If you are approaching a 20,000-character essay, the first thing you need to do is have an idea how long 20,000 characters is. If you use words that average six characters, then 20,000 characters is 3,333 words. A standard page is 300 words, so the paper would be just over 11 pages. That is a pretty significant-length essay, and you will want to keep that in account when planning how to write it. If you are comfortable with the standard 5-paragraph approach, which is introduction, three supporting paragraphs, and a conclusion, you might find it helpful to think of it like writing three or four smaller five-paragraph essays inside of a larger five paragraph essay. In other words, introduce your topic and three supporting topics, then take the time to fully develop each supporting topic in a mini-essay, then tie all of it together with a main conclusion.
For contemporary social inequalities, there are so many topics from which to choose, and deciding on one depends on whether you want to take a global, national, or local perspective. Right now, it is impossible to ignore how race is interacting with COVID survival rates in the United States, but it might be difficult to get complete information on that topic. Instead, we would suggest a topic that has more research information available; the impact of race on the criminal justice system. In the essay we would discuss how the race of the perpetrator impacts how they are treated at every decision-making point in the criminal justice system and show how these effects are cumulative. We would look at the race of the victim to demonstrate that crimes with minority victims are not punished as severely. Finally, we would look at whether the race of the criminal justice professional impacts how they treat minorities.