APA 7th Edition Reference List Guidelines for Online Academic Journals Without DOIs
When preparing a reference list for online academic journals that do not have digital object identifiers (DOIs), it is crucial to follow the guidelines outlined in the APA 7th Edition Publication Manual. These guidelines ensure consistency and accuracy in citing online sources.
General Format:
Author. (Publication year). Article title. Journal Title, Volume(Issue), pages. URL/link to the article.
Specific Guidelines:
Author:
List the authors in the same order as they appear in the article.
Use initials for first and middle names, followed by last names.
For multiple authors, separate names with commas and use an ampersand (&) before the last author's name.
Publication Year:
Enclose the publication year in parentheses.
Use the year the article was published online, even if it differs from the print publication date.
Article Title:
Capitalize only the first word of the title, proper nouns, and acronyms.
Place the title in italics.
Journal Title:
Capitalize only the first word of the title and proper nouns.
Italicize the journal title.
Volume and Issue:
Include the volume and issue numbers in parentheses after the journal title.
Use Arabic numerals.
For journals that do not use issue numbers, leave this field blank.
Pages:
If the article is paginated, include the page numbers in parentheses after the volume and issue numbers.
Use hyphenated page ranges (e.g., 10-15).
URL/Link:
Provide the stable URL or direct link to the article.
If no stable URL is available, use the website's homepage URL.
Example References:
Single Author:
Brown, J. (2023). The impact of social media on mental health. _Journal of Social Psychology_, 54(3), 400-408. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2023.2184176
Multiple Authors:
Smith, A., Jones, B., & Davis, C. (2022). Exploring the relationship between mindfulness and academic performance. _Educational Psychology Review_, 35(1), 1-20. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10648-022-09675-9
No Volume or Issue:
Zhang, Y. (2021). The role of artificial intelligence in healthcare. _Frontiers in Medicine_. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2021.681876/full
Homepage URL:
Microsoft Research. (2022). AI for Earth. https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/initiatives/ai-for-earth/
Additional Notes:
If the article is a special issue, include "(Special Issue)" after the volume and issue numbers.
If the article is part of a conference proceedings, include the conference name, location, and dates in parentheses after the publication year.
For articles published before 2023, refer to the APA 6th Edition Publication Manual.
1. "The impact of social media on mental health in adolescents"
2. "The role of technology in education and its effect on student learning outcomes"
3. "Understanding the factors influencing job satisfaction among millennials in the workplace"
4. "The implications of online shopping on traditional brick-and-mortar retail stores"
5. "Exploring the relationship between social media usage and self-esteem among young adults"
6. "The effects of climate change on global food security"
7. "The role of gender stereotypes in shaping career choices among college students"
8. "The impact of immigration policies on the mental health of immigrant families"
9. "Exploring the influence of childhood trauma on adult mental health outcomes"
10. "The role of mindfulness and meditation in managing stress and anxiety"
11. "The ethical implications of artificial intelligence in healthcare decision-making"
12. "Exploring the correlation between social media usage and body image issues in adolescents"
13. "The impact of remote work on employee productivity and work-life balance"
14. "Examining the effectiveness of online therapy in treating mental health disorders"
15. "The relationship between online gaming and social behavior in children"
16. "Understanding the psychological effects of cyberbullying on adolescents"
17. "The role of online communities in providing social support for individuals with chronic illnesses"
18. "Exploring the connection between online dating apps and relationship satisfaction"
19. "The influence of online learning platforms on student engagement and academic performance"
20. "The impact of e-commerce on consumer behavior and traditional retail markets"