Degree requirements differ from state to state. Some states require or recommend a masters degree while others have different requirements in educational attainment. There are many states that require teachers of special education to be both generally as well as special educationally certified. Most States require a competency test.
In an article entitled "Vocational rehabilitation in rural America: challenges and opportunities" an examination is made of the issues that are dealt with by vocational rehabilitation service delivery in rural areas of the United States the findings show that, substantial portion of the United States population resides in nonmetropolitan areas totaling nearly 56 million individuals that live in rural areas of the country and that of those 56 million there are an estimated 15 million individuals with disabilities within that area. (William T. Grand Foundation, 1988 as cited by Rojewski, 1992)
Further stated is the fact that "Demographic projections have also shown that disability rates are proportionately higher in rural areas than in metropolitan settings." Further complicating the matter is the fact that, "People living in rural areas tend to be more economically, educationally and vocationally disadvantaged than their urban counterparts (Lam, Chan Parker, & Carter, 1987) as well as the fact that the highest rates of poverty in America are found in the rural areas. The approach used in vocational rehabilitation in rural areas differs greatly from the approaches used in urban and metropolitan areas. (Page, Bornhoeft, Barcome, & Knowlton, 1985) There are three differences between urban and rural vocational rehabilitation, which, are as follows:
The client of vocational rehabilitation in the rural area has fewer option of employment due to lack of business and industries in the area that results in limited availability of jobs for which the individual is qualified.
The geographic distance hinders the disabled individual due to lack of public transportation and other geographic factors expressed in limitations.
The rural vocational rehabilitation worker must have the ability to perform various duties of rehabilitation instead of the specialization that is the norm in urban areas.
Service delivery in rural areas may be in non-traditional methods requiring innovation in approaches of the delivery of service. (Leland & Schneider, 1982) Interagency service coordination has the ability to enhance service delivery for those living in rural areas. (Jansen, 1988; Rojewski, 1990). Multiagency staffing has also been suggested as an approach in delivery of service in rural areas.
Research and examination of this issue has resulted in findings that the most harm or damage may be inflicted upon the vocational rehabilitation counselor who is least experiential in dealing with disabilities. That fact is expressed as follows:
Disability myths are based upon prejudicial attitudes and inaccurate beliefs about people with disabilities. Such myths arise from cultural and psychological "learning" that prescribes the way one reacts to persons who have disabilities. Rehabilitation counselors, by virtue of their training, experience, and understanding, are among those professionals who are expected to have more realistic attitudes and beliefs toward disability. However, because rehabilitation counselors are part of the culture in which they live, many possess mythical attitudes that can be damaging to the person with a disability who is working toward vocational rehabilitation. This article explores some of the ways in which disability myths, when held by the rehabilitation counselor, may become institutionalized within the agency framework of vocational rehabilitation (VR) and how those myths may jeopardize services and case outcomes."
Stated further is the following:
Rehabilitation counselors live in the same culture as the general population and are no more immune to disability myths than others (DeLoach and Greer, 1981 as cited by Karst, 1990) and;
Because much of what culture teaches is unconscious, each person may perceive his or her own behavior as normal, and peculiar behavior in others as irresponsible or psychopathic. (Hall, 1976 as cited by Karst, 1990)
Stated in the article is that Vocational Rehabilitation Counselors must monitor their own logic and way of thinking to:
Protect themselves from the negative influence of disability myths in several ways and can thereby improve the overall quality of the VR service delivery system. They can learn to monitor their own attitudes and behaviors as a way of fulfilling their ethical and professional responsibilities. Self-monitoring begins with counselors acknowledging the fact that their attitudes stem not only from professional study and work experiences, but also...
Different routes of cocaine administration can produce different adverse effects. Regularly snorting cocaine, for example, can lead to loss of sense of smell, nosebleeds, problems with swallowing, hoarseness, and an overall irritation of the nasal septum, which can lead to a chronically inflamed, runny nose. Ingested cocaine can cause severe bowel gangrene, due to reduced blood flow. Persons who inject cocaine have puncture marks and tracks, most commonly in their
Gangs in Prisons in the United States and the Affect Rehabilitation Programs to Help Inmates Upon Release Prison Gangs are one of the most challenging entities that have to be tackled by the authorities. Their growing influence in the prison setting concerns not just the inside of the prisons, but also the outside world, as when they are released, the members continue causing problems for the society. A lot of
These facts do not even address the personal bias that may exist among employers who are more likely to hire welfare recipients than ex-offenders (Western, 2003). The problems ex-offenders face do not stop with employment. Male ex-offenders unable to hold steady or appealing jobs are often less appealing to potential partners as they are perceived as unable to "Contribute economically" and many carry a stigma associated with a past conviction
In the past, students with disabilities tended to be isolated from their peers by Special Education paradigms that obliged them to receive learning in a physically isolated setting. Far from helping these children to achieve their full potential, such setups tended to stigmatize them, making, making it even more difficult to look beyond their ability for their own identity and how this could be applied for the benefit of society
In such a design, one group of counselors would receive additional training to address the needs of the new population while a control group would not. Qualitative methods -- that is, non-data-driven methods, involve participant observation (such as the study's constructors acting as counselors themselves), direct observation (observing counseling sessions), unstructured interviewing (of subjects and counselors in the newly reformed program), and finally case studies of specific study subjects that
Counseling and the Helping Professions Counseling and related helping professions can be highly valuable for people who are struggling to cope with specific events in their lives (Constantine, 2007). Some people see counselors individually, and others go as a couple, group, or family. There are many reasons why people see counselors, depending on the areas of life with which they are having trouble. For those who get into counseling as a
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
Get Started Now