The railroads brought more settlers to their land, and cities began to arise in the West. The result was increasing conflict -- and many massacres orchestrated by government forces, as Western Native Americans, who had limited contact with settlers to this point, saw their lands inundated and their way of life threatened, so say nothing of the disease. The conflict, disease and loss of this way of life permanently gutted Native American societies -- they might have been the biggest losers of the industrialization age their way of life all but wiped out.
Working Americans
Working Americans were more likely to work in a factory under dangerous conditions. They lost the dignity in their work -- they were not longer artisans but merely cogs in somebody else's machine. They were more likely to live in tenements -- urban living conditions during industrialization were terrible. Children were increasingly pressed into hard labor during this period, as wages were so low that the entire family would have to work. One change that was more positive for workers was the rise of suburbs, allowing better trained or educated workers to escape the tenements, and there was a proliferation of entertainment during this era as well, including sports, fuelled by the economies of scale allowed for by cities. Such escapes found enthusiastic audience with people who otherwise had nothing but work or drink to live for.
Social Aspects
The heritage of slavery held back economic development in the South, because there was reluctant to raise wages for blacks, and this left businesses there with smaller markets. Ongoing social unrest is a legacy of slavery in the South to this day. Reconstruction was a truncated effort in this regard. There was some overhaul of laws regarding the rights of African-Americans, and attempts to rebuild the South, but Southern resistance to these plans and growing northern disinterest left Reconstruction a half-finished project. The ongoing segregation not only left the South economically stunted but created social problems that are ongoing to this day...
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