Upanishads along with the Ramayana and the Mahabarata, represent the primary text leading to the constructs of Hinduism. A popular misconception is that these three works are immensely complex and are intense philosophical dialogs. In reality, they are quite simple diatribes and discussions on morality -- simplicity that is demonstrated in a close textual analysis of the Upanishads in Olivelle's synthesis translation.
The First Khanda begins as follows:
LET a man meditate on the syllable 2 Om, called the udgitha; for the udgitha (a portion of the Sama-veda) is sung, beginning with Om.
The full account, however, of Om is this:
The essence 3 of all beings is the earth, the essence of the earth is water, the essence of water the plants, the essence of plants man, the essence of man speech, the essence of speech the Rig-veda, the essence of the Rig-veda the Sama-veda 1, the essence of the Sama-veda the udgitha (which is Om)." (First Khanda, 1)
Here, the simple syllable "Om" is so transcendent and powerful that one may actually meditate on it -- it seems that a man may actually float upon the power of the word "Om."
But Om itself does not stand alone without symbolism. Rather, the Upanishads read, "The essence of all beings is the earth, the essence of the earth is water, the essence of water, the essence of water the plants," etc. Finally, it all funnels to the word "Om," the udgitha.
There exists here a simple process of linkages -- the transitive property if you will -- that converts to the word "Om." This simplicity is indicative of the Upanishads in general -- complex feelings and questions of morality...
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