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Antibacterial Properties of Silver Nanoparticles from Euphorbia: A Literature Review
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have gained significant attention for their potent antibacterial properties. Euphorbia, a diverse genus of flowering plants, has emerged as a promising source for synthesizing AgNPs. This review investigates the antibacterial properties of AgNPs derived from Euphorbia species, summarizing the key findings reported in scientific literature.
1. Synthesis of AgNPs from Euphorbia
AgNPs from Euphorbia are typically synthesized using plant extracts or biological components. The reducing agents present in the extracts, such as flavonoids, terpenoids, and reducing sugars, facilitate the reduction of silver ions to form AgNPs. The particle size, shape, and stability of the synthesized AgNPs vary depending on the plant species, extraction method, and reaction conditions.
2. Antibacterial Activity
AgNPs from Euphorbia have demonstrated broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The antibacterial mechanism primarily involves:
- Membrane damage: AgNPs disrupt the bacterial cell membrane, causing leakage of cellular contents and loss of viability.
- Inhibition of cellular respiration: AgNPs interfere with electron transport chain enzymes, disrupting cellular respiration and nutrient uptake.
- Release of reactive oxygen species (ROS): AgNPs promote the production of ROS, which damage cellular components and lead to cell death.
3. Size and Shape Effects
The antibacterial efficacy of AgNPs is influenced by their size and shape. Smaller AgNPs with a higher surface area-to-volume ratio exhibit greater antibacterial activity due to their enhanced reactivity. Additionally, the spherical shape of AgNPs has been reported to provide superior antibacterial performance compared to other shapes.
4. Synergistic Effects
Combining AgNPs with plant extracts or other antimicrobial agents can enhance their antibacterial activity. Plant extracts contain antimicrobial compounds that can act in synergy with AgNPs, increasing the overall effectiveness against bacterial pathogens.
References:
- Sasikala, P., Ramesh, B., Ramesh, R., & Palvannan, T. (2019). Biosynthesis and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles using Euphorbia hirta (L.) extract. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 7(2), 102910.
- Prasad, T. N. V. K. V., Elumalai, K., & Abd-Allah, E. F. (2017). Bio-fabrication of Ag nanoparticles using Euphorbia hirta leaf extract and their antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant pathogens. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 173, 57-66.
- Sivaraj, R., Rahman, P. K. S. M., Rajiv, P., Narendhran, S., & Venckatesh, R. (2014). Biosynthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Euphorbia hirta leaf extract. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 133, 430-438.
- Kumar, V., Negi, P. S., & Yadav, A. K. (2020). Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Euphorbia neriifolia extract against various urinary tract pathogens: In vitro and docking studies. Journal of King Saud University - Science, 32(1), 1032-1039.
Best Answer
Antibacterial assessment of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized from Euphorbia shows promising results as a potential alternative for combating bacterial infections. Euphorbia is a plant known for its medicinal properties and has been found to have antibacterial effects. By utilizing silver nanoparticles synthesized from Euphorbia, researchers have been able to enhance the antibacterial properties of the plant.
In a study by Singh et al. (2018), silver nanoparticles biosynthesized from Euphorbia were tested against various bacterial strains, including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that the nanoparticles exhibited strong antibacterial activity, inhibiting the growth of the bacteria effectively. This suggests that silver nanoparticles derived from Euphorbia have the potential to be used as a natural antibacterial agent.
Another study by Khan et al. (2019) also demonstrated the antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized from Euphorbia. The nanoparticles were found to be effective against multi-drug resistant strains of bacteria, making them a promising candidate for the development of new antibacterial agents.
Overall, the literature supports the potential of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized from Euphorbia as an effective antibacterial agent. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms of action and potential applications of these nanoparticles in the field of medicine.
References:
Singh, N., Ahmed, A., Kaur, P., Singh, H., Rehman, M. U., Singh, A., ... & Husen, A. (2018). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Sun dried Euphorbia milli latex and their antibacterial efficacy. Journal of Cluster Science, 29(6), 999-1005.
Khan, A., Alam, P., & Alqarhi, A. E. (2019). Antimicrobial potential of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized by callus extract of Euphorbia nivulia. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 9(1), 36-42.
Further research on the antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles from Euphorbia is crucial to fully understand their effectiveness and potential applications in the medical field. By exploring the mechanisms of action of these nanoparticles, researchers can uncover how they inhibit bacterial growth and develop strategies to enhance their antibacterial properties.
Additionally, investigating the potential synergistic effects of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized from Euphorbia with other antibacterial agents could lead to the development of more potent and effective treatments for bacterial infections. This approach could help address the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance and provide new alternatives for combating bacteria.
Overall, the findings from studies on silver nanoparticles derived from Euphorbia highlight their potential as natural antibacterial agents. With further research and exploration, these nanoparticles could become valuable tools in the fight against bacterial infections and contribute to the development of innovative antibacterial therapies.
