¶ … ethics aligned in a constructive way to gather, investigate and consecutively analyze the data of a precise subject. Methodology illustrates the method of the researcher, which the researcher intends to utilize in completion of the study. The methodology can be distinguished in two distinct ways: It helps in detailing the techniques to conduct the research properly.

It assists in analyzing and consecutively justifying the choice of methods used for the critique.

This chapter is divided into 8 sections

Research Philosophy

Research type and Timeline

Data collection methods

Quantitative Validity

Sampling Strategy

According to Cohen et al. (2007) the sub-dividing of the methodology chapter renders an uncomplicated examination, which helps the researcher in understanding the complex methods in an easy practical layout. Even Saunders et al. (2012) mentions the research study is enhanced with divisional headings, which helps in providing an explanatory abstract of overall conduction of research study.

Research Philosophy

Research Philosophy can be defined as an outlining of the study, which helps in differentiating the research aims and it also supports the theory and consecutively helps in accomplishing of the study, respectively. (Trochim, 2006) Trochim (2006) also stated that it helps in figuring out diverse perceptions of the global communities.

Trochim (2006) in his research revealed that most of the critiques are founded on the notion that the completion the research objectives will help the academia by logically comprehending the structure of the world and global communities: simultaneously, also dechiphering the various aspects that could sustain in numerous societies and cultures. The concept behind this is derived from two key scholarly disciplines of philosophy, they are Positivism and Post-Positivism.

a. Positivism

Positivism can be described as a reproach of metaphysics. The research is conducted in a positivist way so, that the study outcome is more confident and grounded in rationalizing skills.

b. Post-Positivism

Post Positivism can be elaborated as categorizing the constructivist perception. For example: An individual perception towards socio-life and its beings differs from individual to individual. Thus, the behavior of surroundings, human beings and the environment is acknowledged by the every individual in a uniquely precise manner.

Positivism and Post positivism renders an equal opportunity in researching a topic.

Science in sequence with positivist will reflect the factual side of the universe as observed by the individual as it brings out the inner-self. This gives the researcher a lot of scope to analyze its subject. The Positivist method is always to bring out the spontaneous act for determination in correlation to investigation and disposal. Many Positivist claims that the effect of being unbiased towards an individual is always correlated to its infused traits. To explore these traits of an individual, scientific methods are used for dissection. However, the Post Positivists argue that the perception of an individual cannot be experienced without acknowledging their intention behind it. The intention behind it renders an unbiased perception of the issue. The Post Positivists also believe that all the personal traits and experiences of an individual are prejudiced in a way. The unprejudiced-ness or unbiased-ness can only be elaborated as socio-experience felt by the subject (Trochim, 2006). The researcher acknowledges the Post positivist as its core research philosophy in investigating this study.

Research Approach

Once more, in procession with Trochim (2006), two vital that tactics come up with the research are: deductive and inductive research approach.

Deductive Approach

The deductive research approach is also known as minimizing approach. This is a quantitative method approach wherein, the quantitative data are minimized to primary source and secondary source until a degree of accuracy.

Inductive Approach

Inductive Approach is also known as maximizing approach. This is a qualitative approach wherein, the quality data are collected and maximized to gain momentum in the research. The author chooses the research approach as inductive as its aligned accurately with this study.

Research type and Time Line

Research study periodically focuses straight on data governance. There are two foremost structural formats of a research study.

1. Cross-sectional and

2. Longitudinal studies.

The concept of the Cross-Sectional study is that the author is limited to a defined time period to gauge the observable facts of the study. On the contrary, longitudinal study is based on the concept of exploring the study without any restrictions of the time. This assists in evaluating and re-evaluating of the outcome and consecutively modifying the conclusion to attain the desired result (Trochim, 2006). The Author chose the longitudinal format in accomplishing this work.

Data Collection Methods

There are two methods of...

It absorbs an emphatic quality aspect that can mix video, pictures, sound recordings etc. its extent or coverage is a lot wider.
In qualitative methodology, research is either conducted in qualitative or quantitative methodology. There are few researches which incorporate both the methodologies to acquire data. Surveys may include both the questionnaire and interviews. Qualitative information can be acquired through structured interviews, semi and unstructured interviews, Questionnaire and surveys. (Trochim, 2006)

Thus, the researcher stretched this study in quantitative methodology to benefit from the numerically verified element of data. To achieve precise goals of this study, the researcher utilized survey questionnaire as its main source of data collection.

Quantitative validity

The accurate validity of a research depends upon the execution of study beyond its limits of ability and inability. A smallest error can destroy the research analysis and can result in submergence of the endeavors. The study's success lies in unbiased method of collecting data and for any sort of data, the validity lies in profundity, veracity and aptitude of the data. This study is conducted by survey method wherein the questionnaire is prepared to close ended questions and a few semi-structured interviews as a sample to collect data. This methodology does not approve biased-ness towards the subject hence, to gain authentic, unbiased answers to the questions asked in the survey without influencing the subject is the goal of the author (Trochim, 2006).

Saunders et al. (2012) mentioned, it is significant to design a questionnaire in such an unbiased or appropriate way that it should reduce the risk of inappropriate answers by the respondent. The design of the questionnaire depends entirely upon how the researcher intends to conduct the research, hence considering the viability and the sturdy outline to conduct a research.

Reliability can be defined as a possibility of different investigation studies receiving the similar conclusion when gauging the research with standardized tools and methods. In veracity, the issue of reliability displays conflict in terms of accuracy and exactness in gauging / measuring devices as being used in the research (Bouma, 2010).

Saunders et al. (2012) agrees with this point and further adds that the problems of being biased is a correlation with reliability and can be categorized in two types.

1. When a researcher is researching his subject, the tone, acts and body languages render the subject an intuition of being biased or unbiased which affects the responses of the subject (Saunders et al., 2012).

This study has been elaborated in such a manner that the author's intentions or perception is not inflicted any way. The second type of bias by Saunders et al. (2012) is

2. The subjects' bias, which prompts the subject to respond in accordance to the researcher's views.

The author is cognizant of the fact that despite extra care being taken in preparing the questionnaire, the respondents' answers may vary according to its potential positive perception of the responses or the respondents may choose not to answer certain question or answer inaccurately due to the complexity of certain questions.

On the contrary, validity is categorized as an accurate and gauging method of assessing a subject. To dodge validity related problems surveys are fine tuned to acquire precise and accurate philosophy of the individuals (Bouma, 2010). Yin's (2013) theory of a hypothetical proposal in practically justifying case studies is apparent with this research. However, populating too much of the data can influence the aim of the theory and thus, can deviate the subject and purpose of the planned research. The author also understands the complexity of the result being determined by the social sciences and thus, it does not have a defined variable or can provide many variables. So, the author intends to note that the research results may differ even if the research is conducted on the same topic.

Sampling Strategy

The Questionnaire is used as a small sample tool in conduction of this discipline. Saunders et al. (2012) states that smaller sample size is more beneficial in conducting a survey, which needs elucidation, factual investigation and a precise background check; thus, the smaller sample size is recommended.

Email will be viable in employing the contributors to this work. An email will be sent to many different exclusive leadership corporations in chosen areas. To get a real amount of sampling in each division the author will make certain to send follow up emails and make phone calls.

Research Design

The author intends to utilize the survey strategies assigned by Wilson and McLean (1994) for this research as the questionnaire renders factual numerical figures. The correct format of a questionnaire is significant in obtaining accurate results.

This research has adopted the format offered by…