the social work profession: Defining culturally competent services, Social Workers, 44(3), 217

Aboriginal Education in Canada: A Plea for Integration
This paper explores interactions among formal learning, informal learning, and life conditions and opportunities experienced by Aboriginal people in Canada. Aboriginal is the most popular term used to refer to Canada's original people (Kirkness, 1999). Aboriginal, Indian, and First Nations are all terms used to describe Canadian natives.

A great deal of attention has been given in recent years to what is commonly described as an education gap between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Canadians (Wotherspoon and Butler, 1999). According to 1996 census data, approximately one-third (35%) of Canadians aged fifteen and over, compared to more than half (54%) of the comparable Aboriginal population, never graduated high school, while 16% of the national adult population, and only 4.5% of the Aboriginal population, have college degrees (Statistics Canada, 1998). Aboriginal dropout rates are reported to be double those for the general population, and Aboriginal school leavers are…...

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REFERENCES

Cardinal, H. (1977). The rebirth of Canada's Indians. Edmonton, AB: Hurtig

Fisher, John. Campbell, Leith. (June, 2002). Improving the Aboriginal Educational Experience in Public Schools. Peace Wapiti School Board.

Garrick, John. (1996). Informal Learning: Some Underlying Philosophies. Canadian Journal for the Study of Adult Education 10, 1 (May), 21-46.

George, Chief Dan. (circa 1972). A talk with teachers. Unpublished Soliloquy.

Interestingly, "A Song After Battle" contained passages that symbolically considered battling as a rite of passage of the male from being a young man or boy to being a true man and warrior. The song's first four lines stated, "As the young men went by I was looking for him. It surprises me anew That he has gone." This passage from the song poem reflected the change within the male, wherein victory or defeat after each battle was considered a phase wherein his youth gives way to learning and wisdom, which aided the male as he developed into a more mature and courageous man and warrior.

Pawnee song poetry, meanwhile, was identified as more religious and ceremonial in nature, incorporating dances while narrating to its family and community the tribe's song poems. For every occasion in the Pawnee Indian's life, a dance and belief in the mystical were associated in it,…...

The older children at Kuper Island School were allowed to have Valentine parties under the watchful eyes of their chaperones and Father Renaud, at Lower Post, observed in 1956 that "boys and girls eat together, not only in the same dining room but at the same tables, just like at home. On Sunday night they dance together to music" (Miller 220).
Separate but unequal treatment was the standard in recreation, leisure time and instruction, though gender differences in the classroom was less noticeable. Both sexes were taught the same subjects and the official curriculum statements did not reflect any differences between instructions for male or female students. There was the opportunity for some boys, however, to work full time at operation and upkeep of the institution, rather than attend classroom instruction. It appeared common for boys to be removed from the classrooms permanently when they took on these jobs. Some…...

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Works Cited

Aboriginal People, Resilience and the Residential School Legacy. Published by Aboriginal Healing Foundation. 2003. Ottawa, Ontario.

Buti, Antonio. "Responding to the legacy of Canadian Residential Schools." Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law. Dec 2001. Website:  http://www.murdoch.edu.au/elaw/issues/v8n4/buti84.html .

Gone, Joseph P. "We Never was Happy Living Like a Whiteman': Mental Health Disparities and the Postcolonial Predicament in American Indian Communities." American Journal of Community Psychology. Vol. 40(3-4), Dec 2007. 290-300. Website: http://www.springerlink.com/content/jj9038166631745j/.

Iwasaki, Y., Bartlett, J. And O'Neil, J. "An examination of stress among Aboriginal women and men with diabetes in Manitoba, Canada." Ethnicity and Health. Vol. 9(2), May 2003,

Your assignment requires you to pick two case studies about family relationships.  You can select the case studies from your own experience or from articles.  At least one of the case studies needs to focus on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultural considerations.  If you are going to use your personal experiences, you want to write out the case study to make it easier for you to reference.

Once you have selected the families you want to highlight in your case studies, you need to write the case studies.  Even if you are....

In conclusion, Canada's journey towards reconciliation with its Aboriginal peoples is a multifaceted and challenging endeavor that requires a deep commitment to change, understanding, and healing. The road ahead is fraught with obstacles, but with a collective effort to confront past injustices, center Indigenous voices, and work towards a more inclusive and respectful society, Canada can pave the way for a future of equity, justice, and harmony. This ongoing process of reconciliation is a testament to the resilience and strength of Indigenous communities, and it is vital for a more just and united Canada to emerge. In conclusion, achieving true Reconciliation....

## Internal Migration and the Cultural Landscape of English-Speaking Countries

Internal migration, the movement of individuals within a country, has played a pivotal role in shaping the cultural landscape of English-speaking countries, leaving an enduring impact on their demographics, social dynamics, and cultural tapestry.

Demographic Shifts:

Urbanization: Internal migration contributed to the growth of cities as people moved from rural areas to urban centers seeking employment and opportunities. This urbanization led to the concentration of population and the emergence of distinct urban cultures.
Demographic Diversity: Migration from different regions within a country or from abroad brought together individuals with diverse backgrounds, ethnicities,....

Some traditional practices and cultural beliefs that have been preserved and celebrated by Aboriginal peoples in Canada include:

1. Traditional storytelling: Aboriginal peoples continue to pass down oral histories and stories from generation to generation, preserving cultural knowledge and teachings.

2. Ceremonial practices: Ceremonies such as powwows, sweat lodges, and sun dances are still held by many Aboriginal communities to connect with their spirituality and ancestors.

3. Language preservation: Many Aboriginal communities are working to revitalize and preserve their traditional languages, recognizing the importance of language in maintaining cultural identity.

4. Connection to the land: Aboriginal peoples maintain strong connections to the land and....