Young Adults Housing Policy Does the Welfare System Encourage or Discourage Young Adults to Become Pregnant in UK
The specific purpose of this research is to scrutinize the impacts of the UK Benefits System on the growing demographic of teenage mothers. But in order to track down the list of genuine impacts, one must first understand how the system works. Generally speaking, each credible or qualified group is broadly categorized into whether they are taxable or non-taxable. That is to say, those groups of deserving people such as the sick or the low income groups are entitled to the various bonuses they receive, provided that they fulfill a certain taxation criteria. {Inland Revenue, 2001}
Literature Review
Ingham (2005) in this article gives a detailed background and development of the Teenage Pregnancy Policy in England over the last few years which has become part of the National Policy. It gives the summary of the targets it aims to achieve. The policy was derived after the publication of the report Teenage Pregnancy in 1999 by SEU. The report gave statistics that placed England to have the worst record regarding teenage pregnancies compared to the whole of Europe. The report (1999) outlined the four key components of the Action Plan that the Prime Minister had initiated that would help achieve the target.
The components were to help improve understanding and change of behavior; better coordination between the local and national authorities; better prevention measures of causes of teenage pregnancy which includes better sex education in and out of school, better accessibility of contraceptives, targeting high risk groups with a focus on young men; and provide better health and care facilities for the young mothers and their children. Though the strategy faced major criticism, there were a lot more people who supported it. The strategy may not have achieved a lot in these few years but it has given a positive approach to the entire issue.
The policy has mobilized resources both at the national and local levels. It has been able to successfully reduce the conception in 80% of the areas though 20% areas still showed high conception rates. There is still a need to achieve more openness about sexuality, be more educated on the subject, and have more accessibility and availability of services with trained staff. As more and more parents are communicating with their children regarding sex, more teachers and staff at health centers are being trained properly; the strategy to reduce teenage pregnancy can be achieved and become more ingrained in the English culture which will eventually result in a progressive future.
Kidger (2004) reviews the limitations of the strategy designed by the New Labor party, for supporting teenage parents and prevent the occurrence of conception. The issue of teenage parents had been considered a serious problem since the 1980s but it was the New Labor party who was the first one to decide to form a strategy to tackle the problem. The strategy form had two main aims; one was to reduce the occurrence of conception by half by 2010; and the other was to increase the level of participation of the teenage parents in education, training and/or paid work to 60% by 2010.
The paper aims to explore the strategy initiated by the party and its appropriateness to the needs of the teenage parents.
The party defines social inclusion to be something gained through contributing as paid workers rather than something that is the right of every citizen. This special treatment of paid work which should be a citizenship right creates a distinction between the deserving and undeserving; and results in forming the moral character of the welfare recipients being questioned and disciplinary and coercive practices being commonplace within initiatives targeting the unemployed such as the New Deals (Levitas, 1998). This way the government's strategy plays a role in social exclusion of the teenage parents especial for the mothers. Social inclusion is not the only necessary requirement of the young parents. It is necessary for the government to broaden its strategy to include social connectedness to meet the different need to the parents.
The papers takes in to account the empirical evidence from the young parents who volunteer at schools as peer educators regarding the schools sex education; it explores the alternative options to help these parents in social inclusion. It later considers the implications of these findings and emphasized the need for the government to broaden its perspective for the strategy to help the young parents. Such policy developments can help young...
" (Finnerty, 2008) It is reported that those who suffer from co-occurring mental illness and substance abuse problems are also likely to be homeless. According to the Health Care for the Homeless Clinicians' Network (2000) "Co-occurring mental illness and substance abuse makes it more likely that people will be chronically homeless." (cited in Finnerty, 2008) Factors that are known to contribute to homelessness in those with co-occurring mental illness and
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