PICOT Question
Introduction
Low back pain is a common health challenge for both active and former military service members. Among the military veterans, low back pain places higher risk and has been indicated to be bear the potential for long-term disability (Bagg et al., 2017). There is a lack of effective treatment strategies, and thus, military veterans rely on pain management strategies and other medical strategies, e.g., medical imaging, opioids, injections, and surgery. To both the Department of Defense (DoD) and the Department of Veteran Affairs (VA), the costs of care for members with low back pain have been on the rise; necessitating the need for research on the effectiveness of some of the available methods for treating and managing low back pain. Some of the methods available are non-narcotic pain medication, yoga stretches, and physiotherapy. These interventions can be administered in combination or singly (Bagg et al., 2017). This study assesses the effectiveness of non-narcotic pain medications combined with yoga and cold/heat therapy. Moreover, it compares the above with the use of non-narcotic pain medications to lower back pain (using the DVPRS pain scale) among veterans diagnosed with low back pain for three months.
Background and literature review
The management or treatment of low back pain, whether acute, sub-acute, or chronic, has from practice, shown to have less than desired outcomes. As a result, most veterans with low back pain have resulted in one or several unconventional methods for management of the same. Some of these alternative strategies include non-narcotic medications, yoga stretches, and hot/cold therapy. Non-narcotic analgesics are an effective strategy in dealing with mild to moderate low back pain. Some non-narcotic analgesics are aspirin, Tylenol, and NSAIDs, e.g., fenoprofen, sulindac, carprofen, and ketoprofen (Qaseem et al., 2017).
Yoga stretches have also been shown to offer effectiveness intervention for persons exercising low back pain. However, the findings regarding yoga are mixed, and those that report effectiveness have some significant limitations. That notwithstanding, yoga stretches have been reported to help deal with disability caused by low back pain, depression for low back pain patients, and as compared to a control group, the level of pain was significantly lower for those practicing yoga stretches (Groessl et al., 2008; Williams et al., 2009).
Heat/cold therapy has also been shown by research findings to offer effective remedies for both acute and moderate low back pain (Dehghan & FarahbOD, 2014). Even though the two might not have the same results on the same patient,...
Music is sound, which enters the outer ear and passes through the middle ear into the inner ear and the brain by means of electrical energy. In the brain, it can generate motor responses, draw emotions, release hormones and trigger higher-order processes. The brain develops its response as it perceives the sound. If a loud sound creates fright, calm music can soothe. Records on music therapy date as far back
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This is particularly the case in elderly patients who suffer form various debilitating diseases and conditions, where it has been found that music therapy produces positive outcomes. References Anatomy of Melancholy. Retrieved April 8, 2008, at http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/b/burton/robert/melancholy/S2.2.6.html Bhat, M. Udupa S. (2003) the Evolution, Appreciation and Representation of Music. MCGILL JOURNAL of MEDICINE, 7(2), pp. 190 -195. Black bile. Retrieved April 8, 2008, at http://www.answers.com/topic/melancholia. Complementary and Alternative Approaches to Biomedicine. Retrieved April 9,
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