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Externalism in Storytelling: A Literary Exploration
Introduction
Externalism is a philosophical concept that asserts that mental states are partially determined by external factors, such as the environment or social context. In literature, this idea can be effectively showcased through stories that explore the interplay between individuals and their surroundings. By presenting characters whose thoughts, feelings, and beliefs are influenced by external circumstances, authors can illuminate the complex relationship between the mind and the world that shapes it.
The Power of Environment
One way to demonstrate externalism in storytelling is to highlight the influence of the environment on characters' mental states. In the novel "The Bell Jar" by Sylvia Plath, the protagonist, Esther Greenwood, struggles with depression and identity issues while interning in New York City. The oppressive atmosphere of the city, with its competitive and demanding culture, exacerbates her distress. As Esther interacts with the superficial and materialistic society around her, her own feelings of inadequacy and isolation intensify. The novel vividly portrays how the external environment can profoundly affect an individual's mental state.
Social Contextualization
Another aspect of externalism that can be explored in literature is the influence of social context on mental processes. In the play "Waiting for Godot" by Samuel Beckett, two tramps, Vladimir and Estragon, engage in existential conversations while waiting for an unnamed character who never arrives. Their isolation and lack of purpose reflect the broader context of a society that is absurd and meaningless. The characters' thoughts and behaviors are shaped by the social conditions they inhabit, highlighting the external factors that can influence our understanding of the world.
The Interplay of Mind and World
Externalism does not suggest that the mind is entirely determined by external factors. Rather, it acknowledges that mental states are a product of both internal and external influences. This interplay can be effectively showcased in stories that explore the complex relationship between the two. In the novel "Beloved" by Toni Morrison, the protagonist, Sethe, is haunted by the ghost of her murdered daughter. The psychological and emotional turmoil she experiences is rooted in both her past trauma and the oppressive society in which she lives. The novel demonstrates how the mind and the world are inextricably linked, with each influencing the other in a dynamic and ongoing process.
The Transformative Power of External Experiences
Externalism can also be explored through stories that depict how transformative experiences can shape our mental landscapes. In the memoir "Into the Wild" by Jon Krakauer, the protagonist, Chris McCandless, abandons his comfortable life to embark on a solo journey into the Alaskan wilderness. Through his encounters with nature and the people he meets along the way, McCandless undergoes a profound transformation. His beliefs, values, and understanding of himself are irrevocably altered by the external challenges and experiences he faces.
Conclusion
By showcasing the interplay between individuals and their surroundings, stories in books can effectively demonstrate the concept of externalism. Through vivid portrayals of characters whose mental states are influenced by the environment, social context, and transformative experiences, authors can illuminate the complex relationship between the mind and the world that shapes it. By exploring externalism in storytelling, authors can provide readers with a deeper understanding of the multifaceted nature of human consciousness and its inextricable connection to the external world.
Best Answer
One way a story in a book can effectively showcase the concept of externalism is by highlighting how a character's environment, circumstances, or external factors shape their beliefs, actions, and values. For example, a story could depict a character who grows up in poverty and is surrounded by violence and crime, leading them to adopt a certain set of beliefs and behaviors. As the story unfolds, the character may begin to question these beliefs and behaviors as they encounter new experiences or interact with different people who offer alternative perspectives.
By showing the ways in which external factors influence and shape the character's thoughts and actions, the story can effectively demonstrate the concept of externalism. This can help readers understand that individuals are not solely responsible for their actions and beliefs, but are also influenced by their surroundings and circumstances. Additionally, by exploring how characters navigate and respond to external influences, the story can raise important questions about agency, free will, and the nature of identity.
Furthermore, the story can also explore how external forces such as societal norms, cultural expectations, and historical events can impact the character's sense of self and their place in the world. By delving into these broader external influences, the story can examine how individuals are shaped not only by their personal experiences, but also by larger forces beyond their control.
In addition, the story can also delve into the idea of how individuals navigate and negotiate their external influences, whether they conform to them, resist them, or strive to transcend them. This can provide readers with a deeper understanding of the complexities of human behavior and decision-making, as well as the ways in which individuals can both be shaped by and shape the world around them.
Overall, by effectively showcasing the concept of externalism through a compelling narrative and well-developed characters, a story in a book can offer readers a thought-provoking exploration of the interplay between individuals and their external environments. Through this exploration, readers can gain insight into the nuanced ways in which external influences shape our beliefs, actions, and identities, ultimately prompting reflection on the nature of agency and responsibility in our lives.
