Urban Problems and Solutions
In the 1990's, the United States exhibited a decreasing trend in the rates of pre-marital sex and teen pregnancies. However, the rate of teenage pregnancy in United States is yet considered to be alarming in comparison to that of other developed countries of the world. It has been estimated that about 1 million teenage girls in the U.S. are being victims of teenage pregnancy every year.
Due to the fact that teen mothers and babies are vulnerable to health hazards, the considerable birth rates among teens have become alarming. The ignorance of pregnant youngsters deprives them of taking appropriate medical attention, making them vulnerable to medical complexities. The teenage pregnancies have tremendous emotional impact on the adolescents. Under feeding, negligence in taking nutrients, habits of smoking, alcoholism, drug abuse etc. which are common among most of the youngsters make their newly born babies prone to health hazards. Besides, the children of teenage mothers are supposed to face problems relating to social and emotional also. The pregnancy among youngsters is considered to be a catastrophe to both the victim as well as her family members. Resentment, blame and denunciations of teen mothers are considered to be major follow-ups from the side of family members.
Current Policy Solutions:
In 1996 enactment of welfare law was made with a view to reducing pre-marital pregnancy rates among the youngsters. Various provisions aimed at attaining the objectives include; education on self restraint warranting per annum investment of 50 Million USD; ensuring completion of the High School Education by the teenage mothers and provision of necessary support for living in an observed environment; ensuring social recognition through establishment of the child's father and payment of child support; declaration of an incentive of 20 million USD to 5 States of outstanding success in combating pre-marital birth rate and abortions; incentives amounting to 1 billion USD for heartening efforts for organization and continuance of the two-parent families. (Johns; Moncloa & Gong, 2000, p.31)
In order to discourage pregnancies among youngsters the Law provided ample discretion to the States to refuse the incentives to the victims or to the teen mothers having more children. However, no State have denied benefits to the youngster mothers however, about 23 States have denied benefits to the teenage mothers having more children. The law impels the states to chalk out plans and programs for reducing pre-marital pregnancies more particularly, pregnancies among the youngsters. "The National Strategy to Prevent Teen Pregnancy', was started on the eve of 1997 in the United States in consonance to the demands of the U.S. congress for an acceptable approach in this regard and also on the basis of a decree for confirming the plans in this regard, so that over 25% of communities in the country have access to teen pregnancy prevention programs. (Johns; Moncloa & Gong, 2000, p.35)
In order to attain the objective, HHS had made initiations for long-term collaborative efforts throughout the country. Various programs for combating pregnancy among youngsters have been introduced during the last 30 years that counteracted the impeding factors. The programs so formulated encompass programs such as educating the youngsters about self restraint, about their wide reach ability to the contraceptives etc. Thus the educational programs involve teachings on self-discipline and self-restraint along with appropriate use of contraceptives. Programs improving the proficiency in Postponing Sexual Involvement and combating the risk factors involved are covered under the category. (Wong & Checkland, 1999, p.42) With a view to make the contraceptives reachable to school children efforts were made for establishment of clinics in School campus and associating the existing clinics to schools educating the children on adoption of family control measures. On the other hand pre-job training, entertainment, assessment, training on development of life skills, attending to the physical and psychological ailments are covered under multi-component programs for reducing teenage pregnancies.
Strengths of Current Policy
Even though there was a decreasing trend in the teen age birthrates during 1970's and 1980's, however, this has been attributed to the increased abortions rather than avoidance. But during 1990's the reducing teen birthrates are considered to...
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