Indeed, similarities between Virgil and Dante's depiction of the underworld were evident in Canto IX, wherein Dante witnessed suffering in the City of Dis:
To the high tower with the flame-tipped top
Where at one spot there straightaway stood up
Three infernal Furies stained with blood,
Their bodies and behavior that of women.
Their waists were cinctured with green hydras;
For hair they had horned snakes and poison adders
With which their savage temples were enwreathed.
This passage reflects Dante's subjective interpretation of what Limbo, or the City of Dis, is like: similar to Virgil, he believed that the underworld is a place where suffering thrives and moral decline the cause of humanity's hardships. Furthermore, the underworld is a state where restlessness and dissatisfaction in life is the norm rather than the exception. Fury, as reflected in the passage, reigns in the underworld, an emotional state that was the result of a life "rife with distress and wretched punishment." Thus, Dante considered suffering and fury that thrived in the underworld as a result of humanity's moral decline, and hell is the place where people experience the consequences of their evil acts and thoughts during their mortal life. Retributive justice and the realization that evil acts lead to suffering are the main themes depicted...
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