Faulkner and Literature
The idea of entrepreneurship seems to many of us intrinsically Western, bound up in all those ideas of Adam Smith's about how work redeems people as good (white) Christians and helps them to claim their proper role in the universe. (Which is not exactly what Smith originally said, which we will get to in a moment.) But in fact the spirit of entrepreneurialism is as universal as human society. Across the globe there are those who take on both the responsibility and the risk for starting or running a business - and do so with the belief (or at least the expectation) that they can make a profit by doing so. This paper examines the differences, and the continuities, between two groups of entrepreneurs, those working in west Africa and those working in Harlem.
While there are some distinct differences between these two subgroups, there are also overriding and important similarities as well. In both case the entrepreneur decides on what the product or service will be and assembles the needed requirements for getting this product or service to those who are willing to pay for it. This includes both labor and materials (which include the capital needed for start-up and initial maintenance costs). These are the attributes of entrepreneurial activity worldwide, so we should hardly be surprised to find them in New York and Africa.
However, even as both of these groups have to marshal resources and labor, there are key differences as well as Moss (1995) and Rauch (1996) suggest. The capital available to even poor African-Americans in Harlem is relatively much greater (with a very few exceptions) to the capital that is available to West Africans. However, African entrepreneurs may draw upon a wider labor pool, and may do so on a voluntary basis or at least a basis of deferred payment - an option that is generally not available to American entrepreneurs (although more so to those working within ethnically or racially defined enclaves than to others, as Lee [1998] argues).
West African entrepreneurs can draw upon family and fictive kinship ties to assemble the labor and the resources needed to start...
This is why people that had financial resources to move away from the agitated center often chose Harlem. At the same time however, On the periphery of these upper class enclaves, however, impoverished Italian immigrants huddled in vile tenements located from 110th to 125th Streets, east of Third Avenue to the Harlem River. To the north of Harlem's Italian community and to the west of Eighth Avenue, Irish toughs roamed
Their main arguments are based on historical assumptions and on facts which have represented turning points for the evolution of the African-American society throughout the decades, and especially during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. In this regard, the Old Negro, and the one considered to be the traditional presence in the Harlem, is the result of history, and not of recent or contemporary events. From the point-of-view of
African Restaurant Revival New York is home to people from all over the world, and it is well-known that they often bring with them cuisine from their homelands. Foodies descend on food courts in subterranean malls in Queens, Russian bakeries in Brooklyn, and ethnic food trucks pretty much anywhere throughout the five boroughs. For being a cosmopolitan city with such cosmopolitan tastes, surprisingly little attention is paid to the diversity of
JAZZ: KANSAS CITY AFTER-HOURS CLUBS IN THE 1930S & THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO JAZZ The objective of this work is to examine the question of what would have happened to jazz if there had been a crackdown on illegal "after hour" clubs in Kansas City in the 1930s? Toward this end, this work will examine the literature in this area of study. In the 1930s, while the rest of the United States
The advent of World War II saw and end of the period of economic turmoil and massive unemployment known as the Great Depression, and thus was a time of increased opportunity for many of the nation's citizens and immigrants, but the experiences of some groups during and following the war were far less positive than others. Some of this was due to the different histories that different immigrant groups
" Thus, there is a contradiction between perceptions and appreciation of values as well. While the American society is based on more practical elements such as free trade, commerce and entrepreneurship, the immigrants bring with them a different set of values with more focus on personal relations and traditions. From this point-of-view, one could explain the discrepancy between the two sides and the subsequent separation, to the detriment of the
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