Chinese Women
Pan Chao's text "Lessons for Women" illustrates women's role and self-perception in first century China. These seven lessons were written out by Pan Chao for her daughters in an attempt to prepare them for married life and for their roles as women in Chinese society. Pan Chao's teachings stress the restrictions imposed on women by themselves and their society. Women were viewed as the weaker sex, as necessarily subservient to men, and of secondary importance to their husbands. Marriage is also portrayed as the culmination of a woman's life, as she has essentially no genuine personal life of her own save that which exists in the context of the marriage. "Lessons for Women" shows that a woman's daily life in ancient China consisted mainly of household duties and psychological obligations to her husband and her in-laws; the teachings underscore the remarkable strength of character exhibited by women like Pan Chao.
Pan Chao notes in the introduction that she was married at the age of 14 and "labored without confessing weariness" in her household duties for her in-laws (9). The details of her own life doubtlessly influence the nature of Pan Chao's advice to her daughters. The first chapter of the lessons is entitled "Humility," and through powerful example, shows how women were definitely viewed as inferior to men: a girls first experience as an infant is being placed below the bed, a symbolic act signifying her...
There were many unsuccessful attempts to transition to examples put forth by other countries particularly in the west that received both acceptance and rejection. Some efforts proved fruitful but many were fought against by the intellectuals as those at the lowest end of the socioeconomic structure had no voice. The transition in East Asia has reached a level of plateau; however, national identity and unification continue to be a
Confucianism is one of the major factors that influenced gender views and perception in traditional East Asia, particularly in relation to the treatment of women in these societies. Confucianism is primarily a teaching that was brought by Confucius, a philosopher, political figure, and educator. The teachings of Confucius formed the foundation of education in the traditional societies in East Asia, especially in China, Korea, and Japan. Confucius teachings affected many
These gang-related activities had a negative effect on the very industries on which Macau depended for much of its economic activity, and tourism dropped by almost 10% in 1998 (Kurtlantzick 1). A Macanese resident summed up the situation thusly: "I still won't walk around at night . . . And every sound makes me think of a gunshot" (quoted in Kurtlanzick at 1). In an interview with Macao's present
Chinese' Food and the Model Minority study in ethnic cuisine and culture, marginalization and commercialization, and the paradox of exoticism. The anthropological theme studied for this work was that of the ethnic compromises and paradoxes inherent in creating a "Chinese" restaurant in America, for Americans. In every English speaking country from England to Canada, Chinese food is a huge business. For many immigrants it is one of the only businesses ready
shifting gender roles within Chinese history: Connections, differentiations, and articulations of Chinese women within the ideology of Confucianism The common stereotype of the East Asian female in the West is that of a frail flower: the most popular Westernized conceptions which leap to mind are that of the bound feet of a Chinese woman. However, the reality in early Chinese history was far more complex. As in the West, Chinese women
Asia Pacific Business China and Australia A Contrast and Comparison The purpose of this paper is to: Compare and contrast the characteristics of industrial and institutional environments in one of the nine (9) Asia Pacific countries identified by Lasserre and Schutte with those of Australia; and II. Further this work will discuss South Korea in relation to their adoption of a similar business system and institutional framework which is the same as that
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