Urban Poverty Readings Summary/Critique
These readings examine the relationship between race and poverty, especially in urban settings that present a setting of de fact segregation. Mincy and others note the social reinforcement of certain poverty-perpetuating attitudes and behaviors in urban poor communities, which still have a predominantly African-American population (Mincy 1994; Massey, 1990; Jargowsky & Sawhill 2006). Specifically, the jobless rate among males living in ethnically segregated urban is noted by these authors as a major contributing factor -- if not the primary factor -- in continued poverty along dramatically racialized lines. Mincy (1994) also notes that this naturally results in higher rates of federal assistance and criminality as a primary means of subsistence in these families, and this state of affairs is self-perpetuating in the way it isolates members of such communities from mainstream society and provides inadequate role models for future generations, even insofar as actively discouraging traditional employment.
Other explanations for the "hypersegregation" of African-Americans in inner-city communities are proffered by others, including either conscious or unconscious white avoidance of African-Americans and even outright racism (Massey 1990). This in turn has led to the development of a "black English vernacular" that has also contributed to joblessness and increased social and cultural isolation. This vernacular speech is also another method of encouraging and perpetuating isolation from mainstream society, and reinforces the cultural onus against mainstream employment and overall integration. Massey goes on to note that the current official and unofficial "color-blindness" of cultural and socio-economic policy is simply another form of institutionalized racism, as it ignores the fact hat urban poverty is predominantly a racial problem (Massey 1990).
Wilson (1996)...
The public face of stigma involves the general public's negative beliefs, feelings and behaviours directed toward those with a stigma" (¶ 4). Public stigma may contribute to a cycle of poverty by: a) Employers discriminating against obese individuals or those who may be HIV-infected or mentally ill. b) Being poor, per se, may contribute to even more public stigmatization. Self-stigma and public stigma closely connect, Reeder and Pryor (2008) stress
Urban Anthropology Our urban metropolises are no longer the vibrant or essential centers they used to be. The mass migration of the wealthy into the suburbs has left our cities with reduced tax bases and less stability and in turn the cities have rapidly begun decaying. Our cities today are decadent and dangerous. Cites are the remnants of the industrial age and that time is gone. Breaking down or getting a
Hilfiker is particularly sensitive to the source of poverty in African-American inner-city ghettoes. His recommendation for ending poverty, was one new program: universal health coverage, to which he argued convincingly, would save all of us as a nation on current health costs and yet could include the 43 million presently uninsured (Seven Stories Press). He also suggested three other existing programs: 1) the earned income tax credit, shown by the economists as
Poverty in America Working Outline of Poverty in America Poverty remains a difficult social problem. The distribution of the poor is stratified along ethnic and gender lines. The main suffers of poverty however, are children for whom poverty results in severe future outcomes. The difficult persists because attempts to reduce poverty are stymied by organizational and political issues. The organizational approach to poverty reduction is limited because of bureaucratic and structural impediments.
The literature search and selection was essentially based on the central questions noted above. The selection of causality was a central theme in this search; and this term was also related to concomitant aspects of the subject; such as the perception of poverty, methodological consideration in the measurement of poverty rates, important social and cultural factors etc. An effort way also made to include theoretical as well as more
The paper looked at other possible explanations, such as teacher experience, but found little correlation (Mitchell, 2001). In the weakest schools, 81% of the students qualified for free or reduced-price lunches. In the schools rated highest, only 3 1/2% of students qualified for such programs. In addition, school ratings dropped in direct proportion to the rise in number of students receiving subsidized lunches. The paper used subsidized lunches as one
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