Unmanned spacecrafts have long been a dream of human civilization. The allure of the unknown combined with mans quest for knowledge has created rapid innovations within the unamend spacecraft field. Its history has spanned many decades, with large leaps in innovation, safety, and efficiency. Even today, both manned and unmanned space crafts are now launching into space routinely. What once was a very esoteric and fearful proposition has now become much more routine. It is through these innovations that man hopes to pioneer space travel and better understanding of the cosmos.
To begin the history of unmanned spacecraft has its roots in mans fascination with space. For centuries, man has postulate about space, its origins, and mans place within the cosmos. The bible in many respects was mans first attempt to not only make sense of the world but also of space. These theories, quickly morphed overtime with many thoughtful notions that seemed reasonable during the time of discover. For example, there was a period in human history that academics believe the earth was the center of the universe. There was also a period of time that academics prior to Christopher Columbus and Magellan believe the earth was flat. Astronomy was used to help provide direction and chart ocean voyages. Still others believed the stars to be various Gods watching over human kind. Many of these theories related to the space, the cosmos, and earths place within it, were proven incorrect. These failures however, have done little to abate mans interest in space and how it works (Bilstein, 2003).
Transitioning into the early 20th century, man began to make quantum leaps in terms of innovation and society prosperity. This prosperity manifested itself within the industrial revolution which ushered in new modernizations of existing goods, products and services. The automobile, airplane, and train all became staples in the new American economy. Although not fully viable yet, the aircraft industry was beginning to take form. Along with this prosperity came two world wars that further enhanced the ingenuity and creative potential of America and its pursuit of space travel. Due in part to the war, much more research and development was plowed into the aviation industry. The innovations after the war ultimately created large breakthrough in unmanned space craft which culminated into what we are currently experiencing now (Gawdiak, 2000).
Unmanned space craft in the 1950 marked a very bitter battle and space race between the soviet union and the United States. Roughly three years before on Oct. 14, 1947, an American test pilot name Chuck Yeager broke the sound barrier for the first time in human history. This ushered in a very competitive battle between the soviet union and the United States...
…space stations. Now with a permanent and static base in space, the 1980s and 1990s allowed for much more exploration and scientific work in space. This included small unmanned vehicle used to conduct scientific experiments and other space exportation activities. These vehicles allowed astronauts to college samples of materials and experiment on them with much more accuracy and precision. Many of these unmanned vehicles allows society to become more aware of substances and elements that were previously unknown. Many of the unmanned aircraft during this period where able to map the surfaces of planets, conduct flybys of comets, gather materials on nearby planets such as mars, and even send photographs of planets from very far distances (Burrows, 1998).The 2000 in to the present saw rapid commercial adoption of unmanned space craft. Satellite TV, satellite radio and other space-oriented innovations began to immerge. For the first time, consumers where now beginning to benefit from the decades long experimentation with space. Private sector companies leverage space technology to deliver better internet service, television service, radio and many other applications. This period again saw rapid innovation particularly within the technology sector as data quickly became the next natural resource. Unmanned aircraft continues to see additional innovations in their ability to travel longer and farther than previous iterations. This has created still further discoveries as it relates to space…
References
1. Bilstein, Roger E. Testing aircraft, exploring space: an illustrated history of NACA and NASA. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003.
2. Burrows, William E. This new ocean: the story of the first space age. New York: Random House, 1998.
3. Chertok, B. E. Rockets and people. Washington, DC: NASA, 2005-2006. v. 1-2.
4. Corliss, William R. The interplanetary pioneers. Washington: Scientific and Technical Information Office, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1972-73.
5. Gawdiak, Ihor. Astronautics and aeronautics, 1986-1990: a chronology. Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA History Office, Office of Policy and Plans, 1997. v, 370 p.
6. Gawdiak, Ihor. Astronautics and aeronautics, 1991-1995: a chronology. Washington, DC: National Aeronautics & Space Administration, 2000. v, 773 p.
7. Gorn, Michael H. Expanding the envelope: flight research at NACA and NASA. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, c2001. xii, 4722
Three test launches in September failed miserably, but by October, the crew believed they were ready to test (Green and Lomask, 41). However, on October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union shocked the United States and the world by successfully launching Sputnik 1, into orbit around the Earth, becoming the first nation to launch an artificial satellite into orbit, and pushing them to the front of the now active Space Race
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