Youth Justice
1, HOW HAVE CRIMINOLOGISTS EXPLAIN YOUTHFULL CRIMINALITY?
According to studies, youthful criminality is the result of many separate factors. Among these include the disproportionate amount of sensationalism surrounding crime (Okoronkwo, 2008, p. 2). Sensationalism includes an unspoken support for crime as demonstrated through various media outlets. This may include violence presented in the media, in the way of television, magazines, and video games (Jewkes, 2004). Parents can encourage this by allowing in discretionary use of video games and indiscriminate viewing of television without controls. This is unhealthy and may support increasing violence and criminal behavior. This sensationalism comes both in the form of sensationalizing crime as something desirable, and sensationalizing the individuals responsible for crime.
Other factors that lead to youthful criminality include the hype surrounding the appeal of crime, or the benefits of crime and the appeal of youth crime among youths. Crime is often portrayed as an appealing option to youths, as something popular and desirable, particularly in the media (Muncie, 2004; Hugh & Roberts, 2003). This may appear in the way of support for cliques in school, or gang support in the streets. Some may view such activity as harmless, when it fact it can lead to theft, robbery, or in the worst cases, death (Goldson & Muncie, 2006). Juveniles that watch more than 2 hours of television or other violent media each day are more than three times as likely to participate in violent or aggressive crimes as their non-violent peers (Goldson & Muncie, 2006). Other factors contributing to youth crime include at risk youth. These risk factors include low socio-economic conditions that contribute to crime.
Factors within poverty stricken areas that may contribute to crime may include interracial homicides or gang-related crimes that can contribute to overall criminal environments where juveniles may be living (Jewkes, 2004). Typically at risk youths include those that are raised...
There are also theories on protective factors such as social control theory, which suggests that, absent social control force coming from the individual's bonds to community members (family, peers, school), youth will commit delinquent behavior naturally. And social capital theory argues "that the community can be strengthened by investing more in social networks, communication, and an exchange of resources" (Noyori-Corbett & Moon, 2010, p. 254). A combination and an
Decentralization and Policing Define decentralization. Explain the ties between this movement and labeling theory. What is, in your informed opinion, the single most important practice to emerge from the decentralization movement? Why do you think that this is the case? The idea behind this movement is captured by the phrase "less not more"; however, Blomberg and Lucken contend that "not less -- more" was the result. How was this possible? Decentralization refers
Crime is Not Just a Criminal Justice Issue Introduction The issue of mental health in the criminal justice system is important because, as Stringer (2019) notes, the US Department of Justice has admitted that nearly 40% of individuals in prison have a history of mental illness. Unfortunately, the criminal justice system does not appear to be focused on addressing the situation in a way that benefits people convicted of crime. The prison
Hirschi's Social Bond Theory Hirschi's social bonding theory argues that those persons who strong and abiding attachments to conventional society are less likely to deviate than persons who have shallow or weak bonds (Smangs, 2010). These bonds come in four interrelated forms, the first of which is attachment. Attachment, refers to the level of psychological affection one has for pro-social others and institutions. Parents and schools are of critical importance in
The author explains that in many cases children who are deinstitutionalized cannot return home; as a result one of the alternative systems should be community-based programs. This would entail arrangement such as halfway houses that would allow the offenders to leave the reform schools and go back into their communities (Lyons 2006). This type of system can be risky because delinquents can reoffend and the blame would be on
According to Lawlor, Connecticut has "developed a flexible approach geared toward immediate intervention and proven results" (Lawlor). He explains that not every teenaged car thief with a record of several arrests should be sent to prison, just as not every 10-year-old first time truant needs to be simply sent home to his parents (Lawlor). The state of Connecticut has sole responsibility for all probation, adult and juvenile, and all graduated
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