Verified Document

White Europeans And Indians In America Research Paper

¶ … White European Authors Depicted Native Americans in Fiction The objective of this study is to examine how white European authors have depicted Native American in Fiction. Examined to inform this study are two specific works in writing and specifically those entitled: "The Last of the Mohicans" and "The Searchers" written by James Fenimore Cooper and John Ford, respectively.

There can be no doubt that the native American Indians are misrepresented in literature written by white European authors as the Indians are portrayed as ignorant, uneducated, ungodly, barbarians and villains. IN the literature of White European authors, the Native American Indians lived a life that was wild, unprincipled and ungodly however, study that has examined the life of the Native American Indians since those earlier works has related an entirely different story of the Native American Indians.

Coleman on Social Construction of Indians in the Cinema

The work of Cynthia-Lou Coleman entitled "Framing Cinematic Indians within the Social Construction of Place" reports that Native American images have become "ubiquitous in the marketplace of goods, with raven-haired maidens adorning grapefruit boxes and aftershave bottles shaped like war-bonneted braves." Coleman notes that such Indian iconography "extends beyond hawking trinkets to the marketplace of ideas and ideology." ( ) Exploration of cinema and the way in which White Europeans have depicted American Indians in a stereotypical role that fails to exceed what is a "one-dimensional space" although a timeless one writes Coleman ( ).

William Stedman is reported to have made the observation that Western films characterize Indians as a homogenous group portrayed as vicious, indolent, stupid, and savage. While movies 'ensnared and then filmically embalmed the Indian forever in Hollywood's image, the real crime is the constant torrent of mediated images that depict a lop-sided version of history." (Coleman, )

According to Coleman "In the colonial American captivity narrative tradition, the racial category of whiteness gives the captive agency to reproduce his/her captivity in the form of a narrative. Upon the former captive's release, ransom, or escape the cultural and colonial...

The narrative reproduction of captivity, thus, inverts the power structure in the act of writing the white captivity narrative. The writing gives the former captive control over the Indian as subject of and subject to white discourse. Hence, the Indians -- the captors -- eventually become the captives to white cultural and social structures of power and knowledge, which historically indigenous people had little or no access." ( )
II. The Feelings of Native Authors and Scholars Include Deep Resentment

Coleman reports that native authors and scholars even now "harbor deep resentment of this arguably "archetypal genre" of American literature because the popular and canonical narratives generally feature the most horrific portrayal of Indian people and culture without historicizing the circumstances that generated the capture of white captives in the first place." ( )

Gregor writes that recent examination of the literature shows that "many of the early American captivity narratives white captivity occurs as a result of white encroachment on Indian lands, white violation of Indian treaties, and Indian retaliation for violence committed by a member of the white community in Indian country. The Indian captor's motives for the practice of captivity, however, are usually excluded from the white captivity narratives when in fact as Pauline Strong Turner's anthropological study shows the practice of Indian captivity has a long and complex history among North American Eastern Woodland tribes." (Gregor, 2010)

III. Cooper -- A Friend to the Indians

It is stated in the work of Kenneth Lee Untiedt entitled "The Evolution of the Western: The Original American Novel" that 'The Last of the Mohicans (1826), was one of the two work written by Cooper that won him a "prominent place in American Literature. Through the influences of the romantic adventure tales of his European ancestry. Cooper created a new genre that was familiar and yet uniquely American. At the heart of every Western is the very serious issue of establishing order and search…

Sources used in this document:
References

Kellner, Leon (1915) The American Books: A Library of Good Citizenship. Garden City, New York. Doubleday, Page & Company 1915.

Coleman, Cynthia-Lou (nd) Framing Cinematic Indians within the Social Construction of Place. Retrieved from: https://journals.ku.edu/index.php/amerstud/article/viewFile/2963/2922

Ebert, Roger (2001) The Searchers. Retrieved from: http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20011125/REVIEWS08/111250301/1023

Gregor, Theresa Lynn (2010) from Captors to Captives: American Indian Reponses to Popular American Narrative Forms. May 2010. Retrieved from: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/assetserver/controller/item/etd-Gregor-3488.pdf
Untiedt, Kenneth Lee (2003) The Evolution of the Western: The Original American Novel. Retrieved from: http://etd.lib.ttu.edu/theses/available/etd-06272008-31295017090399/unrestricted/31295017090399.pdf
Ebert, Roger (2001) The Searchers. Retrieved from: http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20011125/REVIEWS08/111250301/1023
Cite this Document:
Copy Bibliography Citation

Related Documents

European Colonization of the Atlantic
Words: 2004 Length: 5 Document Type: Term Paper

But though Indian resistance was strong Native Americans didn't have effective military organization and Europeans used the tactics of total warfare. Knowing enemy's superiority Indians unleashed guerilla wars but they didn't have any chance to win as they were not united. That was the main reason of Native Americans' failure. Colonists played various Indian tribes against one another as Colin G. Calloway wrote and this Roman strategy succeeded. Very

Indian Diplomacy the History of
Words: 668 Length: 2 Document Type: Essay

Family ties enabled him to straddle both worlds. Led his army in support of the British; remembered for atrocities his army supposedly committed and his attempts to keep tribal lands. Wampum Belt: Wampum=certain sea shells. Used for trade, but not exactly currency. Different colored shells valued differently. Wampum belts were woven to commemorate special occasions/given as gifts. Also used a sort of writing/memory. Hurons: Also called "Wendat." Occupied Ontario area. Iroquoian

European & Native American Cultures
Words: 1091 Length: 3 Document Type: Essay

Native Americans had no central government before the first whites arrived. Each family was bound to have several cultures over a large geographic area. The system and beliefs that each tribe had were followed with honor rather than of fear or punishment. Each tribe had their own means to survive. Some were in agriculture/hunting and gathering while others relied in aquaculture/fishing. Native Americans lived in harmony with the nature. A

America's Rise to World Power
Words: 354 Length: 1 Document Type: Term Paper

America's Rise To Power It is not a new notion that America rose to world domination on the backs of the less fortunate, such as Native Americans and slaves. Before the Civil War, legislation like the Dred Scott case and the Kansas-Nebraska Act mandated white's control over slaves and slavery, allowing the Southern states to continue a policy that had been banned in the North. The South grew wealthy by exporting

America at War 1865-Present a Survey of
Words: 2692 Length: 8 Document Type: Essay

America at War 1865-Present A Survey of America at War from 1865 to Present Since the Civil War, America has seldom seen a generation of peace. In fact, a nonstop succession of wars has kept what Eisenhower termed "the military industrial complex" in lucrative business. From the Indian Wars to the World Wars to the Cold War to the war on Terror, Americana has expanded its foothold as an imperial power every

Indian Removal How Valuable Is History if
Words: 814 Length: 3 Document Type: Essay

Indian Removal How valuable is history if it is truly written by the victors of war? What remains of the historical account are only tiny fragments of what the true and whole story encapsulated. What we are left with are scraps of stories that are fragmented and skewed to the current power structures that run the institutions. Understanding this skeptical attitude is extremely important when judging an historical account. The purpose of

Sign Up for Unlimited Study Help

Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.

Get Started Now