Validity
When conducting a research study, the researcher needs to pay particular attention to the reliability and validity of his or her research instruments. These concepts form the basis of the academic acceptability and even excellence in a study. Hence, any researcher should be concerned with maximizing especially the validity of his or her work. In addition to internal consistency, various forms of validity can be identified, including face validity, content validity, criterion validity, and construct validity. All these validity forms form an important component of ensuring the strength of a research project.
Internal consistency refers to the homogeneity of a measure. When a questionnaire is offered to sports apparel customers in one of the countries (United States or Kenya) represented in the study, for example, it should be ensured that all the questions would produce valid scores for specific populations. This can be done by comparing half the items of a scale with results from the other half. Consistent results would be similar for similar demographics. The lack of such consistency would mean that the questionnaire items are inconsistent and should be revised.
The implication of this for the study is that the researcher will have to ensure the validity of questionnaires before they can be submitted as evidence for the study. Any questionnaires or items considered to be inconsistent on an internal scale will have to be discarded for their potential to invalidate the study results. Time and effort implications may be at the heart of the issue here.
Validity, in general, as mentioned, has four main components. Validity refers to the true measure of the investigation being offered. This investigation, specifically, aims to measure the correlation between efforts by developed countries, such as the United States, and developing countries, such as Kenya, in marketing their sports apparel to the youth in the country. A lack of validity would also mean a lack of consistency within the results, which would deny the entire study in terms of its right to exist or to have been conducted in the first place. Validity is therefore an extremely important concept in offering a research perspective on a comparative research design such as this. The far-reaching implications...
Description of Study and Design to Be Used in Future Research ProjectTopic 1. Describe a vulnerable population in terms of research. Why the population is considered vulnerable? What other groups might also be considered vulnerable populations?A vulnerable population in terms of research is a population that is often overlooked by the academic community or a population that does not fit in with the mainstream sample. Waisel (2013) states that: �vulnerable
mixed methods research study. Each of the three studies must have been published in a peer-reviewed journal. Analysis of a Qualitative Research Report: Problem statement: What is the problem the study was conducted to address? Many schools have not adopted new electronic-era media literacies into their core curricula, but understanding these new, evolving literacies is critical to understanding how students learn today, especially with regard to low-income students, for several reasons (Turner,
Childhood Obesity Study The research study titled, "Parents' perceptions and attitudes on childhood obesity: AQ-methodology study" by Akhtar-Danesh et al. (2010) details the perceptions that parents have toward the cause of obesity, how much obesity affects health, and the obstacles that exist in successfully implementing an obesity prevention program for children. Due to the nature of the research experiment, the test that was used was an appropriate method to attain the
For example, an upscale restaurant, mid-market clothing store, hardware store, and general store could all be sampled, and over the course of four days shoppers could be asked to respond to a survey at the check-out counter about their perceptions of the store and shopping experience. The data could then be analyzed demographically, in terms of consumer perceptions, and also precisely what the different shoppers bought on different days,
Participation in a Research Study It is imperative that a subject understands the importance of his or her involvement in any research study. This is fundamental especially in researches that may involve full participation of an individual (which may affect his or her daily activities). As a result, every researcher must ensure that his or her subjects are fully informed about the research and are ready to follow through to the
Research instruments fall into two broad categories: those compiled by the researcher him or herself in the form of recorded observations, logs, and rating scales and those completed by the interview subject him or herself in the form of questionnaires and interviews. Regardless of the instruments used, research studies should be guided by acceptable standards of validity and reliability. "Validity is the extent to which an instrument measures what it
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