U.S. Women in 1930s-1940s
Women's History and 19th Amendment
On August 26, 1920, Secretary of State Bainbridge Colby quietly signed the Nineteenth Amendment into law. By guaranteeing all Americans the right to vote "irrespective of sex," the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment capped more than half a century's worth of struggle by finally recognizing a woman's right to vote.
The Nineteenth Amendment was an important milestone in women's rights. However, the suffragettes who thought that equality would be achieved through the vote were sadly mistaken.
This paper examines how despite the passage of the right to vote, the structures of sexual and gender-based inequity continued. It examines women's experiences from the Great Depression through the Second World War, giving particular focus on the activism and experiences of poor women and women of color.
Working Women in the 1930s
In the book Gender and Jim Crow, Glenda Gilmore points to a separate ideal of womanhood that existed between black and white women. For example, due to economic need and less educational opportunities, many African-American women already worked outside the home long before women had begun to agitate for equal rights in the workplace.
By the 1930s, the growing number of immigrants had changed the American workplace. Since few immigrant or working-class families could make ends meet on a single salary, many wives and daughters worked outside the home to augment the family income.
However, this opened the door for many discriminatory practices. Many poor and immigrant women labored in factories, under sweatshop conditions. Female farmworkers were also targets of discriminatory wage practices, often receiving only a fraction of the daily wages of their male counterparts.
Because of these inequalities, many working women began to organize and form trade unions. In 1929, for example, 300 female workers in a rayon plant...
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