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Deep Eutectic Solvents: Recent Findings and Literature Reviews
Introduction
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a class of ionic liquids that have gained significant attention in recent years due to their unique properties and potential applications in various fields. DESs are typically formed by combining a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and a hydrogen bond donor (HBD) in a certain molar ratio. The resulting mixture often exhibits a melting point significantly lower than that of its individual components.
Physicochemical Properties of DESs
DESs possess several distinctive physicochemical properties that make them attractive for various applications. These properties include:
- Low melting point: DESs typically melt below room temperature, making them liquid at ambient conditions.
- Tunable properties: By varying the HBA and HBD components, the physicochemical properties of DESs can be tailored to suit specific requirements.
- Non-flammability: DESs are generally non-flammable, making them safer to handle and store.
- High thermal stability: DESs exhibit high thermal stability, allowing them to be used in applications involving high temperatures.
Applications of DESs in Various Fields
Due to their unique properties, DESs have found applications in a wide range of fields, including:
- Extraction of bioactive compounds: DESs have been successfully used to extract valuable compounds from plant materials, such as antioxidants, essential oils, and pharmaceuticals.
- Synthesis of organic compounds: DESs serve as efficient reaction media for various organic transformations, providing improved selectivity and yields.
- Electrochemical applications: DESs have shown promise as electrolytes in electrochemical devices, such as solar cells and batteries.
- Green chemistry: DESs offer a greener alternative to conventional solvents, as they are biodegradable and non-toxic.
Recent Findings on the Use of DESs in Literature Reviews
Recent literature reviews have highlighted several advancements in the use of DESs:
- Extraction of natural products: DESs have been found to enhance the extraction efficiency of various natural products, including flavonoids, terpenes, and alkaloids.
- Development of functional materials: DESs have been employed in the synthesis of functional materials, such as nanomaterials, polymers, and gels, with tailored properties.
- Biomedical applications: DESs have demonstrated potential in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and wound healing due to their biocompatibility and ability to solubilize a wide range of compounds.
- Catalysis: DESs have been used as catalysts or reaction media for various catalytic reactions, including cycloadditions, cross-couplings, and hydrogenations.
Concluding Remarks
Deep eutectic solvents offer a promising platform for various applications due to their unique physicochemical properties and tunability. Recent literature reviews have shed light on the advancements in the use of DESs, particularly in the extraction of natural products, development of functional materials, and biomedical applications. Continued research is expected to further explore the potential of DESs and expand their scope of applications in various fields.
References
- Deep Eutectic Solvents: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications(https://www.nature.com/articles/s41555-020-0563-x)
- Deep Eutectic Solvents for Natural Product Extraction: A Review(https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/11/8/1237)
- Recent Advances in Deep Eutectic Solvents as Electrolytes for Energy Storage Devices(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S092589942200990X)
- Deep Eutectic Solvents in Biomedicine: Current Status and Perspectives(https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00127)
- Deep Eutectic Solvents as Catalysts and Reaction Media for Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation(https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2020/gc/c9gc04612c)
Best Answer
Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have gained significant attention in recent years due to their eco-friendly nature and potential applications in various fields such as catalysis, extraction, and electrochemistry. DES are a type of ionic liquid formed by the combination of a hydrogen bond donor (HBD) and a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), creating a eutectic mixture with unique properties. In this literature review, we will explore the recent findings on the use of deep eutectic solvents and their potential applications. One of the key advantages of deep eutectic solvents is their tunable properties, which can be tailored for specific applications by varying the components of the mixture. Many studies have focused on the synthesis and characterization of different DES formulations to optimize their properties for various applications. For example, Li et al. (2020) investigated the use of choline chloride and glycerol as a DES for the extraction of phenolic compounds from natural sources, demonstrating the effectiveness of this solvent in extracting a high yield of target compounds. This tunability of DES properties makes them versatile solvents for a wide range of applications. In addition to their tunable properties, deep eutectic solvents have also been found to exhibit excellent solvation power and selectivity for different compounds. Xu et al. (2019) reported the use of a DES composed of choline chloride and urea for the extraction of flavonoids from plants, showing high extraction efficiency and selectivity for the target compounds. The ability of DES to selectively solubilize specific compounds makes them attractive solvents for the extraction of natural products and pharmaceutical compounds. Furthermore, deep eutectic solvents have been investigated for their potential use in catalysis and electrochemistry. Zhang et al. (2018) studied the application of a DES based on choline chloride and lactic acid as a green solvent for the synthesis of biodiesel, demonstrating high catalytic activity and selectivity in the transesterification reaction. DES have also been used as electrolytes in electrochemical devices due to their high conductivity and low volatility, making them promising alternatives to traditional electrolytes. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of deep eutectic solvents in the field of materials science. DES have been explored for the synthesis and functionalization of nanoparticles, as well as for the preparation of advanced materials such as polymers and composites. Liang et al. (2021) investigated the use of a DES containing choline chloride and ethylene glycol for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles with controlled size and morphology, showing promising results for various catalytic applications. The unique properties of DES make them attractive solvents for the preparation of advanced materials with tailored properties. Despite their many advantages, there are still challenges to be addressed in the use of deep eutectic solvents. One of the main concerns is the environmental impact of DES production and disposal, as some components may be derived from non-renewable sources or have toxic properties. Efforts are being made to develop sustainable and biodegradable DES formulations to reduce their environmental footprint and ensure their long-term viability as green solvents. In conclusion, deep eutectic solvents have shown great potential for various applications in different fields, including extraction, catalysis, electrochemistry, and materials science. The tunable properties, excellent solvation power, and selectivity of DES make them versatile solvents with a wide range of applications. However, challenges remain in terms of sustainability and environmental impact, which need to be addressed to ensure the continued use of DES as green solvents. Further research is needed to explore the full potential of deep eutectic solvents and develop new applications in different fields.
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